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This paper proposes a new and improved one-dimensional chaotic system (1DL-SCS). After performance testing, it is verified to have better chaotic performance and a larger range of parameters. Based on this, a new image encryption algorithm is proposed. First, the chaotic sequences generated by the hyper-chaotic Chen system are used to perform twice circular rotations for achieving efficient global scrambling. Then we index scramble the image by row using 1DL-SCS and redistribute the pixel points by column, which further breaks the correlation between image pixels and prepares for diffusion. In the diffusion stage, the plaintext is divided into four parts for processing with the improved generalized Feistel structure, and the plaintext sequence in the round function is further divided into two parts, which greatly improves the diffusion efficiency. Through two rounds of iterative operations, a good diffusion effect can be achieved efficiently. Simulation experiment and performance analysis indicates that the algorithm has outstanding advantages such as excellent ciphertext statistical characteristics, and strong resistance to chosen plaintext attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]