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The Golgi apparatus is a crucial component of the endomembrane system and is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Recently, increasing evidence shows that Golgi participates in oxidative stress in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). As a kind of reactive oxygen species (ROS), peroxynitrite (ONOO−) plays a significant role in a range of oxidative stress-related diseases. Therefore, accurately monitoring the level of ONOO− in the Golgi apparatus is crucial for revealing the mechanism of Golgi ONOO− in the sepsis-induced ALI. Unfortunately, no such probe has been reported to detect Golgi ONOO− in sepsis-induced ALI model. In this work, a Golgi-targetable probe FC-ONOO was designed and synthesized for high sensitivity and selectivity monitoring ONOO− generation during the Golgi stress response in sepsis-induced ALI model. The probe displayed high sensitivity (about 57 nM of detection limit) and good selectivity towards ONOO−. Additionally, it was successfully applied in mapping the increase of ONOO− levels in the Golgi of live cells induced by different stimuli. More importantly, the substantial increases in ONOO− levels in the Golgi apparatus were observed in the sepsis-induced ALI of mice for the first time. Given all its outstanding advantages, it has great potential for application in other ONOO− related diseases. [Display omitted] • A novel Golgi-targetable fluorescent probe for ONOO− was developed. • The probe displayed high sensitivity and good selectivity towards ONOO−. • The probe was successfully used to track Golgi ONOO− produced in live cells induced by different stimuli. • The probe was successfully applied to bioimaging Golgi ONOO− fluxes during sepsis-induced ALI for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a common side effect of medicines, which is a pathological process of drug-induced liver dysfunction or injury. As an important enzyme mainly existing in the human liver, carboxylesterase (CE) has been proven that the decrease or lack of its activity is related to the occurrence and severity of DILI. Therefore, detecting the change of CE level in DILI will help to understand the pathological and physiological repercussions of DILI. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (MB-CE) that displayed excellent optical properties for detecting CE. The probe MB-CE featured low cytotoxicity, high sensitivity, and selectivity. Furthermore, the MB-CE was successfully utilized to detect endogenous CE in a liver injury caused by acetaminophen (APAP) and its subsequent treatment with glutathione (GSH) in cells. Notably, with the assistance of probe MB-CE, we successfully achieved realized in situ monitoring of CE decreased in the APAP-induced liver injury mouse model. These results indicate the potential clinical utility of the probe MB-CE for investigating the occurrence, progression, and treatment of DILI. [Display omitted] • A novel near-infrared fluorescence probe MB-CE for CE was fabricated. • The probe MB-CE displayed high selectivity and sensitivity toward CE. • The probe MB-CE detected a decrease in CE expression during DILI and a rise in expression repaired with GSH in cells. • The probe MB-CE accomplished in situ monitoring of CE in drug-induced liver injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death mostly characterized by a serious misadjustment in the production and degradation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). Meanwhile, numerous studies have indicated that ferroptosis is crucial to the progression and pathophysiology of acute kidney injury (AKI). ROS have been implicated as a pivotal causative factor in cell damage, peroxynitrite (ONOO−) is one of the most prominent ROS which is intimately correlated to ferroptosis-mediated AKI. Therefore, monitoring ONOO− levels in ferroptosis-mediated AKI is important for exploring its physiological and pathological roles. Nevertheless, no probes for detecting ONOO− in ferroptosis-mediated AKI have been reported. Meanwhile, resveratrol (Res) is a bioactive component and has been used to the treatment of AKI. However, the effect of Res on ferroptosis during AKI progression remains elusive. Herein, we evaluated the fluctuation of ONOO− during ferroptosis-mediated AKI using the near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence probe (NFP-ONOO) for the first time. The probe NFP-ONOO showed excellent specificity and sensitivity for the detection of ONOO−. Furthermore, utilizing this probe, we demonstrated Res effectively mitigates AKI induced by folic acid (FA) and cisplatin (CP) by inhibiting ferroptosis. Collectively, this work will provide a powerful guidance for the prophylaxis, diagnosis, and therapy of ferroptosis-mediated AKI. [Display omitted] • A novel near-infrared fluorescent probe NFP-ONOO for ONOO− was fabricated. • The probe NFP-ONOO displayed high selectivity and sensitivity toward ONOO−. • NFP-ONOO was used for imaging ONOO− in cells and zebrafish during ferroptosis. • NFP-ONOO was utilized to image ONOO− in ferroptosis-mediated AKI models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]