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Objective: To study the mechanism of renal injury in Lepr db / db mice with the leptin receptor homozygous deficiency., Methods: Ten male of 28-week-old Lepr db /+ mice with leptin receptor heterozygous deficiency were selected as control group and ten male Lepr db / db mice with leptin receptor homozygous deficiency were used in this study. After fasting for 8 hours, the body mass, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobulin (HbA1c) of the mice were measured. Blood of the mice was obtained from femoral artery before euthanasia. Serum creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were detected by corresponding kits, and serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The kidney was taken for pathological observation. The expression levels of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in renal were analyzed by Western blot. The mitochondria of renal was isolated by the corresponding kit. Meanwhile, the expression level of lipoic acid synthase (LIAS) in renal mitochondria was measured by Western blot., Results: The body mass, FPG, HbA1c, CRE and BUN levels of the Lepr db / db mice were significantly increased in comparison with the Lepr db /+ mice ( P <0.05). Compared with the Lepr db /+ mice, the Lepr db / db mice renal exhibited glomerular hypertrophy, thickened basement membrane and capillary wall, the mesangial matrix expansion and mesangial cell hyperplasia. Compared with the Lepr db /+ mice, the serum level of GSH in the Lepr db / db mice was decreased significantly ( P <0.05). The levels of MDA and concentrations of MCP-1, IL-1β and TNF-α in serum of the Lepr db / db mice were higher than those of the Lepr db /+ mice ( P <0.05). Compared with the Lepr db /+ mice, the expression of LIAS and Nrf2 protein in the Lepr db / db mice renal were decreased ( P <0.05), while the expression of NF-κB protein was increased ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: LIAS, Nrf2 and NF-κB might play significant roles through regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation in the renal injury of Lepr db / db mice., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition).)

Objective: To explore the effects of neuroplasticity on major depression disorder (MDD) with event related potentials (ERPs) of mismatch negativity (MMN) and sensory gating potentials P50 for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with antidepressant treatments., Methods: A total of 159 patients with MDD randomly divided into two groups: 75 patients in group A was administrated rTMS treatment for 2 weeks (15 days), and continues to give antidepressant of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) regularly. 84 patients in group B was consistently administered the similar antidepressant. The 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24), MMN latency, S1-P50 amplitude, S2-P50 amplitude and S2-P50/S1-P50 amplitude ratio, and the percentages of abnormal P50 (S2-P50/S1-P50 > or = 0.5) were assessed and measured before treatment, at the 2nd and the 10th weekend after treatment in two treatment groups. Meanwhile, 90 normal control cases was set up as control group (group C). Results At 2th and 10th week after treatment, the HAMD-24 scores were reduced remarkably than those before treatment in group A and B (P < 0.001), and the scores in group A was lower than that in group B (P < 0.001). MMN latencies and S-P50 amplitudes after treatment in group A were significant shorter and lower than those before treatment in group A and after treatment in group B (P < 0.05) (except for intergroup comparison of S2-P50, amplitude after treatment weeks). No significant difference was found in S2-P50/S1-P50 ratio ( except for after treatment 2 weeks ) and percentage of abnormal P50 between group A after treatment and group C (P > 0.05). There were no statistical significance difference of ERPs between after treatment 2 weeks and 10 weeks in group A (P > 0.05). No statistical differences of ERPs between before and after treatment in group B (P > 0.05) was observed., Conclusion: rTMS combined with antidepressant therapy was superior to single antidepressant treatment, and marked improved automatic processing and sensory gating of the brain senior functional electrical physiological index. rTMS might induce effects of long-term potentiation/long-term depression like plasticity on brain, and keep brain function in a dynamic stability and balance. MMN and P50 maybe become neuroplasticity index reflecting relevant the brain senior function.