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In this paper, we first give new model formulations for computing arbitrary generalized singular value of a Grassmann matrix pair or a real matrix pair. In these new formulations, we need to solve matrix optimization problems with unitary constraints or orthogonal constraints. We propose a geometric inexact Newton--conjugate gradient (Newton-CG) method for solving the resulting matrix optimization problems. Under some mild assumptions, we establish the global and quadratic convergence of the proposed method for the complex case. Some numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and high accuracy of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quaternion matrices are employed successfully in many color image processing applications. In particular, a pure quaternion matrix can be used to represent red, green, and blue channels of color images. A low-rank approximation for a pure quaternion matrix can be obtained by using the quaternion singular value decomposition. However, this approximation is not optimal in the sense that the resulting low-rank approximation matrix may not be pure quaternion, i.e., the low-rank matrix contains a real component which is not useful for the representation of a color image. The main contribution of this paper is to find an optimal rank-r pure quaternion matrix approximation for a pure quaternion matrix (a color image). Our idea is to use a pro jection on a low-rank quaternion matrix manifold and a projection on a quaternion matrix with zero real component, and develop an alternating pro jections algorithm to find such optimal low-rank pure quaternion matrix approximation. The convergence of the pro jection algorithm can be established by showing that the low-rank quaternion matrix manifold and the zero real component quaternion matrix manifold has a nontrivial intersection point. Numerical examples on synthetic pure quaternion matrices and color images are presented to illustrate the pro jection algorithm can find optimal low-rank pure quaternion approximation for pure quaternion matrices or color images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study orthogonal nonnegative matrix factorization. We demonstrate the coefficient matrix can be sparse and low-rank in the orthogonal nonnegative matrix factorization. By using these properties, we propose to use a sparsity and nuclear norm minimization for the factorization and develop a convex optimization model for finding the coefficient matrix in the factorization. Numerical examples including synthetic and real-world data sets are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and demonstrate that its performance is better than other testing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the iterative solution of weighted Toeplitz least squares problems. Our approach is based on an augmented system formulation. We focus our attention on two types of preconditioners: a variant of constraint preconditioning, and the Hermitian/skew-Hermitian splitting (HSS) preconditioner. Bounds on the eigenvalues of the preconditioned matrices are given in terms of problem and algorithmic parameters, and numerical experiments are used to illustrate the performance of the preconditioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many image processing applications require computing approximate solutions of very large, ill-conditioned linear systems. Physical assumptions of the imaging system usually dictate that the matrices in these linear systems have exploitable structure. The specific structure depends on (usually simplifying) assumptions of the physical model and other considerations such as boundary conditions. When reflexive (Neumann) boundary conditions are used, the coefficient matrix is a combination of Toeplitz and Hankel matrices. Kronecker products also occur, but this structure is not obvious from measured data. In this paper we discuss a scheme for computing a (possibly approximate) Kronecker product decomposition of structured matrices in image processing, which extends previous work by Kamm and Nagy [SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl., 22 (2000), pp. 155–172] to a wider class of image restoration problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]