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This article develops a controversial dialogue between agent-based models (ABM), one of the most prominent computational simulation methods in the social sciences, and the situational strategic planning (SSP) developed by Carlos Matus, something that had not been done until now. This dialogue is relevant because Matus argues for the need to link up mathematical simulation methods with human simulation methods as a methodological framework for SSP. The aim of this article is to analyze the controversial relationship between the ABM and SSP in three dimensions: the conceptual, the historical, and the epistemological-political. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]