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Political science theories and concepts that describe the real political process have always been the empirical basis for political philosophy. According to the author, the 2019 Ukrainian presidential election campaign can best be understood and described using the concepts of "populism" and "post-truth". The paper analyzes the discourse of the concept of "populism", and reveals its content and main features. The need to establish social supervision over the actions of the authorities as a means of countering populism is emphasized. Essential characteristics of the post-truth phenomenon are revealed. The theoretical chain of the terms "verity" - "truth" - "posttruth" is presented. The meme as a unit of post-truth is analyzed. The paper proves that it was the bundle of populism and post-truth that had been the background of the electoral consciousness where the manipulative election technologies of the presidential campaign in Ukraine unfolded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reflects the main historical stages of the formation of Ukrainian Pentecostal theology over the past thirty years: from the “birth” of the first church schools to the defense dissertations of doctoral level. Author has presented connection between post-soviet Pentecostal dogmatic system with evangelical traditional of dispensationalism and literal hermeneutic method in study of the Bible. Obviously, that Pentecostal Churches were strongly influenced through the Baptist Bible Courses in Moscow, because many Pentecostal leaders completed them. The author demonstrated the role of Bible Seminaries founded in independent Ukraine by western missioners of leading church`s unions, like the Assembly of God and the Church of God. The article identifies two models of the Pentecostal education (“church” and “academic” approaches) that address to the different needs of church society. “Church” type of theological education tries to teach important topics connected with applied questions of church ministry. However, this approach has a weak side hidden in methodology of research. As a result, not all research papers completed by graduates of the church-oriented school are interesting for Ukrainian scientific society. For control of quality in Ukrainian theological schools, EAAA was founded. Another direction of the development of the Ukrainian pentecostal theological model thinking is the “academic model” of theological education, that today develops in cooperation with state institutions. Through the analysis of the topics of defended dissertations, the author identifies key trends in the development of the Ukrainian Pentecostal movement. Among key topics, there is introspective research of the own roots, reasons of spreading alternative church movement in USSR, and its place on the World religious map. Like prognostic conclusion of all the text, the author identified several topics that may be interesting for Western academic partners, like “theology of Maidan”, “Church peaceful strategies for East of Ukraine” and “Ecological theology in light of Chernobyl’s tragedy”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The foundation and activity of the Mariupol Local Public University under the social processes of the Ukrainian Revolution during 1917-1919-s is highlighted in the paper on the base of the modern methodological approaches. The history of the educational institution is analyzed in the context of anthropological, social, cultural and interdisciplinary approaches. The issues of the Mariupol Local Public University’s organization and principles of its activity are considered regarding the principles of microhistory in detail. The educational activity, personnel and university enrolment are presented. The attention was drawn to the activity of the Mariupol democratic community regarding university’s establishment, to an impact of changing social processes that were in Ukraine in general and in Mariupol in particular, according to the methodological principles of socio-cultural history. The role of the particular historical and public figures (namely, the head of the Board of trustees of the public university S. Vainerova, the heads of the City Council of Mariupol I. Popov and O. Levytskyi, the member of Mariupol public executive committee I. Kovalenko and others) is considered on the methodological bases of historical anthropology. The elements of history, social and cultural studies are combined in the article according to the interdisciplinary approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the current socio-economic situation in China, analyzes the process of economic development of the country in the context of historical and political processes of the past, including those that took place in the country during the second half of XX century and the first decades of the current century. The reasons for the success of economic reforms in China, which led to the social modernization of the country and turned it into a powerful economic state, are revealed in the article. Since China’s accession to the WTO in 2001, the leadership of China, realizing the benefits of free trade and openness policy, is actively offering the world new ideas and projects that should contribute to the harmonization of international economic relations and sustainable global development, strengthening China’s positions in the world. The idea of “One Belt, One Road”, proposed by the President of People’s Republic of China Xi Jinping in 2010, was positively received by the world community. Developing this concept, in 2013 the Chinese leader proposed the new projects to implement the idea of “One Belt, One Road”. In particular, these were two large-scale projects: the “Silk Road Economic Belt” and “XXI century Maritime Silk Road”. The projects are aimed at building the new trans-Eurasian economic corridors and new sea routes, which should expand China’s ability to interact with other countries and strengthen its presence around the world. Considerable attention in the article has also been paid to the analysis of the results and prospects of Ukrainian-Chinese cooperation over the past 25 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations, which have been transformed into a strategic partnership. The paper presents the importance and role of the active involvement of Ukraine in such a global project as the concept of “One Belt, One Road”, which would allow the realization of the geopolitical, scientific, technical, intellectual and economic potential of Ukraine on a fuller scale. The deepening of cooperation between Ukraine and China would lead two sides on the path of sustainable, long-term development and would contribute to the prosperity of the two countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coverage of active members’ performance of the Ukrainian National Revolution is a crucial task for the modern historical science. Tymisch Olesiuk, native of Pidliaschia who continued his work in emigration, was one of the most consistent participants of a struggle for independent Ukrainian state and had proved himself at that time. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the main pages of Tymosh Olesiuk’s life and work, the name of whose is predominantly unknown in independent Ukraine, based on the modern methods and studies, introducing the new documents in scientific usage. Having elected to be a member of the Central Council of Ukraine at the age of 22, Tymisch Olesiuk prepared the documents for the UPR to the peace negotiations in Brest as well as protected with arms the young Ukrainian state on the streets of Kyiv in January 1918, and later participated into educational institutions’ organization on the north-western Ukrainian lands, was a secretary of a diplomatic mission of the UPR in Poland in preparing the Warsaw Treaty in April 1920. Tymisch Olesiuk organized the Ukrainian students in Poland on behalf of Symon Petliura the Head of the Directory of the UPR after the defeat in national liberation struggle; simultaneously he studied different aspects of Ukrainian settlement in the world. From the beginning of the Second World War he actively participated in the Ukrainian national self-government in German-occupied Poland, maintained close contacts with the President of the UPR in exile Andriy Livytskyi. Tymisch Olesiuk as the member of the UPR’s Government made a lot of efforts for Ukrainian life organization in post-war Europe at the end of the Second World War. He moved to the USA in 1947 where he had physical work to earn a living, later he had medical practice and actively participated in civil and political life of the Ukrainian emigration in parallel. Particularly, he was an adviser of the publisher of “The Encyclopedia of Ukrainian Studies” Volodymyr Kubijovych at the time of significant articles’ preparation regarding that project as well as he eagerly responded to the authors’ requests to review their articles on the subject of Ukrainian studies. He was the author of such scientific studies as “Social and Political Unification of the Ukrainian Nation”, “Race Nature of the Ukrainian Nation”, “Unification of Ukrainian Blood”, “Map of United Ukraine and Neighboring Friendly Countries”, “Ukrainian Colonial Lands”, “Polissia”, “Pidliaschia”, “About the Origins of the Slavs”, “The west-European and Asian Cossacks”, etc., as well as memoirs “Kamianets - the Golden Wreath” regarding 1918-1919-s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the development and initial validation of the Loneliness Inventory for Christians (LIFC), a five-dimensional measure of loneliness. Using data from the sample of 302 believers of different Christian affiliations in Ukraine, analyses of the reliability, validity, and principle factor structure of this preliminary version of the 5-dimensional loneliness measurement were conducted. The results from principal components analyses support the multi-dimensional conceptualization of loneliness, which perceive loneliness as a complex phenomenon reflected in social, intimate, cultural, existential, and spiritual life of an individual. Examination results of the LIFC's relationship to the other criteria such as: UCLA-3 Loneliness Scale, Attachment Relationships Questionnaire (RQ) and the Attachment to God Inventory (AGI) indicated that the LIFC was quite reliable, both in terms of internal consistency (coefficient α Cronbach ranging from .78 - .80), concurrent, and discriminant validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An issue about the Polish underground activity under the circumstances of the occupation regimes in Western Ukraine is considered in the paper. Particularly, the archive criminal case № P-30031 from the fund of the Security Service of Ukraine in Lviv region about the conviction by the Russian authorities of 14 members from the headquarters of the Polish underground "A Union of Armed Struggle" has been published and analyzed for the first time. Prior to this, the course of the war between Poland and Germany on September 1st-28th 1939 is briefly characterized; an arrival of the Soviet army and army of the repressive forces is depicted. The autonomous endeavors of the Polish patriots to organize the underground military organizations for the struggle with the occupants in Lviv at the end of 1939 - at the beginning of the 1941 are described. The efforts of the Polish emigration government to organize the underground struggle against the occupants throughout the territory of former Rzeczpospolita II are confirmed. A detailed characteristic of "A Union of Armed Struggle" is given where the command staff, its quantity, a level of armament and the general readiness for the armed rebellion are presented. "The case of fourteen" members of the Union is highlighted, the behavior of police officials, detectives, judges, the officials from the cassation authorities and the Supreme Legislative Bodies of Soviet Ukraine and the USSR regarding to the defendants is considered. The authors have come to a following conclusion: despite the scale and detailed plans of the emigration government and the Polish underground organizations directed to the renewal of Poland according to the borders of 1939, the lack of state, insufficient quantity of weapons, material and financial resources for the struggle had led to the quick revelation and subsequent arrest of UAS leaders, that was one of the biggest underground organization. The analysis of the criminal, control and personal cases of UAS members has depicted the tragic fate of the Polish military underground in Lviv in 1939-1941-s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of changes in the spiritual-ecclesiastical and religious dimensions of Ukraine over the last quarter of a century testifies to a clear tendency towards self-determination and institutionalisation of the Orthodox community. The first half of the twentieth century became one of the stages of the movement for the creation of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church. A special place in the mentioned events had the figure of Metropolitan Polikarp (Sikorskyi). In 1922, a former associate of the Kyiv Spiritual Consistory and the Ministry of Religions of the Government of the Ukrainian People's Republic, Petro Sikorskyi, found himself in Western Volyn, a part of the Second Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth. After his tonsure, Polikarp (Sykorskyi) headed the Derman monastery, and soon afterwards - the Miletsky monastery. At Miletsky Monastery, the hieromonk Polikarp used every opportunity he could to Ukrainize the life of the monastic community. At the beginning of 1923 Polikarp (Sikorskyi) was a Dean of the monasteries of the Volyn Diocese. It was important for Polikarp (Sikorskyi) to participate in the work of the Volyn Diocesan Congress of 1923, where he presided. The decisions of congress provided a formal basis for the Ukrainianization of church services. Delegates voted for the return of the Ukrainian language to divine service and the preparation of liturgical texts in Ukrainian. In the first half of 1923 Archimandrite Polikarp (Sikorskyi) was already a rector of the Zagayat Monastery. Here he focused, among other things, on the de-Russification of the divine services and the whole rhythm of the brethren's spiritual life. Polish police closely followed the archimandrite and claimed that Sikorskiy had turned the monastery into a hotbed of Ukrainian agitation. Not only the Polish police concerned itself with Archimandrite Polikarp (Sikorskiy's) views on the matters of religion and statehood. The representatives of the Russian ecclesiastical and political circles did, too. In October of 1923 by the respective decree, the head of the Church transferred P. Sikorskiy to Vilnius. The intensification of Ukraine's movement for the national and religious independence led to the appointment of Archimandrite Polikarp (Sikorskyi) to the posts of a rector of the cathedral and a dean of a municipality in Volodymyr in the spring of 1926. At that time, a conflict between the pro-Moscow priests and the Ukrainian community led by Arseni Richinsky intensified in the city. Polikarp (Sikorskyi) managed to satisfy the demands of the Ukrainians, but in early 1927 he was transferred to the Zhyrovichi Monastery. Nevertheless, Archimandrite Polikarp (Sikorskyi) remained one of the leaders and a symbolic figure in Ukraine's movement for the national and religious independence in Volyn. This was also confirmed by the Lutsk Church Congress of 1927 and other events in the life of the Orthodox Church of Poland. The other vector of Archimandrite Polikarp's contacts pointed to the UPR circles. Polikarp (Sikorskyi) maintained a dialogue with the UPR leader in exile, Andriy Livitsky. All these circumstances led to the ordainment of Polikarp (Sikorskyi) to the Bishop of Lutsk in 1932. The paper that follows publishes for the first time the unknown facts and certain aspects of Metropolitan's life, of which our knowledge is limited. The article also analyzes the Metropolitan's contribution to the Ukrainizationo of the Church of Volhynia in the interwar period. The purpose of the study is to investigate the extent of Polikarp (Sikorskiy's) Ukrainianizational activities in Volhynia and his impact on social and religious processes. From this goal, the following tasks arise: to evaluate the contribution of Polikarp (Sikorskiy) to the Ukrainianization of Church and religious life of Orthodox community of Poland in the interwar period; to show the extent of the influence of the bishop's figure on the achievements of the movement for the national and religious independence of Volyn in the interwar period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New attention towards the ancient Church chant is especially on time in today's Ukraine, where the renewed autocephalous Church is entering the global Christian community, looking back at its own historical and liturgical roots and trying to overcome the stereotypes about its tradition. The present article deals with the myths of different Christian musical traditions concerning themselves and their neighbors. Such myths implicitly express the yearning for the lost unity of the Church and condemn the Other for this loss. Hence they continue the dogmatic polemics in the domain of aesthetics. As we have demonstrated, such myths were constructed by the 19th-20th centuries historiographies of Church chant as an ideological impetus for the renewal of the relevant traditions. However "positive" mythologization of one's own chanting tradition, firstly, retouched those dimensions of its image that were underestimated at that time, and secondly, often denigrated the neighbor traditions. So, the one-sidedness of such mythologization has provoked some modern cantors to engage into the joint reconstruction of authentic history of music together with their foreign colleagues. In this paper such collegial reconstructions - theoretical as well as practical - were for the first time assessed as an important dimension of interconfessional and interchurch dialogue. As we tried to show, they are not less necessary than the discussions in dogmatic field and their fruits are much more powerful than any "musical Esperanto" of popular Christian hymns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the problem of occupational injuries in the daily life of the workers of the metallurgical industry of Ukraine in the late XIX and early XX centuries. During this period, the tendency to increase the level of occupational injuries among Ukrainian metallurgists dominated. The analysis of accidents statistics at the mining enterprises showed 3 spikes of occupational injuries: 1897-1899, 1900 and 1904. This can be explained, first, by the opening of new enterprises, which led to an increase in the number of employees, and secondly, the adoption of new legislative acts, which regulated the complete registration of all accidents at industrial enterprises. The analysis of the periodicals in the early of the XX century, reports of physicians and official statistical sources helped to comprehensively analyze the main causes and types of occupational injuries. The nature of the injuries was varied. Most of them occurred due to falling or striking heavy objects. Burns and injuries due to faulty equipment were one of the most common causes of injury in the workplace. For example, in 1901, every 38-th employee suffered from a fall or strike with a heavy subject, every 114-th of the burns, and every 127-th was injured due to defective equipment at the metallurgical plant. Complex production processes at the new metallurgical enterprises, exhausting working conditions, inexperience, inattention of newly-arrived workers and neglect of their safety rules were the main causes of accidents at metallurgical plants of Ukraine in the late XIX and early XX centuries. The issue of medical care for Ukrainian metallurgists is inextricably linked with the theme of work. In order to regulate medical assistance, the government in 1866 adopted a resolution obliging business owner to take measures for timely medical care. The factories opened hospitals. This has had a positive impact on providing first aid to the victims and their further treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article contains the results of a scientometric assessment of the current state of scientific migration processes in Ukraine. Their features and main trends were identified, methodical approaches to their fixation and consolidation of the obtained data in national bibliometric systems were formed using methods of source studies and analysis of scientific publications on the researched topic, as well as methods of statistical, comparative and structural analysis. The sources of data for the research were the international multi-subject databases of scientific publications, Web of Science, Scopus, as well as the multidisciplinary registrar of unique scientific identifiers ORCID, the Scopus SCImago Journal & Country Rank indicator (for evaluating the scientific weight of publications) and the information-analytical system "Bibliometrics of Ukrainian science". The authors found that the phenomenon of scientific migration is constantly present in all periods of Ukraine's existence, and one of its consequences is the decline of the country's intellectual potential, marked by the deterioration of scientometric indicators of the activity of domestic science. At the same time, the positive consequences of intellectual migration have also been recorded, in particular, the conduct of scientific research in the conditions of emigration, which could not be carried out in the scientist's homeland, the increase in the knowledge of Ukrainian scientists and their demand, stimulation of the development of science in general. When analyzing the functionality of bibliometric and scientometric databases for monitoring changes in the affiliations of domestic scientists, the advantages of the ORCID registry as a source database for conducting scientometric studies of migration processes were revealed. The concept of a general approach to recording and evaluating the phenomenon of scientific migration of domestic scientists by national bibliometric systems is proposed, which should involve a combination of the citation-numerological scientometric approach with expert conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Skhid is the property of Ukrainian Center for Cultural Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The dynamics of changes in the spiritual-ecclesiastical and religious dimensions of Ukraine over the last quarter of a century testifies to a clear tendency towards self-determination and institutionalisation of the Orthodox community. The first half of the twentieth century became one of the stages of the movement for the creation of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church. A special place in the mentioned events had the figure of Metropolitan Polikarp (Sikorskyi). In 1922, a former associate of the Kyiv Spiritual Consistory and the Ministry of Religions of the Government of the Ukrainian People's Republic, Petro Sikorskyi, found himself in Western Volyn, a part of the Second Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth. After his tonsure, Polikarp (Sykorskyi) headed the Derman monastery, and soon afterwards - the Miletsky monastery. At Miletsky Monastery, the hieromonk Polikarp used every opportunity he could to Ukrainize the life of the monastic community. At the beginning of 1923 Polikarp (Sikorskyi) was a Dean of the monasteries of the Volyn Diocese. It was important for Polikarp (Sikorskyi) to participate in the work of the Volyn Diocesan Congress of 1923, where he presided. The decisions of congress provided a formal basis for the Ukrainianization of church services. Delegates voted for the return of the Ukrainian language to divine service and the preparation of liturgical texts in Ukrainian. In the first half of 1923 Archimandrite Polikarp (Sikorskyi) was already a rector of the Zagayat Monastery. Here he focused, among other things, on the de-Russification of the divine services and the whole rhythm of the brethren's spiritual life. Polish police closely followed the archimandrite and claimed that Sikorskiy had turned the monastery into a hotbed of Ukrainian agitation. Not only the Polish police concerned itself with Archimandrite Polikarp (Sikorskiy's) views on the matters of religion and statehood. The representatives of the Russian ecclesiastical and political circles did, too. In October of 1923 by the respective decree, the head of the Church transferred P. Sikorskiy to Vilnius. The intensification of Ukraine's movement for the national and religious independence led to the appointment of Archimandrite Polikarp (Sikorskyi) to the posts of a rector of the cathedral and a dean of a municipality in Volodymyr in the spring of 1926. At that time, a conflict between the pro-Moscow priests and the Ukrainian community led by Arseni Richinsky intensified in the city. Polikarp (Sikorskyi) managed to satisfy the demands of the Ukrainians, but in early 1927 he was transferred to the Zhyrovichi Monastery. Nevertheless, Archimandrite Polikarp (Sikorskyi) remained one of the leaders and a symbolic figure in Ukraine's movement for the national and religious independence in Volyn. This was also confirmed by the Lutsk Church Congress of 1927 and other events in the life of the Orthodox Church of Poland. The other vector of Archimandrite Polikarp's contacts pointed to the UPR circles. Polikarp (Sikorskyi) maintained a dialogue with the UPR leader in exile, Andriy Livitsky. All these circumstances led to the ordainment of Polikarp (Sikorskyi) to the Bishop of Lutsk in 1932. The paper that follows publishes for the first time the unknown facts and certain aspects of Metropolitan's life, of which our knowledge is limited. The article also analyzes the Metropolitan's contribution to the Ukrainizationo of the Church of Volhynia in the interwar period. The purpose of the study is to investigate the extent of Polikarp (Sikorskiy's) Ukrainianizational activities in Volhynia and his impact on social and religious processes. From this goal, the following tasks arise: to evaluate the contribution of Polikarp (Sikorskiy) to the Ukrainianization of Church and religious life of Orthodox community of Poland in the interwar period; to show the extent of the influence of the bishop's figure on the achievements of the movement for the national and religious independence of Volyn in the interwar period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the Holodomor national tragedy of 1932-1933 in the context of the reaction to it by the population of neighboring Ukraine and more distant countries, as well as international organizations. It is emphasized that the Holodomor was a deliberate action of the communist authorities against the Ukrainian peasantry as a source of disobedience to the authorities and national resistance. It is shown that despite the efforts of the Bolshevik government to hide the glaring facts of the famine and the conformist support of the majority of foreign journalists accredited in the USSR, this information still received publicity in the world thanks to individual journalists of influential British newspapers and the work of foreign embassies and consulates in the USSR. It provoked a civil wave of help in various countries, but did not cause official condemnation of the Bolshevik policy by the member states of the League of Nations and the Catholic Church as an influential player in the international politics of the time. The role of public organizations and the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in the organization of assistance to illegal refugees from Ukraine and protest movements condemning the policy of the USSR towards Ukrainian peasants is considered. It was concluded that the first and subsequent recognitions of the Holodomor of 1932-1933 in Ukraine as genocide at the level of influential countries and international organizations, as well as the criminal proceedings carried out in Ukraine on the fact of committing the crime of genocide of 1932-1933 in Ukraine as a crime against humanity permit modern Ukrainians not only to consolidate the memory of the Holodomor as a significant historical narrative for the entire society, but also to re-understand this traumatic experience, renewing the nation and its values and outlook guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the example of the Jehovah's Witnesses (JW) religious organization, the authors analyze the situation for representatives of religious minorities in Ukraine in connection with the Russia-Ukraine's war. Being institutions that, even in peacetime, occupying a non-dominant position in the structure of the religious life of Ukraine, religious minorities suffer the most from the war and its consequences compared to the majority religions. The purpose of the article is to clarify the scale of resource losses (human, material, moral), the nature of the religious minorities representatives' activities (in this case, the JW) and the possibilities of preserving and revitalizing the activities of their communities. As a result of the study, the authors came to conclusions that can be considered a certain novelty: the war accelerated the processes of civil and national identification, strengthened people in their faith, and intensified socially useful and humanitarian assistance to the needy from religious minorities. The vast majority of communities took a distinctly patriotic position, contributing in various ways to the victory of Ukraine in the war and the establishment of a stable and just peace. At the same time, the authors predict that Ukraine after the war may be threatened with a decrease in religious pluralism due to the impossibility of reviving the activities of some small religious groups, which will not be able to return to their pre-war usual life, even if the conditions of latitude and state guarantees of human rights are preserved in the religious sphere and their communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the specifics of the relationship between religion and law in modern conditions. The nature of the influence of globalization/glocalization transformations on the phenomena of religion and law is revealed, and the current vector of their interrelationship, the guarantee and provision of the realization of religious rights and freedoms, is established. The peculiarities of the relationship between the norms of international, European and national law and their role in ensuring and protecting religious rights and freedoms are clarified. It has been established that the recognition of democracy as a key form of organization of modern societies contributes to the implementation of effective legal tools for guarantees, ensuring the implementation and protection of religious rights and freedoms, and restoring the value of the religious-legal connection. In this context, problematic issues were considered: defining the limits of religious rights and freedoms; resolution of religious rights conflicts; restoring the value of religious rights and freedoms; correlations of individual and collective religious rights and freedoms; guarantees and provision of religious rights and freedoms of minorities; correlations of national and international law of religious rights and freedoms; restoring the value of religious rights and freedoms. Organizational, normative, procedural and other obstacles that prevent the solution of these problems in Ukraine are identified: a) external (full-scale war with the Russian Federation); b) internal (insufficient institutional capacity of executive authorities; low level of effectiveness of judicial branch reform; high level of corruption; politicization of the legal space and the preference of political expediency and populist slogans over the rule of law and the rule of law; conflicts of legislation, etc. It has been established that overcoming these obstacles and solving the outlined problematic issues at different levels of the legal field (international, European, nationwide (Ukrainian)) will determine the establishment of inter-church dialogue and dialogue between the state and the church, which would be based on the principles of tolerance, mutual respect, understanding, observance of freedom of conscience and the right to choose, which will contribute to the democratic progress of Ukraine and its entry into the European family of nations with equal and full rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the changes that have taken place in religious life in Ukraine since the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian war. In particular, it describes how the unlawful forceful occupation of the territory of a sovereign state has led to the restructuring of the Ukrainian confessional landscape and mass migration of Ukrainian confessionals of different faiths. Based on data from open sources, the authors present the position of the most influential confessions in Ukraine and their leaders on the Russian-Ukrainian war. The authors prove that the war-affected intensification of the identification processes in the religious segment of Ukrainian society has affected state-confessional relations in the country, and now society needs clear, consolidating messages from the state more than ever. The recommendations provided by the authors determine that the state and religious organisations ought to dynamically strengthen their partnership, develop new forms of relations, and jointly preserve religious pluralism and freedom of religion. The issues of state re-registration of all religious structures of Ukraine, including their social characteristics and the nature of relations with foreign religious centres, and creating a public Scientific Expert Council on security in the humanitarian sphere are also being considered. In order to protect the national information and spiritual environment, the state initiated the study of confessional periodicals of Ukraine and printed materials imported from abroad for distribution among Ukrainian religious believers. The state, according to the authors of the article, has to initiate amendments to the current Law on Freedom of Conscience and Religious Organisations that exercises the principle of religious separation of the church from the state and school, as well as the establishment of penalties for religious activities that harm the national and state security of the Ukrainian people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is dedicated to understanding uncertainty as a state in which social systems exist in crisis conditions. Today, the need to conduct scientific research to determine the factors and ways that can overcome the state of uncertainty and lead to stabilization is extremely urgent. As an illustration of such phenomena, the system of higher education was chosen, which underwent significant systemic transformations and changes in the daily behavioral practices of various subjects of the educational process in the crisis conditions of the COVI D-19 pandemic. The main idea of the article is based on an attempt to record changes in the educational environment in conditions of social uncertainty, to study changes in established behavioral practices of social subjects and the emergence of qualitatively new phenomena that will require further study. Based on empirical research, the authors identify the factors that contribute to the transition of the education system from a state of crisis to a certain stabilization. Such factors include innovative and technological factors (adaptation of the educational environment with the help of various technological support), mental adaptation to unusual everyday practices (remote learning, new forms of communication, increased psycho-emotional stress, etc.). Factors that have a partially destabilizing nature and exacerbate uncertainties are recorded: the difficulty of identifying students, problems in making socially adequate management decisions at the organizational level, limitations of compensatory mechanisms for adaptation of social subjects to a state of uncertainty. The need for scientific research to study the impact of social and technological innovations on the stabilization of social systems, in particular the system of higher education, is being updated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reconstructs the everyday life of urban dwellers during the revolution and civil war of 1917-1920 in Ukraine. Average people include representatives of different social groups of the urban population, united by the desire to ensure their own survival by adapting to changing political and economic realities. The main models of daily practices common at that time are considered, which include a change in appearance, the use of fake documents, maximum isolation, previously unusual activities, as well as masking genuine activities in case of their forbidden nature. Appearance changed mainly by abandoning the usual clothes which made it possible to determine the social status of its wearer. The registration of all kinds of certificates transferred their owners to the “socially close” groups of the new government, and was intended to save them from various persecutions. Isolation was achieved either by a regular change of place of residence, or by the complete avoidance of any contact. The greatest ability to externally reformat their former employment was demonstrated by professional traders who tried to remain faithful to their usual business, despite all the new restrictions. The author revealed that a characteristic feature of the life of specialists who had professions in demand under any government was the long-term preservation of their usual way of life, home comfort and contentment. The specific features of the general socio-anthropological crisis of this period have been established. Separately, the article discusses the practice of mental relaxation of citizens to preserve their illusory "small world", creating a simulation of a forever lost way of life around themselves or in the immediate environment. The author showed the consequences of applying such practices. The study of historical experience associated with periods of social uncertainty is relevant since real politics should consider the peculiarities of citizens' everyday behavior, which are mainly identical to the practices of the last century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the authors' previous studies of the state phenomenon with the status of "weak state" and signs of this type of political system, Ukraine was considered a vivid example of a state of this type. However, since the beginning of Russian military intervention in Ukraine on February 24, 2022, we have witnessed the rapid transition of the Ukrainian state and political system from weak state status to a powerful one. In this study, the authors consider differences in the definitions of "powerful" and "strong" states and prove that Ukraine, having left the ranks of weak states, has not yet acquired the status of a strong state, but has the signs of a powerful one. It is also noted that the conditions and terms of such a transit of the state and political system are unique. In the authors' opinion, three main requisites of the fast transit of Ukraine to the status of a powerful state have been substantiated: the presence of a strong political leader and a particular mentality of the Ukrainian people. The research by Guillermo O'Donneland Philip Schmitter with their idea of the resocialization of citizens, i.e., adoption and assimilation of new democratic values, norms, and behavior models by the population of the state as an essential factor in obtaining durability and democracy by the state, served as the methodological basis for choosing these categorical characteristics. Furthermore, therole of the "aggressive neighbor" factor in acquiring a new status by a political agent has also been substantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the history of mankind, the most difficult task has always been and remains the maintenance of society and social life in an orderly, balanced and dynamic state of optimal viability. The depressing regularity of social cataclysms, wars, crises, and local conflicts convincingly testifies to the extreme complexity of this task. Such complexity, however, does not negate the need and importance of scientific support for the analysis of the causes of specific bifurcation points in the societies’ evolution and the development of new theoretical and empirical approaches to the study of their consequences, renaissances and transformations. The purpose of this article is to enrich (perhaps deepen) the modern vision of the categories of spatial and temporal transit of states in the context of a full-scale war in the heart of Europe by means of a detailed depiction of potential vectors of its direction within the framework of carefully chosen situational analytical optics. The methodological toolkit of this study is shaped by a synergistic approach, which allows considering transition in its development in space and time depending on attractors. The principle of retrospective analysis and extrapolation makes it possible to draw parallels to confirm the predictions and avoid the gap between theory and reality. The research highlights that in conditions of russian aggression against Ukraine the concept of transition has a clearly expressed spatial and temporal determinism and affects a number of spheres that are undergoing the greatest transformations. Within the analysis of the reformatting of specific spheres, which is now based on the nature of responding to the extreme challenge of time, this study offers a binary overview of supranational (regional) and national trends. Reconstructing the post-war agenda, it was found that security, military, humanitarian and migration policies are undergoing the biggest changes, as well as their consequences for individual states and the EU as a whole, This article may contain forecasts and provisions that can cause discussions, but taking into account that the war is not stopped yet and the variability of the development of events, it allows to go beyond the traditional discourse of transit, provoking the exit of scientific research to a qualitatively new level of theoretical reflection of the emanation of nowadays transformational challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of various interpretations of the legacy of Volodymyr Shynkaruk is caused not only by the texts of the classic of modern Ukrainian philosopher and facts from the history of philosophical thought development in Ukraine in the second half of the 20th century, but also by the struggle of various narratives that already exist or are offered by philosophers to tell about the fate of philosophy in Kyiv in Soviet and post-Soviet times. The discussion about the identity of Volodymyr Shynkaruk's philosophy arose in the late 1990s and early 2000s in connection with the publication by V.H. Tabachkovskyi of a number of articles and chapters in books devoted to the interpretation of the figure of V. Shynkaruk as the founder of the Kyiv anthropological school. Vitalii Tabachkovskyi tried to substantiate and reveal a certain narrative about the Kyiv Philosophical School as the central mainstream in the philosophical sixties, as well as a narrative about the phenomenon of philosophical sixties as a kind of manifestation of liberalism and dissidence regarding the official ideology and philosophy. Many distortions of the true meaning of the texts of Kyiv philosophers occurred through reading them not in their own context and meanings, but through guessing what similar philosophical concepts are in world thought. Vitalii Tabachkovskyi's method of analogies and his attempts to look at Volodymyr Shynkaruk's work through the prism of analogies with modern trends develop in his book and many articles. Despite the desire to positively accept Vitalii Tabachkovskyi's reasoning about Volodymyr Shynkaruk's philosophical views, we cannot do this, as his reflections at certain points obviously contradict Volodymyr Shynkaruk's texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the framework of cooperation of the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University with Protestant seminaries and their associations, more than ten defenses of dissertations on Pentecostalism took place. These defenses prove that Pentecostal theologians were able to overcome the closed nature of their own tradition to the development of theology. The ideological leadership of Protestant theology in Ukraine, especially Pentecostal theology, became possible due to the assimilation and development of the best methodological achievements of Western theology of the beginning of the 21st century. Ukrainian Pentecostal theologians actively use the methodology of theological hermeneutics, taking into account the achievements of post-liberal and postconservative Western theology, modern biblical studies, mission theology and eschatology. The central point for the entire methodology was the recognition of the narrative character of the religious ideology. The analysis of narratives is complemented by the research of key narrative concepts, the research of the interaction of narrative theology and other post-metaphysical methodologies. The vision of the history of Christianity and the history of theology as processes characterized by periodic paradigm shifts allows us to conceptualize narratives and then create new narratives about these stories and about the prospects of both Christianity and theology. A particularly great achievement is the systematic presentation of the history of the Pentecostal movement as the history of communities that have special narratives, cultivate special virtues, and use special narrative concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During World War II, anti-Semitism reached its highest level of cruelty, especially in the occupied territories of Ukraine. The article revealed the German occupation policy, which adhered to the principle of conflict creation between different peoples and ethnic groups, who inhabited the Reich Commissariat “Ukraine” and the area of military administration. The article also covered the periodicals, leaflets, caricatures, all kinds of proclamations, propaganda campaigns as means of anti-Semitic propaganda were aimed at creating a terrible image of the Jew. The most widespread in Nazi propaganda was the accusation of Jews of crimes by the Bolshevik Stalinist regime. It has been proven that the open call for the extermination of Jews as bearers of Bolshevik ideology and practice was made through Nazi propaganda. It was found that the influence of Nazi propaganda on the population of the occupied territories was huge, which forced the Soviet troops to intensify their own propaganda after returning to their territories. In general, German agitation and propaganda activities played a significant role in advancing the Nazi army deep into the USSR, but the inconsistent policy of the German occupation authorities undermined the information principles it had created. The Nazi occupation policy led to the total annihilation of the Jewish people in the occupied territories of Ukraine. The moral and psychological condition of the population of the occupied territories was extremely difficult, people no longer believed that the German authorities would fulfill the promises they had mentioned in their propaganda. The political forces of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union used the most modern methods and means of influencing the population of opposing and military opponents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is devoted to the self-identification of precariat representatives. The study on the identity is relevant due to the fact that for precariat, which lives in total instability and uncertainty, such factor of stabilization is much more important than for other social groups. The purpose of the article is to delineate self-identification features of precariat representatives. A cross-methodological approach has been used to achieve this purpose, including: systemic, comparative methods; method of synthesis and generalization of materials presented in the scientific literature on the researched problem. The main defining characteristics of precariat have been disclosed, including the lack of the work-based and occupational identity. It is concluded that the lack of work-based and occupational identity makes it more difficult to form a class consciousness of precariat, which, in turn, impedes the establishment of precariat as a “classfor- itself”. Nowadays, the formation of identity is often replaced with self-branding. Selfbranding, however, does not contribute to the formation of stable self-identification that may be helpful in stabilization of social positions and removal of instability and uncertainty. It often leads to replacing people with things they buy and money they earn instead of identification with certain profession. The formation of precariat representatives’ self-identification is important to remove the uncertainty and instability, thus, to solve the problems of anxiety inherent in precariat. The studies on this problem can influence the economic and political spheres. The following studies on self-identification of precariat representatives in Ukraine is also relevant because it can help to understand the specificity of this class and its manifestations in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on two things: the main difference between Critical thinking and Logic as the academic subjects and between Critical thinking and Logical thinking as two somehow similar, but nevertheless, diverse ways of rational thinking. The author stands that the false association of these two thinking manners influence on how both disciplines are taught. Unfortunately, in Ukraine, Critical thinking is neglected. Often Ukrainian universities replace it with some courses on Formal and Informal Logic. Furthermore, the existing Ukrainian manuals on Critical thinking are all devoted only to the logical issues. Although Logic can give some significant and useful tools, the author emphasizes that it is not sufficient for the correct usage of Critical thinking. Therefore, the author analyzes the main characteristics of Critical and Logical thinking. Using the table method, the authors indicate which features both thinking manners have in common and which are different for them. This table of comparison clearly demonstrates that Critical thinking and Logical thinking are not the same. Moreover, the author shows the roots of the established terminological misunderstanding in human society by studying the history of two subjects: Critical thinking and Informal Logic. Western science had already divided these disciplines and identified the main priorities and challenges for each. However, in Ukraine, we still have some “separation problems”, because of the glossary absence and the false association of two ways of rational thinking. To prove the declared similarity wrong the author studies two recently widespread fake news about COVID-19. The author debunks both COVID-myths by using different means given by Logic and Critical thinking showing that both of them can be used independently one of each other. The author stands that Critical Thinking is a very important skill, especially, during a pandemic time. Therefore, it is extremely important that it is taught and used in the correct manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The life of the Ukrainian nobility within the realities of the middle of the 19th century via the analysis of the communicative strategies is presented in the article. The consideration of the family correspondence has permitted to reconstruct the complicated network of social and cultural connections of the regional elite, whose representatives realized different range of ideological and behavioral objectives. The resourceful base of the article was a complex of letters from Galagan's family archive - a noble family that had origins in Cossacks' officers. The choice of the sources was determined by the following reasons. Firstly, the family of Galagan maintained close contacts with the regional nobility and simultaneously, established the new with the imperial authorities according to the marriage strategies during 18th-19th centuries. Secondly, the perfectly preserved archive provides the important material for communicative strategies' study on the base of correspondence. This fact permits to understand the work of social mechanisms affected on the landowners' life of Left-bank Ukraine during the middle of the 19th century. The aim of the article is to consider communicative strategies of the Ukrainian elite on the base of the family correspondence from Galagan's archive during the second half of 1840-s to the middle of 1860-s. The communicative scenarios of the nobility of Left-bank Ukraine in the connections with the local authority and imperial center, landowners and peasants, groups of relatives within the noble community have been studied. The documents consideration provided an opportunity to know the reaction of the Ukrainian nobility to the events of 1840-1860-s: the actions of the imperial government during the reign of the emperors Mykola I and Oleksandr II regarding Ukraine, the Crimean War, the Peasant reform of 1861 and consequences of its implementation on the Ukrainian lands. The research results have developed the presentation of the Ukrainian society in space and time of the 19th century. The article is based on the original author's conception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article gives an analysis of different socio-economic, legal-organizational, info-educational, technical and technological aspects of waste treatment, and also the most used models and instruments in the realm of municipal waste management, applicable in the civilized world. A special attention is paid to the main imperfections of the existing waste treatment system in Ukraine and other countries. A comparative method helps to understand the differences, and the crucial problems in waste processing models used in developed and developing countries, in order to make necessary corrections to environmental policy, with implementation of new social-ecological, psychological, legal and economic incentives. A study of the successful waste-reducing and utilization experience of some countries gives a reason to conclude, that their governments and local authorities have created not only the expedient infrastructure for recycling, but also a proper moral-ethical background in the municipal waste management. As we hope, the most significant tools and methods of mentioned environmental policy have been unfolded in this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is dedicated to the reconstruction of national historical narratives in light of national stamp publishing. The research is based on the study of the pictorial aspect of the postage stamps of the Ukrainian People's Republic in 1918-1920 as an expression of state policy towards the development of the national postal service that played an important role in the process of statebuilding. The diachronic analysis method gives an opportunity to study the process of transformation of postage stamps from the philatelic material to the state of cultural and historical monument. Analytical study of catalogued postage stamps with the general narrative of the past state postal structure of the Ukrainian People's Republic is defined as the Ukrainian philatelic heritage. Postage stamps as an element of the statehood of Ukraine in the first half of the twentieth century formed the basis of modern national stamp publishing in contemporary narrative of historical memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ukrainian historiographical narrative of the religious and church place and role in the Ukrainian national and cultural Renaissance, and in the national liberation movement in the second half of the 19th and the first third of the 20th century is analyzed in the issue. The modern historians consider the ecclesiastical and religious factors of the Ukrainian Renaissance according to two levels. The first level reveals the history of religious thought, the representatives of which study the religious reflections of the prominent figures in culture, education, religion and literature, the second level conveys the history of the church life in Ukraine, the analysis of the church institutes' role and place in the Ukrainian modern national and cultural Renaissance (the activity of UGCC, the Unification Council of the Eastern Orthodox Churches of Ukraine, the UAOC, etc.) is presented. A defined historiographical issue complies with the evolutional levels of a religious and ecclesiastical component in the modern spiritual, cultural, political and civil processes, namely the development of religious thought and institutional orientation of church and parish-based education in the second half of the 19th century contributed to the ecclesiastical and religious integration with the national democratic society and state establishment in the early 20th century. The scope of the church and religious activity on the Ukrainian lands had a moderate character in the second half of the 19th century compared to the first decades of the "long century". The Ukrainian lands were divided politically as well as confessional that strengthened sacral indifference and "religious absenteeism". The positive fact was that the modern historians had left politicization in the sacral and religious issues' consideration which was a mainstream in the Soviet period. The scientists support a common thought that despite an institutional weakness of the church and religious life on the Ukrainian lands in the second half of the 19th century, the religion and faith were preserved as the essential features of the Ukrainian mentality, and as a result plays a crucial role in the Ukrainian cultural and spiritual development, put a base for the further governmental struggle. A final conclusion was drawn that the religious thought development, the prominent thinkers' reflections about the Ukrainian Christianity and national church phenomena prepared the necessary conditions for the regularizing and further building of the Ukrainian church life in the beginning of the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Philosophy of religion is one of the most popular philosophical disciplines at Western and American universities. The concept "philosophy of religion" is also presented in Ukrainian educational system. Nevertheless the essence of the concept in Ukrainian and Western scientific environment is not identical. The exploration of the differences constitutes the relevance of the issue. The main research method is comparative analysis: the work is based on textbooks' analysis from philosophy of religion written in the West in comparison to the national works of religious studies. The main pioneering result reached in the issue is to highlight the conceptual differences of "philosophy of religion" in Ukrainian and Western scientific traditions. In Ukraine philosophy of religion is a philosophic discipline that studies a phenomenon of religion, as in Western and American scientific environment the subject of philosophy of religion is God. The presented difference in approaches depends on the difference of ideological bases. Soviet science of religious studies which dominated in Ukraine for the decades and has still remained impact on the most part of scientific environment was built on Marxist atheism and considered religion not according to human interrelationships with the Highest Being, but as a result of social relationships. In other words religion is a social phenomenon for Marxist religious studies, namely social generated reality. In the West, where philosophy of religion has never been in service to totalitarian ideology, God has remained a subject of the discipline. Western philosophy of religion is close to theology owing to the subject of study which is also explores God. The difference between them is in the research method: philosophy of religion explores God via intelligence, and theology via revelation. Western challenges of philosophy of religion are to explore God via human intelligence. The European tradition endeavors to separate knowledge about God that can be explored by human mind from the knowledge which is presented to human via revelation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The moral and ethical situation in Ukraine is considered in an issue in the light of analysis of the realities which characterize the modern social, cultural and spiritual reality. Having concluded that the main right of any person is a right to own dignity, an author highlights that the realization of respect for Other is a problem for modern Ukraine which demands an urgent solution. A characteristic of presented in Ukrainian's society systems of "deeds" and "choices" is provided in the issue for determination of the key research arguments. The systems give the essential meanings to "good" and "evil" definitions on the way of highlighting some axiological vectors for imbalance correction that characterize Ukrainian social, cultural and spiritual realities. The methodological coordinate system of an issue refers to the elements of Fr. Nietzsche's work which is used for reality peculiarities' definition, and to the ethical system of Christian guidelines which are noted for ideas' expressiveness under current tradition. An author appeals to Ch. Taylor's studies for a search of crucial ethical ideas, which are able to harmonize the relationships with Others within a country as well as beyond it. Due to the author a way of positive realities transformation (in moral, spiritual, social and civil directions) in Ukraine consists in deliberate wish to overcome the stereotypes of slave morality (when everyone is a "threat" for everybody) and change the system of actions depended on such type of morality. That required the true community work in a direction of national intellectual enrichment, national spiritual development according to the system of educational and cultural initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]