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Chondroitin sulfate sodium is an acidic mucopolysaccharide extracted from animal cartilage, and has been widely used in the world as anti-osteoarthritis and health food. It is difficult to control the quality and safety of chondroitin sulfate sodium, due to the structure, physical and chemical characteristics, physiological activities of chondroitin sulfate sodium vary with the different animal species, tissues and extraction processes. There are corresponding standards for chondroitin sulfate sodium at home and abroad. Based on the raw material standards of chondroitin sulfate sodium collected in the pharmacopoeia of China, the United States, Japan and Europe, this paper analyzes and summarizes the development status and trend of quality and safety standardization of chondroitin sulfate sodium. Combined with the latest research results, the critical control points affecting the quality and safety of chondroitin sulfate sodium are further extracted, and the sources, potential exogenous pollutants and adulteration are deeply analyzed and discussed, which is conducive to accurately grasp the risk sources affecting the quality and safety of chondroitin sulfate sodium for the supervision department and production enterprises. This paper clarifies the future requirements of quality and safety standardization of chondroitin sulfate sodium, providing reference for the continuous improvement of quality and safety standard system of chondroitin sulfate sodium.