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In this paper I shall address a series of remarks made by Kant in the context of his pedagogical reflections in order to show the fundamental character that the idea (or ideal) of education must assume in every pedagogical project. The kantian conception of a perfectible human nature --and directly related to it, the idea of a progress of the social institutions, which can be reached through the improvement of educational institutions-- represents, for Kant, a fundamental principle of every pedagogical enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to discuss the possibilities and difficulties of environmental history to study the historical relationship between man and rivers. At the end, I develop a historical analysis about the Tibagi river in the State of Paraná along the 19th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]