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To compare the reliability of digital model and plaster model on evaluation of bilateral cleft lip and palate.Nineteen pairs of digital and plaster model obtained from bilateral cleft lip and palate patients were measured, including nine measurements, such as maxillary alveolar length, width, cleft width, the deviation of maxillary middle line. One-way ANOVA was conducted for statistical analysis with SPSS 24.0 software package.There was no significant difference between the repeated measurements of the two types of models, there was no significant difference in the measurements between two types of models used in clinic.Both methods are suitable for evaluation of bilateral cleft lip and palate patients. Compared with conventional plaster model, digital model provides a safer and convenient way to obtain useful information both for research and clinical need.

To observe the efficacy of semiconductor laser therapy in combination with botulinum toxin A type injection in treating temporomandibular disorders and the influence on serum levels of interleukin(IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α.Ninety patients with temporomandibular disorders were selected and randomly divided into control group and treatment group with 45 cases in each group. Patients in the control group received semiconductor laser therapy,once per day and 1 course for 1 week. Patients in the treatment group was given semiconductor laser therapy in combination with botulinum toxin A type. 50 U botulinum toxin A type were injected into the masseteric and temporal muscles with 5 injections at different sites in each side. The treatment course of patients was 2 weeks. Fricton scale indexes, pain index, and efficacy were compared between the two groups. Serum levels of IL-1 and TNF-α were detected in both groups. SPSS19.0 software package was used for data analysis.After treatment, PI, DI and CMI in the treatment group were significantly lower than the control group (P0.01). After 1 and 2 weeks of treatment, VAS score of the treatment group was significantly lower than the control group (P0.01). The total efficacy rate of the treatment group was 93.33%,which was significantly higher than control group (66.67%, P0.05). Serum levels of IL-1 and TNF-α of the treatment group were significantly lower than the control group (P0.01).The efficacy of semiconductor laser therapy in combination with botulinum toxin A type injection in treating temporomandibular disorders is significant,and may be related to decreased serum levels of IL-1 and TNF-α.

To explore the situation of Kazak people's knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) about oral health and to offer scientific evidence for carrying out oral health education for Kazak people in Xinjiang Changji district.Three hundred Kazak people were randomly included from those who went to the People's Hospital, Department of Stomatology in Xinjiang Changji district for oral examination to conduct a survey on oral KAP. Two hundred seventy-five valid questionnaires were obtained. The data was inputted individually into Excel 2003 on 2 computers, and SPSS 17.0 software package was used for X(2) test.The percentage of the examined Kazak people in Xinjiang Changji district who obtained oral health knowledge through media was 69.4%. Only 8.7% of the subjects had their oral cavity examined regularly. 44% of the subjects achieved oral heath knowledge positively and 64.4% of the subjects believed in health education. 56% of the subjects brushed teeth twice or more per day and only 4% of the subjects used dental floss. Regarding the attitude towards treating dental diseases, 69.5% of the subjects would like to choose the departments of stomatology in the central hospitals, and 6.9% of the subjects didn't care about the doctors. The unbalanced development of oral health knowledge, attitude and practice and the difference in education and income were statistically significant in oral health behavior such as the times of brushing teeth, the choice of doctors and hospitals.The Kazak responders in Xinjiang Changji district have little knowledge about oral health, although their attitude towards oral health is very positive. Because their oral health behavior is not satisfactory, it is very important to provide with them further education of oral health.

To evaluate quantitatively the effect of semi-fixed Twin-block appliance on the temporomandibular joint remodeling during the Class II malocclusion treatment.Twenty two Class II division 1 patients treated with semi-fixed Twin-block appliance were included. Pre- and post-orthopedic treatment cephalometric data were analyzed with SPSS13.0 software package for paired t test.The mandibular condylar growth was directed superiorly(2.7mm) and posteriorly (3.6mm) (P0.01), the glenoid fossa was displaced in a inferior(1.5mm) (P0.01) and posterior (0.8mm)(P0.05) direction, the effective TMJ changes showed a pattern similar to condylar growth in a superior(4.2mm) and posterior(2.7mm) direction(P0.01), the mandibular rotation was slightly clockwise(P0.05).The application of semi-fixed Twin-block appliance shows its effectiveness on patients' compliance and the remodeling in temporomandibular joint, contributing to the correction of sagittal jaw relationship discrepancy.

Orthodontic teaching, especially in undergraduates is the most difficult part in dental education, not only on the aspect of theoretical teaching covering a wide range of disciplines in limited teaching hours, but also their application in clinical practice. With the aim of training qualified dental practitioner with global competitiveness, improving the quality of training curriculum, the Orthodontic Department of Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Stomatology has persisted in researching and reforming the teaching system. This paper described the current situation of orthodontic teaching and the concept of quality management. Our thought on the teaching mode and quality management of orthodontic training was also discussed.

To evaluate the effect of non-extraction treatment protocol combined with rapid palatal expansion and lower molar distalization in borderline Class III malocclusion in adolescents.Nine borderline Class III patients (average age: 13.4 ± 0.7 years) with average (6.7 ± 2.8)mm crowding in maxilla and (2.6 ± 0.4) mm crowding in mandible received the treatment described above. The lateral cephalograms of these patients were analyzed. All patients had a pretreatment ANB angle greater than -3°. The difference before and after treatment was analyzed with paired t test using SPSS11.0 software package.Evaluation of cephalometric measurements revealed forward movement of the maxilla, indicated by 1.69 mm forward positioning of A-point (P0.05), and an increase in SNA by 1° (P = 0.054). The mandible was inhibited from growing forward with slight retrusion evidenced by a decreased B-point (-1.88 mm, P0.05), and a decrease in SNB by 0.69° (P0.05). The combined maxillary and mandibular changes resulted in an increase in ANB angle (1.69°, P0.05). A clockwise rotation of the mandible was found, with an increase in Y-axis (0.88°,P0.05) and SN-MP (1.50°,P0.05). Significant change was also found in the forward movement of maxillary incisors (+3.44 mm, P0.05), and the slight retrusive positioning of mandibular incisors (-0.5 mm, P0.05). An increase in U1-SnPg' (1 mm, P0.05) and a decrease in L1-SnPg' (0.63 mm, P0.05) resulted in the improvement of upper and lower lips relationship (1.88 mm, P0.05).This treatment protocol can improve the sagittal jaws and upper-lower lip relationship.

To evaluate the effect of highpull extraoral traction on growing patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion.11 pairs of cephalograms obtained before and after highpull extra-oral traction treatment were used in this study, treatment changes were measured with Pancherz analysis, and compared with the control group. Independent samples group t test with SPSS 11.0 software package was used for statistical analysis.highpull extra-oral traction had inhibitive effect on forward and downward maxillary growth. Changes on SNA, A-Olp between the two groups were statistically different (P0.01). Upper molars were moved back (P0.01).highpull extraoral traction had orthopedic effect on the correction of skeletal Class II malocclusion of growing patients, including inhibition of maxillary growth and allowance of fully expression of mandibular growth. Meanwhile, dental-alveolar changes on the vertical and sagittal plane were beneficial to further improvement of the dental and facial appearance of the patients.

Compare the effects of Activator and Headgear-Activator on growing patients with Class II malocclusion.The material consisted of 36 pairs of cephalograms, among which 12 cases were treated with Activator, 17 cases with Headgear-Activator and 9 cases without treatment for control. A reference grid was created to evaluate the skeletal and dental changes quantitatively.Activator and Headgear-Activator were effective on the correction of Class II malocclusion, but the mechanisms were different.Both appliances were effective on the correction of skeletal Class II malocclusion of growing patients. By using the headgear, the inhabitation of forward and downward growth of the maxilla was enhanced, and the dental-alveolar changes different from Activator treatment benefit for the improvement of the dental facial appearance of the patient.

To evaluate the treatment effect of skeletal class II malocclusion with HGAC.Seventeen skeletal Class II cases were selected and treated with HGAC, pre-treatment and post-treatment cephalometric radiographs were analyzed by Pancherz analysis.Maxillary growth was inhibited by HGAC, especially in vertical direction. Mandibular retrognathism was improved significantly in horizontal direction. Meanwhile, the upper incisors were retruded and intruded.HGAC was effective in the correction of skeletal class II malocclusion.

To analyze the reliability of different cephalometric superimposition methods for evaluation of orthodontic treatment.The material consisted of fourteen pairs of cephalograms obtained before and after Herbst treatment. Each pair of the cephalograms were traced, superimposed by means of the three different superimposition methods three times each. A reference grid was used to quantitatively evaluate the sagittal dental and skeletal changes.(1) There was no statistically significant difference between the repeated measurements in the three methods respectively, i.e. all the three methods were reliable. (2) There was no significant difference among the three superimposition methods to evaluate the sagittal skeletal and dental changes. (3) Comparing the coefficient of reliability, none of the three methods was suitable for the individual assessment, and Pancherz' method only was acceptable for assessment of patients in groups.The three methods have their own characteristic. The Pancherz's method is comparatively direct and effective on quantitative evaluation of orthodontic treatment.