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Many developing countries are currently facing an ageing population without sufficient preparation for old-age financial adequacy, an important component in active ageing. One question is whether a pension system can create old-age financial adequacy. At the same time, many countries are shifting their pension systems from a defined benefit to a defined contribution pension system to improve the welfare of older people while maintaining state budget sustainability. Indonesia is not an exception. This paper learns from civil servants in Indonesia, where the retirement payout from the existing pay-as-you-go, defined benefit system is meagre. The system is to be transformed into a defined contribution one. Using a simulation method, this paper examines whether the proposed system will provide a better retirement payout, which is higher than the minimum wage and will allow retirees to maintain their pre-retirement income. This paper concludes that the proposed system alone is not sufficient to create old-age financial adequacy and, therefore, is less able to contribute to active ageing. To improve the retirement payout, among other things, the retirement age should be raised and made optional, and the accumulated savings should be re-invested during the retirement period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although significant progress has been achieved over many decades, sustaining the success of family planning programs in Indonesia requires a deep understanding of the factors that influence community satisfaction among those involved. This study surveyed 503 Family Planning Field Workers (PKBs) across Indonesia's regions to identify the main factors encouraging satisfaction among communities participating in these programs. A structured online questionnaire was distributed to collect data on the sociodemographic factors influencing satisfaction, which were then analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that effective follow-up on community feedback (β = 0.233, p < 0.001), implementing a rights-based approach (β = 0.207, p < 0.001), enabling community participation (β = 0.147, p < 0.001), collaborating with healthcare providers and facilities (β = 0.159, p < 0.001), and monitoring and evaluating programs (β = 0.155, p < 0.001) were significant positive predictors. More notable, the regression model accounted for a considerable 74.7% of the variation in community satisfaction, pointing to how significant the explanatory power of the identified factors was in predicting the level of satisfaction among communities participating in family planning programs. Actions must be developed to enhance reproductive health and manage population growth by focusing on key factors such as responsive communication, rights, integrated services, community involvement, and evaluations, which are what matters most for family planning programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 9/11, de-radicalisation programs have become central to every country that deems itself at risk from terrorist attacks from global terror groups such as ISIS. Consequently, many countries have implemented programs to "inoculate their Muslim populations" and de-radicalise and disengage those Muslims deemed radicalised through securitisation and "moderate Islam". Such programs aim to persuade individuals to renounce extremist ideas and violence and adopt moderate Islam, often state-orientated Islam, as is the case in Indonesia. The Indonesian government and civil society organisations have attempted to address radicalisation by setting up counter-radicalisation and de-radicalisation programs, with various degrees of success. The central thesis of this paper is that de-radicalisation is not achievable, and the current programs in Indonesia are not effective. The paper will first critically discuss the concepts of radicalisation and de-radicalisation/disengagement. Then, the paper will critically assess the Indonesian de-radicalisation programs by focusing on their shortcomings and unintended consequences, which result in the labelling and stigmatisation of former detainees and their families and hinder their successful de-radicalisation and reintegration. In the final section, the author will suggest that the Indonesian government and civil society organisations need to introduce humanitarian activities to improve their programs and reduce the chances of recidivism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few decades, discussion of decolonisation and decolonial thinking has gained much traction in many countries. Scholars and students have called on their institutions to decolonise their curriculums and argued for why their respective disciplines need to be decolonised. They have recognised that the knowledge produced by the social sciences remains Western-centric. However, unlike the other social sciences, the terrorism industry, on the other hand, has not reflected on its Western centrism. This situation is especially the case with the security side of the terrorism industry, which is the most visible and arguably the most problematic side. By adopting a decolonial approach and Indonesia as a case study, this paper highlights some of the ways through which the terrorism industry reproduces Western centrism. The paper concludes by raising several issues regarding the role that the industry plays in Indonesia and urges scholars to research them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competency-based education is designed to produce quality graduates and competent practitioners in social work. However, comparative studies to identify how social work education adapts to demands in practice from employers in coordination with the development of the profession across nations are rare. This study examines the influence of education quality and profession commitment on undergraduate social work students' perceptions of their professional competence in Indonesia and Taiwan. A sample of 872 senior-year students from private and public universities was surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The analysis found that in the two countries, both education quality and professional commitment were positively associated with students' perceptions of competence. Additionally, students' commitment was a relatively important predictor in Indonesia but not in Taiwan. Implications for educators and profession development are discussed for societies where social work relies on the state for licensing and funding of practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Era of Society 5.0 has had a significant impact on the implementation of education for students in Indonesia, which presents opportunities and challenges for educators in each education unit. One of the education units that feels this impact is inclusive education. Inclusive education learning designs in which there are special assistant teachers have a more dominant social constructivist tendency than those with regular education teachers. The development of the right inclusive education learning design will help children with special needs in achieving their optimal potential development according to their conditions and needs in the community. This study aims to propose inclusive education learning designs that are relevant to Era of Society 5.0 based on national education standards including standard processes, standards for educators, and standards for infrastructure. This study employs a descriptive qualitative study, and. the primary data collection instruments were in the form of observations and interviews, as well as documentation as a secondary data collection instrument. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique and they were from five inclusive schools in the province of South Kalimantan. The data analysis technique uses content analysis. The results of the study show that Era of Society 5.0 is in line with the development of inclusive education learning designs and is relevant to the Indonesian national education system which includes standard processes, standards for educators, and standards for infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iceland and the Netherlands presently have the best pension systems in the world, according to the Mercer CFA Institute Global Pension Index 2021. In the meantime, Indonesia ranked 35th. This study compares and analyzes Iceland's and the Netherlands' current pension systems as the finest in the world, as well as the future threats to their pension systems, and applies the lessons learned from both nations to Indonesia, which intends to alter its public pension system. According to a comparative analysis of Iceland, the Netherlands, and Indonesia, the overall pension systems of Iceland and the Netherlands are advantageous for ensuring adequacy and sustainability of the pension system. However, Iceland and the Netherlands may suffer adequacy and sustainability issues in the long run. As a result, they should continue to evaluate their own countries' present structures, notably in demographics. Concerning the Indonesia pension system, Indonesia policymakers should consider enforcing the social security system, since these systems have enabled Iceland and the Netherlands to have lower poverty rates. Furthermore, the Indonesian government should strengthen the existing PAYG and DB pension systems, raise the minimum pension eligibility age, contribute to the system regularly, and apply the cost-of-living adjustments to improve the adequacy and sustainability of the civil service pension system. Simultaneously, civil servants should contribute more to ensure the long-term viability of this pension system. The Indonesian government should implement such adjustments, as they would enhance budgetary sustainability in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of the Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 concepts has been undoubtedly challenging, and the readiness towards them could be fundamentally enhanced by strategic management and entrepreneurial governance. Bureaucracy in the majority of developing countries, including Indonesia, is an impediment due to the delays in bureaucratic reform and weak patterns of communication and coordination between their institutions. This study aims to analyze the readiness towards the era of Industry 4.0, and Society 5.0 in Indonesia from the perspectives of strategic management of the bureaucracy and entrepreneurial government. We undertake a case study on the organization of the Deputy for Human Resources of the Indonesian Ministry of Empowerment of the State Apparatus and Bureaucratic Reform and use a mixed method that simultaneously combines quantitative and qualitative methods. The resulted data from observations, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions were then analyzed using path analysis, descriptive methods, and qualitative approaches. Our results finding shows that there is a strategic value in data-based policies, and the ownership of data from various perspectives is strategically used as a direction for policymakers. One of the impacts of the Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 concepts is that the world has become increasingly connected. Hence, there are no boundaries between systems. Bureaucratic strategic management and entrepreneurial government have a significant effect on the readiness towards the Industry 4.0, and Society 5.0 concepts, in Indonesia, either partially or simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Sports Week (known in Bahasa Indonesia as Pekan Olahraga Nasional or PON) consumes a large budget as Indonesia's largest multi-sports event. This raises the question of whether it is only a sporting event or has an impact on society. Studies related to multi-sports events, specifically in the form of local or small-scale, such as PON, are still limited in Asia. The aim of this study was to investigate six important domains (constructs) of the 20th PON (PON XX) held in Papua in 2021: sports event image, motivation, satisfaction, stadium atmosphere, environment, and perception of the impacts. In addition, this study assessed the correlations between those six constructs and associations between the explanatory variables (gender, distance of residence, and involvement in the sporting event) and those six constructs. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess those six constructs and the explanatory variables. We included 675 respondents aged between 17–57 years, with a mean age of 22.87 years in the study. The results showed that the implementation of PON XX was positively received by the community and their highest motivation to watch this event was for entertainment. The involvement of the participant in the event was significantly associated with sports event image, satisfaction, motivation, stadium atmosphere, environment, and the perception of PON impact. The distance of the residence from the venues was only significantly associated with the perceived impact of PON XX on the community while gender had no association with all six constructs. There was a strong correlation between the other five investigated constructs and the perceived impact of PON XX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By employing questionnaire surveys to empirically examine peer effects on religious faithfulness, this study mainly compares Muslims in Indonesia and India as examples. This study uses religious restrictions on foods as the main component of the questionnaire. A total of two variables were selected to examine peer effects: (1) the percentage of respondents' close friends who follow a different religion and (2) the percentage of people in the respondents' city who follow the same faith. Ordinary least squares/generalized least squares regression was conducted, and six models were estimated. The results reveal that Indian/Indonesian respondents are more affected by those who follow the same/different religions, respectively, suggesting that relatively smaller groups have larger peer effects on religious faithfulness. Although further investigations are required, these symmetric results may be attributed to the fact that tensions among people from different religions are high/low, and that the percentage of people who follow a different faith in the respondents' city is high/low in India and Indonesia, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate whether a nexus exists between income inequality and criminal activity in Indonesia. Additionally, we examine socioeconomic variables and potential links with criminal actions (i.e., crime rate, murder, rape, physical abuse, robbery, and fraud). We use the generalized method of moments (GMM) approach, employing data for 34 provinces in Indonesia over the period of 2010–2019. The results indicate that income inequality is associated with higher criminal activity. Overall, lower unemployment, larger investment (foreign and domestic), and higher human development (education and health) can help reduce crime in Indonesia. However, higher income can reduce physical abuse and crime rates, but theft and fraud increase with income growth. Rising unemployment increases rape, abuse, robbery, and fraud. Still, unemployment does not affect murder, suggesting that non-economic factors are dominant in explaining murder and violent crimes. Furthermore, income inequality can increase robbery and fraud, although it has no significant effects on murder, rape, and abuse. Government spending on social assistance and more efficient settlement of criminal acts can lower crime rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has become a global problem since first appearing in 2020. Not only does it heavily affect the health sector, but it also spreads to other sectors such as social, economic, and education. Studies have shown that many global companies, including those based in Indonesia, contribute to the global pandemic mitigation by implementing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs. So far, the implementation of CSR is mainly focused on providing food, medicines, and vitamins, as well as medical facilities and equipment. On the other hand, other reviewed studies showed that the pandemic has transformed the CSR implementation from offline to online, also known as CSR digitalization. The limitation in mobility and strict social distancing rules by the government have resulted in this emergence of CSR digitalization initiatives. Although CSR digitalization is still relatively rare, several technology companies have started implementing it. CSR digitalization practices aim to empower micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSME) to master digital competencies and increase their economic condition affected by the pandemic. Companies implementing CSR digitalization reported a more efficient and effective CSR implementation. This article can potentially introduce a new paradigm to the industry players on the importance of CSR digitalization and future opportunities due to the changes in the behavior of society post-pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the construction of childhood and parenthood in rural communities in Indonesia based on a series of focus group discussions with service providers, community decision makers, and paraprofessionals; a group that we refer to as "frontline providers". By examining the providers' definition of successful children and their perception of factors that could undermine a child's success, we provide insights into how frontline providers understand the role of parents, and how parenthood is constructed accordingly. We found that the providers' definition of successful children reflects a strong neoliberal logic and that education is seen as the primary mechanism of such investment, an evolution of the idea of a modern nation under the previous regime that has permeated into an individual assessment. The paternalistic culture has further cemented the tendency among the frontline providers to problematize parents as the main risk factor for children's educational achievement and to ignore the structural and ecological factors. We traced this paradigm in Indonesia's educational and child protection policy framework, prompting a myriad of parenting programs that put parents from the underprivileged group as the main subject of intervention. Informed by studies in different countries, we argue that without changes in structural factors, any intervention on parenting will be deemed ineffective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]