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Silicon (Si) is a chemical element that is not yet considered essential for plants. However, over the past few decades, an increasing number of scientifi c studies have focused on the role of Si in soil-plant interactions. At the same time, many countries are leading the development and use of silicon-based fertilizers. Si can be taken up by plants predominantly in a mobile form (H4SiO4) in the soil through both passive and active uptake mechanisms. Therefore, Scopus data from 2012 to 2022 were used to understand the implementation and current status of research on the benefi cial effects of silicon fertilizers on soil and plants and the role of soil forms of silicon in improving soil quality. A bibliometric study of articles published in the database on the role of Si in soil and silicon fertilizers was carried out. Various tools, such as Microsoft Offi ce Excel 2021, VOS Viewer and Mapchart.net were used in this study. The fi nal literature includes 440 articles, 82% of which are scientifi c. Over the past decade, the number of published articles has increased signifi cantly. For example, in the years 2021–2022, a total of 91 articles were published, which is six times higher than the number of articles published in 2012–2013 (15 articles). This signifi cant increase in publications highlights the growing interest in the role Si and Si fertilizer research. It was found around 32.04% of China, 13.2% of the USA and 9.8% of Brazil the reviewed publications focused on the role of Si and Si fertilizers studies. Among the authors who published the most articles on this topic during the selected period are Wang X. (with 12 articles), Liang Yu., Rizwan M. and Ali S. (each with 8 articles). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A marginal land definition is a contemporary scientific term that is constantly changing and unstoppable. There are many ways in which marginal lands are referred to, unproductive lands, including waste lands, unutilized lands, idle lands, abandoned lands, or degraded land. In the present research, we tried to collect all Scopus-based publications in English from 1979 to 2022 years using crucial keywords: Marginal lands, Land degradation, and Agricultural land. We analyzed the most popular journals, top authors, top-cited papers, top countries, top-cited years, etc. A common way to identify ML is to use biophysical constraints related to agricultural productivity or bioenergy. For instance, using a multi-criteria decision approach based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing, combined data on land use/land cover (LULC), slope, soil depth, erosion, moisture, water holding capacity, texture, and availability of nutrient to study the land suitability for agriculture in hilly zones. There is a high potential for applying remote sensing (RS) and geographical information systems (GIS) for the mapping and monitoring of marginal lands. In addition, the role of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) in other disciplines around the world is significantly high. In contrast, in this research work, we find out that the usage scale of RS and GIS technologies is not common all around the world on the given marginal land issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Soil Science Annual is the property of Polish Society of Soil Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Soil Science Annual is the property of Polish Society of Soil Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Soil Science Annual is the property of Polish Society of Soil Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Soils containing carbonates are common and are found in various regions around the world. Carbonate content in soils varies and ranges from several to tens of percent. It mainly depends on the nature of the parent rock and the soil-forming processes to which the soil was/is subjected. In some cases, soil carbonate content is affected by an admixture of allochthonous material (anthropogenic and/or natural). Soils containing carbonates can often be problematic both in terms of their classifi cation and analysis. When classifying such soils, it is important to distinguish between primary and secondary carbonates and to take into account the presence of carbonate skeletal parts. The determination of soil carbonate content depends on its nature – taking this into account, analytical procedures may differ depending on local soil chemistry. Carbonates, due to interactions between individual chemical substances, can generate a variety of methodological problems when determining soil characteristics. This fact applies to physical properties such as particle size distribution, chemical and adsorption properties (e.g. content of soluble phosphorus, cation exchange capacity), but also to the determination of the examined micromorphological characteristics. Carbonates also often affect the results of organic carbon analysis, especially in light of the development of modern measurement techniques. This paper attempts to look at common problems related to the systematics and analysis of soils containing carbonates, and presents the solutions used. We believe this paper will be helpful to those who work with carbonate soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Soil Science Annual is the property of Polish Society of Soil Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Given the importance of soil as a supplier of nutrients and water for different ecosystems, understanding soil health and quality is necessary for its preservation. Microorganisms, due to their high abundance and their relationship with the degradation of organic matter and biogeochemical cycles, have a rapid response to environmental changes and thus are a discriminating factor that can be used as bioindicators of soil health. However, 97% of microorganisms are unculturable, leaving a gap in their taxonomic and functional knowledge. The development of metagenomics has reduced this problem through the direct extraction of DNA from soil, allowing the characterization of such non-culturable microorganisms, this technique can be considered one of the most impactful in soil health, given that it allows for an exploration of the biodiversity, the community structure, and the potential functions of the microbial communities from distinct environments. In addition to this, metagenomics have had an impact in different areas such as "OneHealth" or EcoGenomics allowing the formation of international projects. The aim of this paper is to show how metagenomics can be used as a technique to assess soil quality and health through the taxonomic and functional identifi cation of the microorganisms present in the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Soil Science Annual is the property of Polish Society of Soil Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Soil Science Annual is the property of Polish Society of Soil Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Soil Science Annual is the property of Polish Society of Soil Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Soil Science Annual is the property of Polish Society of Soil Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Soil Science Annual is the property of Polish Society of Soil Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study assessed the abundance and diversity of soil macroarthropod functional groups in various land types within tropical rainforest areas. The results showed that out of 12 identifi ed taxa, 2,794 individuals of soil macroarthropods were found, with hymenoptera dominating each land type with a relative abundance of 69.29%. The functional grouping of soil macroarthropods consisted of herbivores, predators, parasitoids, and detritivores. The highest variation in the number of functional group types was found in predators and herbivores, with seven taxa each. The highest individual abundance was found in predators, with 210 individuals. The highest diversity and evenness index of soil macroarthropod functional groups were found in herbivores, with values of 2.729 ± 0.056 and 0.578 ± 0.011, respectively, in monoculture gardens. In contrast, predator dominance was found in land that had been cleared, with a value of 0.754 ± 0.071. The signifi cant correlation between soil pH, N, SMC, and BD with the observed species and individual abundance reinforces the argument that differences in micro-environmental conditions in each land type signifi cantly infl uence the presence of soil macroarthropod functional groups. Forests that are rich in Inceptisol provide a natural habitat for diverse predator groups, ensuring protection of their diversity. On the other hand, monoculture gardens have the potential to increase herbivore diversity, but can also pose a threat to cultivated plants. These fi ndings help to uncover the tendency of the roles and functions of soil macroarthropods in maintaining ecosystem balance and provide important support for evaluating soil quality [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Puno-Peruvian high plateau have been shaped by humans over the last 8000 years. The Waru Waru system is a direct result of the agricultural activities of the pre-Inca in the last 2000 years. The present study was conducted in the circumlacustrine zone of Titicaca (445,532 ha) near the city of Puno, Peru. The parent material of the soils originates from the Quaternary alluvial and lacustrine deposits within the high plateau with fl at landscapes, and the land is used for temporary and perennial cultivation as well as extensive natural pasture. The entire region was assessed through a preliminary soil survey, based on which three soil profi les were selected as representative Waru Waru soil structures. The soil samples were subjected to morphological and physicochemical analyses and the genesis in relation to historical use was investigated. The results showed that sandy loam and clay loam textures dominate and the average sand content is 52%, giving the parent material acidic characteristics. The soils are typically covered by natural grassland, with adequate drainage conditions and the presence of a hydrological discontinuity at a depth of 60 cm. The stagnic properties of the soils are related to the seasonally wet and paleohydromorphic conditions originating from paleolacustrine conditions and fl ooding. The soils exhibited high variability in base content, with pH ranging from acidic to neutral and evidence of ion leaching processes and incipient concentration of salts at depth. The predominant soils were Stagnosols, Cambisols and Phaeozems in the same order (IUSS Working Group WRB, 2022), corresponding to Inceptisols and Mollisols (Soil Survey Staff, 2022a). The Waru Waru agricultural system covers an area of approximately 123,000 ha, with 5% of this area consisting of natural grasslands. The degradation of the traditional agriculture system (Waru Waru) is infl uenced by the socio-cultural dynamics and modernization of the agricultural sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthworms are soil macrofauna that play a role in maintaining the sustainability of soil use through increasing organic matter and soil fertility. Soil fertility assessment is important to suggest management to create an optimum conditions for plant growth, so it can be maintained the quality and quantity of rice productivity. The purpose of this research was to identify soil fertility index (SFI), the density of earthworms and the relationship between the two under different rice field systems, namely organic, semi-organic, and inorganic. This research also identifies indicators that determine SFI to be able to provide appropriate and efficient strategies in subsequent land management. This method used an exploratory descriptive with a survey approach. Sampling points was taken based on the farming systems (organic, semi-organic, and inorganic rice fields) on flat (0-8%) and sloping (8-15%) slopes. The SFI was determined used the Minimum Soil Fertility Indicator (MSFI). The results showed that differences of rice field farming systems is significantly effects on SFI. The index of soil fertility in the research area is moderate, with the highest SFI in the organic farming system. Soil fertility and earthworms density had a significant positive correlation, that the higher earthworms density, the higher soil fertility. Key indicators were found including organic C, available P, Al saturation, and exchangeable bases which determine SFI. The organic rice field system has the best SFI as well as the highest earthworm population, so we recommend increasing the use of organic materials in the tillages process and expanding the organic rice field system to maintain fertility and the sustainability of soil used for rice production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the suitability of different biomass feedstocks for biochar production and their effects on soil health and crop yield. Two planting seasons were conducted, involving cucumber as the test crop and eleven treatments combining biochar and poultry manure. Soil analysis revealed initial soil conditions with high sand content and low pH. Poultry manure and biochar exhibited pH, organic carbon, and nutrient level variations. Significant differences in cucumber growth and yield were observed, with the longest vine length in plots treated with palm kernel husk biochar and poultry manure. Residual effects in the second planting season displayed similar trends. Soil pH, organic carbon, and total nitrogen remained consistent between seasons, while available phosphorus increased significantly in plots amended with goat manure biochar and poultry manure. Calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium contents also varied. Fruit length, weight, and yield were significantly improved by biochar treatments, with the combination of palm kernel husk biochar and poultry manure yielding the highest fruit weight. Correlation and structural equation analyses (p < 0.05) highlighted the relationships between plant characteristics, soil properties, and fruit indices, emphasizing the importance of nitrogen and phosphorus in supporting fruit development. The study suggests that biochar application enhances soil nutrients, crop growth, and fruit yields while reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers. It recommends considering biochar for land reclamation and as an alternative to traditional fertilizers, supported by appropriate regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Soil Science Annual is the property of Polish Society of Soil Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Albic Luvisol occupy large areas in Ukraine, have low natural fertility and high acidity. Effective use of such soils is possible in the agricultural system only after improving their fertility. This involves constant management of reclamation and technological measures in accordance with the longterm dynamics of soil processes. A long-term experiment was started in 1965 with different rates and ratios of mineral, and organic fertilizers as well as lime. The purpose of the study is to establish the influence of systematic application of different fertilization schemes and periodic liming on the change in the structural-aggregate composition and physico-chemical properties of Albic Stagnic Luvisol under different crop rotations. Studies have shown that the long-term use of different fertilization systems and periodic liming on Albic Stagnic Luvisol both in the 4th and 9th crop rotation caused a significant predominance of very fine (VF - 0.25-1.0 mm) soil aggregates over coarse ones (CO - 5-10 mm). Under the combined organo-mineral system of fertilization and periodic liming of 1.0 n CaCO3 (according to hydrolytic acidity), at the end of the 9th crop rotation, the content of large components is almost eight times higher than the content of very fine and medium ones (VM - 0.25-3.0 mm). The content 0.25-1.0 mm fraction along the profile increases significantly with increasing of depth in the control (without fertilizers) and with only mineral fertilization. This indicates deterioration of the water proofing of the soil profile. Research results showed that the transformation of forest ecosystems into agricultural ecosystems improved the acid-base properties of Albic Stagnic Luvisol. The reaction of the soil became slightly acidic (pH 5.18-5.51) with the average multi-year application of a single norm of mineral fertilizers (N65?68K68), the norm of 10 tha-1 of cow manure against the background of the norm of 1.0 n CaCO3 pHKCl. Hydrolytic acidity, beside the control, ranges from low to medium with maximum values in the middle part of the soil profile. We investigated the accumulation of humus only in the upper layers of the soil in the control and on various fertilization systems. The lower horizons contain less than 1% humus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Soil Science Annual is the property of Polish Society of Soil Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Information of phosphorus adsorption characteristics in soils is of great importance for determining and applying proper management strategies in order to improve crop productivity and reduce environmental damages. A comprehensive equilibrium and kinetic adsorption study was designed to evaluate the adsorption behavior of phosphorus and the effect of soil properties on phosphorus retention in four different agricultural soils of Qazvin plain. The results showed that the Langmuir isotherm (r² = 0.998, s = 0.007), and Kuo and Lotse equation (r² = 0.946, s = 0.009) had the highest accuracy in equilibrium and kinetic modeling of phosphorus adsorption onto the soil surface. The results of linear regression analysis showed that the maximum adsorption capacity (qm) was positively correlated with clay and calcium carbonate contents and negatively correlated with the percentage of organic matter (p < 0.05). Additionally, the effects of three distinct parameters including salinity (0 to 30 ppt), temperature (12 to 38°C), and pH (2.5 to 11.5) on phosphorus adsorption were found to be signifi cant (p < 0.05; p < 0.01). According to these results, by changing the temperature from 12 to 25°C and 25 to 38°C, the maximum adsorption capacity increased in the range of 1.4-1.9 times. A rapid 82% increase in the adsorptive removal of phosphorus was observed at pH 5.36 to 7.5. However, with increasing salinity, the amount of adsorption decreased gradually and reached a plateau of about 0.189 mg g-1 over 10 ppt salinity. Furthermore, the results of thermodynamic test of the investigated soils showed that the process was endothermic and spontaneous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintenance of soil quality for sustainable crop production is a key factor in maximizing the potential of cropland in all climate zones. This field study evaluated the influence of biochar, maize straw (MS), mixtures of both, and poultry manure (PM) on soil properties and maize yield in an agricultural soil in northeast China. Seven treatments comprising CK, control; MS, 12.5 Mg ha-1 maize straw; B1, 12.5 Mg ha-1 biochar; B2, 25 Mg ha-1 biochar; SB1, 12.5 Mg ha-1 maize straw + 12.5 Mg ha-1 biochar; SB2, 12.5 Mg ha-1 maize straw + 25 Mg ha-1 biochar; and PM, 25 Mg ha-1 poultry manure were applied and replicated four times. Soil samples were collected at four depths 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm. Results showed that organic amendments reduced soil bulk density (BD), increased total porosity (TP) and soil moisture content across the top soil (0-20 cm) when compared with the control. Lowest soil BD (1.28 Mg m-3) was recorded for B2 at 0-10 cm depth. Soil pH and soil organic carbon (Corg) were also increased by organic amendments across 0-40 cm depth relative to the control. A signifi cant negative linear relationship was observed between soil BD and Corg. across the 0-40 cm depth. Maize grain yield (5.3 to 24.2%) and total biomass yield (2.9 to 14.9%) were significantly improved by organic amendments, compared to the unamended control. Our study concludes that biochar, biochar-straw-based soil management approach, and poultry manure can improve soil quality, maize biomass and grain yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous irrigation causes soil salinity and decreases soil fertility. The purpose of this study is to find methods that can prevent soil salinity. Thus, a soil column with 15 cm stack height, under maize cultivation and tape irrigation has been simulated by HYDRUS-2D. In order to assess the effects of different scenarios including tape location (stack/ditch), stack height (in drip and surface irrigation), using mulch and irrigation water salinity on salinity accumulation in root zone in different time frames. The results show placing tapes on ditch will increase soil primarily salinity (0.65 dS m-1) 8%, 8% and 10% lower than placing it on the stack after 1, 5 and 10 years. Also, height stack is not very effective for controlling salinity in both drip and surface irrigation. Because, assessing soil columns with 0, 10, 15 and 20 cm stack height showed neglectable difference between salinity both in short term and long-term scenarios (according to variance analysis test). Using mulch is an effective way to control salinity because it can decrease evaporation. After 1, 5 and 10 years of irrigation in mulch presence, salinity increased 34.5%, 42.8% and 50% lower than without mulch scenario. Also, irrigating soil by water of different salinities including 0.7, 1.7 and 2.7 dS m-1 showed 77.5%, 83.5% and 84.2% increase in salinity after 10 years ago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Soil Science Annual is the property of Polish Society of Soil Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a significant greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting for 60% of the total greenhouse effect. Soil respiration is a measure of the CO2 released from soil. Rice was the largest contributing plant commodity of total emission by 12%. In the event of growing threats of global warming due to GHG emissions, reducing CO2 emission by sequestering C in the soil is of supreme concernment. Improved management practices can rebuild C stocks in agricultural soils and help mitigate CO2 emissions. A field study to assess how organic soil amendments influence soil respiration, C-organic content, and soil properties was conducted in upland paddy field. Treatments were: chemical fertilizer (F1), combination of chemical fertilizer and cow dung manure (F2), chemical fertilizer and vermicompost (F3), chemical fertilizer and liquid vermicompost powder (F4), cow dung manure+biochar (F5), vermicompost+biochar (F6) and liquid vermicompost powder+biochar (F7). All treatments tested almost had the same pattern of respiration rates starting before the application of the organic soil amendment until three months after planting. The highest respiration rate was found at 1 month after planting. Soil amendment (F4 and F7) had the lowest soil respiration rates in some measurements. The highest organic C content at three months after planting was found in the F6 and F3 treatments. The most influential factor on the respiration rate are soil moisture content and soil temperature. The results demonstrate the viability of vermicompost either in combination with chemical fertilizers or alone for soil amendment to maintain organic soil carbon for short period of time (～ 3 months). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reliable overview of the spatial distribution of soil properties is a straightforward approach in soil policies and decision-making. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content, SOC stock and bulk density (BD) directly affect soil quality and fertility. Therefore, an accurate assessment of these crucial soil parameters is required. To do this, we used machine learning algorithms (MLAs) including, multiple linear regression (MLR), random forest (RF), artificial neural network (ANN), and support vector machine (SVM) with the help of environmental covariates to predict SOC content, BD, and SOC stock. The study was conducted in two different areas, Látókép and Westsik (East Hungary), both experimental research fields but different from physio geographic points of view. Thirty topsoils (0-10 cm) samples were collected for each study area using conditioned Latin Hypercube Sampling strategy. Environmental covariates were extracted from a digital elevation model (DEM) and satellite images based on the representation of soil forming factors. We validated the results by randomly splitting the dataset into a train (two-third) and test (one-third) and calculated the root mean square error and R². Our results showed that RF provided the most accurate spatial prediction with R² of about 80% for each soil property in both study areas. This study highlighted the importance of terrain attributes (including plan and profi le curvature, elevation and valley depth) and NDVI derived from satellite images in presenting a spatial distribution of selected soil properties in two different areas. We conclude that comparing these methods can help to determine the most accurate maps under diverse geographical conditions and heterogeneities at different scales, which can be used in precision soil quality management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Soil Science Annual is the property of Polish Society of Soil Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Long-term agricultural experiments allow for the determination of the influence of agricultural practices on soil properties. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of 96-year-old fertilization (NPK mineral fertilization and farmyard manure (FYM) use) on selected physical and chemical soil properties. The research was carried out in an experimental fi eld in Skierniewice, central Poland, where the experiments have been conducted since 1923. Seven soil profi les (Retisols or Luvisols) were studied. Long-term fertilization caused various changes in the chemical properties of the studied soil (pH, the content of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total sulphur (TS); exchangeable acidity (EA), total potential acidity (hydrolytic acidity) (TPA), cation exchange capacity (CEC), the total exchangeable bases (TEB), base saturation (BS)). The effect of long-term fertilization is most evident in the topsoil (the Ap horizon). The NPK fertilization led to acidifi cation which was expressed by the decrease of soil pH (down to the value of 5.1), as well as the increase of EA, TPA, and exchangeable Al. Long-term high-dose FYM application (40 t and 60 t ha-1 per year) led to the stabilization of soil pH to a level of 6.2-6.5 throughout the soil profile (down to 120 cm). The use of a combination of NPK fertilization and FYM application led to acidification of the topsoil similar to the soil in which NPK fertilizers were applied alone. Long-term FYM application led to the increase in TOC, TN, and TS concentrations in the Ap horizons of the studied soils. Long-term use of NPK fertilizers had no signifi cant effect on soil CEC, however long-term use of FYM increased the CEC in the Ap horizon of soils. An overall positive effect has been confi rmed in the use of high doses of FYM (40 t and 60 t ha-1 per year), which improves the chemical properties (soil pH, TOC, TN, and TS content, as well as CEC) of the soil compared to the control plot and plots with NPK fertilization alone. These findings were confi rmed by PCCA analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application of amino acids to soils is reportedly associated with controversial responses in soil enzyme activities. The effects of L-arginine application on the fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis and protease activity in an oak forest soil was investigated. The FDA hydrolysis and protease activity were regularly measured over a standard incubation period. The addition of L-arginine increased both FDA hydrolysis and protease activity after a lag time of 10 days. After 30 days, the ratio of FDA hydrolysis and protease activity in L-arginine-amended soil samples to those in the control reached 2.0 and 3.7, respectively. Moreover, FDA hydrolysis was found significantly (r = 0.67, P < 0.05) correlated with protease activity. It was concluded that L-arginine was able to stimulate FDA hydrolysis and protease activity, thereby making the soil hydrolytic system capable of facing more complicated substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to develop a method of determining the soil loss tolerance for chernozem of the Right-Bank Steppe of Ukraine. The most reliable method of determining the soil loss tolerance is based on the quantitative assessment of the probable change in the productivity of chernozem under the influence of erosion for a fixed period of time. Such admissible decrease of soil productivity will be later compensated by the progress in farming at the expense of more perfect technologies of crops cultivation, fuller realization of genetic potential of agricultural plants, strengthening of soil-forming process, etc. The most accurate quantitative assessment of soil productivity is a definite integral of the distribution function of the modernized fertility index of Pierce along the soil profile. The fertility index of chernozem of the Right-bank steppe of Ukraine depends on five indicators normalized from 0 to 1: humus content, soil solution pH, bulk density, content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, and weight index. Soil loss tolerance calculated for the chernozem of varies from 0.4 to 9.1 t/ha for the control period of 50 years, from 0.2 to 4.5 t/ha for the control period of 100 years, and from 0.1 to 2.3 t/ha for the control period of 200 years depending on the planned loss of productivity (from 1% to 20% of the initial value). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study has been done to see the impact of phosphorus (P) on the concentration of cadmium (Cd) chemical fractions in two sorts of calcareous soils within the Fars province in Iran. Because of these interactions, we looked at the influence of phosphorus on cadmium fractions. Variables were three levels of Cd (0.0, 30.0 and 60.0 mg kg-1 of soil from CdSO4.8H2O), three levels of p (0.0, 50.0 and 100.0mg kg-1 of soil from Ca (H2PO4)2.H2O, three levels Incubation time (2, 4 and 8 weeks) and two sorts of soil (clay and sandy clay loam). The randomized completed block design (RCBD) was used for this research. After 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatments, the sequential extraction procedure was done to determine cadmium concentration in WsEx (Water Soluble and Exchangeable), Sorb (EDTA extractable), MnOx (Manganese Oxides), Car (Carbonate), OM (Organic matter), AFeOx (Amorphous Iron Oxides), CFeOx (Crystaline Fe oxides) and Res (Residual) fractions. The results showed that 69.0 to 71.0% of the added Cd was removed within the WsEx, Sorb and MnOx fractions. Cadmium concentration in Sorb, OM and Res fraction was higher within clay soil while cadmium concentration within WsEx and Car fractions were higher within sandy clay loam soil. Adding P as monocalcium phosphate reduced cadmium concentration within WsEx and Sorb fractions while increased Car, OM and Res fractions. The presence of phosphorus reduces the concentration of Cd in those forms that are easily released into soil solution (WsEx and Sorb) from where they'll be absorbed by plants and thus decrease cadmium uptake by plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study assesses steel slag fertilizer’s effect on rice yield on acid sulfate soil in Vinh Phuoc village, Tri Ton district, An Giang province. A fi eld experiment with three treatments was established by the randomized block method with three replications. The fertilizer dose applied in individual treatments was: (1) 3 tons/ha lime, (2) 3 tons/ha steel slag fertilizer, and (3) 3 tons/ha compost in the experiment. The farmers’ practice fertilizer rate of 131 kg N + 41 kg P2 O5 + 108 kg K2 O/ha was applied as the based treatment. Using steel slag fertilizer on acid sulfate soil at a dosage of 3 tons/ha in combination with inorganic fertilizers showed a tendency to improve soil chemical properties such as soil pH, EC, soil organic carbon (SOM) content, CEC, total P, available P, and exchangeable cations (K, Na, Mg) content. The slag fertilizer affected the growth of rice plants, thereby helping to increase the yield and yield components of rice compared to other treatments. The steel slag fertilizer has improved soil properties and rice yield, which was statistically signifi cantly different from other treatments. However, total nitrogen and calcium exchange content have not improved considerably. Therefore, applying inorganic fertilizers combined with steel slag fertilizer is an appropriate solution to enhance soil nutrients and increase rice yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Podzolization process play a key role in the conditioning of forest habitats and the storage of organic carbon in soils. In the Carpathian Foothills development of Podzols is hampered either by the properties of the loess cover or the major part of the fl ysch parent material. However, soils subjected to podzolization occur sporadically in this area. The aim of this study was to determine the threshold of podzolization occurrence in the fl ysch parent material occurring locally in the Wie liczka Foothills and to determine the spatial variability of soils on a hillslope. The results showed that shift into podzolization is primarily related to the occurrence of sand-textured parent materials with low contents of clay and iron. Secondly, differences in organic matter decomposition rates may also affect podzolization. Soils in the investigated slope transect showed catenary increase of clay and pedogenic oxides contents. The formation of accumulative soils in the lower slope positions may be related with higher pH of the parent material that affects precipitation of soil constituents from laterally translocated solution. Furthermore, the effects of lateral soil solution fl ux limits the area where intensive vertical podzolization occur. Thus, considering lateral podzolization is crucial for correct determination of forest habitat conditions, estimation of soil organic carbon sequestration potential as well as in soil cartography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Soil Science Annual is the property of Polish Society of Soil Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Soil Science Annual is the property of Polish Society of Soil Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Soil Science Annual is the property of Polish Society of Soil Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Soil Science Annual is the property of Polish Society of Soil Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Soil Science Annual is the property of Polish Society of Soil Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the area of West Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia, soil quality problems have occurred. They include landslides, erosion, and soil cracks due to the increased dry land agriculture (coffee-based farming), rice fields, and residential areas. Here we provide information about optimizing land use based on geological, geotechnical, and geochemical approaches. For optimization of land use we determined salinity, plasticity, and mineral content in the soil. The aims of this study are: 1) identifying soil characteristics and classification based on geological, geotechnical, RSCS, and soil activity approach. 2) identifying the minerals contained in the soil based on XRD analysis. 3) determine soil suitability based on soil characteristics. 4) to quantify the area that has certain soil suitability. The methods used are geological and geotechnical soil characterization (USCS and soil activity analyses), XRD analysis, and Revised Soil Classification Systems (RSCS) analysis. The results showed that the study area is composed of tropical volcanic residual soil: Andosol soil type. The soil has low to high plasticity and it is included in the inactive to active soil category. Based on their characteristics, the soils of the studied area are divided into two categories. The first category are soils with low plasticity characteristic, have LL brine value < 50% (low to intermediate salt content), electrical sensitivity of 0.18 to 1.48; soils with the inactive soil category, and contain minerals: despujolsite, hematite, chlorite, montmorillonite (0.3%-0.6%), and quartz (2.8%-30.2%). This category will be suitable for agriculture purposes, building foundations, and earth construction. The first category occupies 65% of the study area. While the second category are soils with intermediate to high plasticity characteristics, have LL brine value > 50% (intermediate to high salt content), electrical sensitivity of 0.38 to 1.10, soils with the normal to active soil category, and contain minerals: despujolsite, hematite, magnetite, illite, montmorillonite (0.4%-0.9%), dickite, and quartz (2.50%-17.90%). The second category occupies 35% of the study area was more ideal for the primary forest growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil salinity (SS) is one of many constraints to sustainable crop production in coastal areas of Bangladesh. With increasing the areas of saline soils in the south-eastern part of Bangladesh, it is of utmost importance to observe the variations in SS at a spatio-temporal scale. Therefore, this study attempted to assess the degree and extent of SS as well as the concentrations of ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) extractable and water (H2O) soluble cations along with anions using laboratory and GIS techniques. In connection with this, the middle part of Roypur Union of Anowara Upazila was divided into three different zones considering cropping intensity and location of sampling sites. The representative soil samples were collected from each zone in the pre-monsoon (April) and postmonsoon (December) periods of the year 2018. The results indicate distinct analytical and mapping differences in SS of the studied area in the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The correlation of EC with all of the cations and anions was found positive in both seasons. Furthermore, the mean values of EC along with NH4OAc extractable and H2O soluble cations as well as anions of all the sampling sites varied significantly (p<0.01). The findings of this study successfully indicate the variations in degree and extent of the SS which would help in coping with the suitable crops to grow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Soil Science Annual is the property of Polish Society of Soil Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Numerous experiments with nanoparticles have recently led to a better understanding of the migration of colloids and larger particles in soils. However, it remains unclear how colloidal particles migrate in soil horizons without macropores, and whether they can move with the flow of capillary water. In this article, we tested the hypothesis that colloidal particles can be transported by water flow in capillary-sized soil pores. To test our hypothesis, column experiments with platinum nanoparticles were carried out. The columns contained undisturbed monoliths from the Luvisols and Phaeozems soil horizons in the southeast of Western Siberia. The lower part of the soil columns was immersed in a colloidal solution with platinum nanoparticles. Thus, we checked whether the nanoparticles would rise to the top of the columns. Platinum nanoparticles are a usable tracer of colloidal particle migration pathways. Due to the minimal background concentrations, platinum can be detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in experimental samples. Due to their low zeta potential, nanoparticles are well transported over long distances through the pores. Our experiments made it possible to establish that the process of the transfer of nanoparticles with a flow of capillary water is possible in almost all the studied horizons. However, the transfer distances are limited to the first tens of centimeters. The number of migrating nanoparticles and the distance of their transfer increase with an increase in the minimum moisture-holding capacity and decrease with an increase in the bulk density of soil horizons and an increase in the number of direct macropores. The migration of nanoparticles in capillary pores is limited in carbonate soil horizons. The transfer of colloidal particles through soil capillaries can occur in all directions, relative to the gravity gradient. Capillary transport plays an important role in the formation of the ice composition of permafrost soils, as well as in plant nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]