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Introduction We aim to determine if white matter hyperintensities and decreased brain volumes are associated with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), in a diverse sample of middle-aged and older Hispanic/Latino adults. Methods Our sample of 1,119 Hispanics/Latinos (ages older than 50-years; 70% female) from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as part of the Study of Latinos - Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging MRI (SOL-INCA MRI) ancillary study. MRI outcomes of interest included global (gray matter, total brain) and regional (lobar cortices, hippocampus) brain volumes, lateral ventricle volume, and total white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume. All MRI measures were residualized for total cranial volume. Our main exposure was visit-1 sleep data (2008-2011), which includes information about SDB defined with the respiratory event index 3% (REI), ≥5 and ≥15 (moderate-severe SDB) identified by home-sleep apnea test. Survey linear regression models to assess the association between sleep measures and MRI outcomes adjusted for age, sex, education, Hispanic/Latino background, body mass index, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and physical activity factors and accounted for HCHS/SOL complex study design. We tested for effect modifications by age, sex and Hispanic/Latino background. Results Mean age was 63.9±7.0 years. Adjusting for age, sex, and education, individuals with a REI ≥15 (vs. Conclusion In a diverse sample of Hispanic/Latinos, moderate-severe SDB was associated with decreased total brain volumes and increments in hippocampal volumes. Our findings suggest that SDB related neuroimaging markers of brain health could serve to identify Hispanic/Latino participants with sleep related Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia risk. Support (If Any) This work is supported by National Institute on Aging (R01AG048642, RF1AG054548, and R01AG063868) and by the National Heart Lung Blood Institute (R01HL098297). Dr. González also receives additional support from P30AG59299. The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos was carried out as a collaborative study supported by contracts from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) to the University of North Carolina (N01-philip glass beck HC65233), University of Miami (N01-HC65234), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (N01-HC65235), Northwestern University (N01-HC65236), and San Diego State University (N01-HC65237). The following Institutes/Centers/Offices contribute to the HCHS/SOL through a transfer of funds to the NHLBI: National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH Institution-Office of Dietary Supplements.

Introduction Long and short sleep have been associated with stroke and dementia. Sleep patterns may differ by sex and Hispanic/Latino background. Within Hispanics/Latinos heterogeneity in sleep outcomes exists and is understudied. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between sleep duration and MRI biomarkers of brain health. Methods SOL-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA) MRI study is an ongoing ancillary study of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Our analytic sample consisted of 1,103 adults 50-years and older from diverse Hispanics/Latino backgrounds that completed baseline sleep assessments (2008-2011) and underwent neuroimaging (2018-ongoing; Mean age 64 ±6.9 years). The main exposures were baseline self-reported average nightly sleep duration. Outcomes included brain volume measures residualized for cranial volume (e.g. total brain, hippocampal, and white matter hyperintensities). Brain outcomes were modeled, using regression techniques, as a function of sleep duration and adjusting for age, sex, education, Hispanic/Latino background, language use, self-reported cardiovascular events, BMI, depressive symptoms, Apena/Hypopena index and self-reported sleep quality. Results Mean sleep duration was 7.7 ± 1.36 hours, and 13.2% reported sleeping >9 hours. Increasing sleep duration was associated with smaller total brain (Btotal_brain -1.32 [-2.33 ; -0.32], p Conclusion We found that increments in sleep duration was associated with lower total brain volume and larger ventricle size, MRI measures that could associate with increased dementia-risk in diverse Hispanic/Latino adults. Support (If Any) This work is supported by National Institute on Aging (R01AG048642, RF1AG054548, and R01AG063868) and by the National Heart Lung Blood Institute (R01HL098297). Dr. González also receives additional support from P30AG59299. The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos was carried out as a collaborative study supported by contracts from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) to the University of North Carolina (N01-philip glass beck HC65233), University of Miami (N01-HC65234), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (N01-HC65235), Northwestern University (N01-HC65236), and San Diego State University (N01-HC65237). The following Institutes/Centers/Offices contribute to the HCHS/SOL through a transfer of funds to the NHLBI: National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH Institution-Office of Dietary Supplements.

Introduction Frailty, a multidimensional construct of decreased reserve is an important predictor of functional independence and quality of life in older adults. There is a growing body of evidence highlighting reduced sleep efficiency and sleep duration predicts frailty in older adults. However, the sex differences in these relationships have been understudied. Methods 253 participants (163) ranging in age from 50-92 years (mean= 67.59 years, S.D.= 9.22 years), underwent frailty assessment and completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Statistical moderation was assessed using nonparametric bootstrapping. All models statistically controlled for age, education and depression status. Results Higher scores on the PSQI predicted higher levels of fatigue (β=1.87, 95% CI= 0.48-3.27) and higher grip strength with the left hand (β= 0.81, 95% CI= 0.85-1.53). These relationships were significantly moderated by sex (β=-0.77, p=0.05 & β=-0.52, p=0.01). Specifically, high scores on the PSQI predicted more fatigue stronger grip strength in men (β=1.11, 95% CI=0.41-1.81) and weaker grip strength in women (β=-0.25, 95% CI=-0.51--0.02). There was no association between scores on the ESS and any of the frailty measures. Conclusion The relationships between PSQI scores and measures of fatigue and grip strength were statistically moderated by sex. These differences are not explained by sex differences in overall sleep quality or baseline frailty. This is consistent with the literature emphasizing sex differences in the effects of risk/lifestyle factors. It is possible that the relationship between sleep quality and frailty is altered by additional hormonal factors and warrant further investigation. Support (if any) This research was supported by the Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Research Foundation

Introduction We aimed to determine if age or sex modifies associations between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), sleep duration and severe phenotypes of combined SDB/sleep duration with 7-year neurocognitive change (NC) in a diverse sample of U.S. Hispanic/Latinos. Methods We analyzed data of 5,235 adults 50-80 years of age from SOL-INCA, an ancillary to the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos that determines the risk factors for NC. The main outcome was NC after a mean follow-up of 7-years on measures of memory (SEVLT sum and SEVLT recall), language (word fluency), processing speed (DSS) and a cognitive impairment screener. We evaluated the effect of baseline SDB (AHI ≥ 15), sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESS ≥ 10), self-reported sleep duration (i.e. Results Overall, the mean age was 56.0 years, 54.8% females, 62.2% completed high school, 17.3% had SDB, 6.6% had short sleep,and 14.8% had long sleep. Sleep duration and SDB were not associated with NC. There was a significant interaction between agexSDB+sleep duration on delayed recall (F10,599= 2.40, p=0.01) and processing speed (F10,597= 2.55, p=0.01). Combined SDB + short sleep was associated with decline in processing speed (β=-0.6, 95% CI= [-1.2, -0.1], and combined SDB+long sleep was associated with decline in verbal memory (β=-0.9, 95% CI=[-1.7, -0.2] in adults aged ≥ 65 years. There was no association in participants aged Conclusion Age, but not sex, modified the association between SDB and sleep duration with decline on processing speed and verbal memory. Sleep interventions tailored for older adults may be useful in slowing or preventing neurocognitive decline. Support This work is supported by National Institute on Aging (R01AG048642, RF1AG054548, R01AG061022, and R21AG056952).