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Graphical abstract Highlights • One-pot synthesis of noble-metal-free MoS 2 /CdS is time and energy-saving. • In-situ synthesized MoS 2 /CdS significantly retards charge recombination. • Optimized MoS 2 /CdS exhibits outstanding performance among similar catalytic systems. Abstract Semiconductor-based photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant shows bright prospect and has potential to address the global environmental issues. But the low efficiency, currently, is still an obstacle, which stems from ultrafast charge recombination. In this manuscript, MoS 2 /CdS nanodots-on-nanorods heterostructures were successfully synthesized via a novel but facile one-pot solvothermal approach with less time and energy consumption. The in-situ synthesized MoS 2 /CdS heterostructures with intimate interface between MoS 2 and CdS facilitate photogenerated charge transportation and separation. Besides, the discrete distribution of MoS 2 nanodots on CdS nanorods offers a great many active sites for organic dye degradation. As a result, the optimized MoS 2 /CdS hybrid shows an excellent photodegradation performance of rhodamine B (RhB) with 99.11% of RhB decomposition in 45 min, which is the advanced among all the similar catalytic systems. Our findings will give inspiration for developing low-cost and efficient catalysts for photodegradation of organic pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]