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Dispersion of highly conductive nanoparticles in Phase Change Materials (PCMs) tends to improve the thermophysical properties of nanocomposites. The current research condenses the synthesis, chemical, physical, and thermal characterization of novel nano-enhanced eutectic phase change materials (NeUPCMs) dispersed with TiO 2 nanofillers for thermal management applications. The base matrix primarily comprises of a eutectic of paraffin wax and palmitic acid. Detailed analysis of the uncertainty of each thermophysical property measured was performed. The synthesized nanocomposite logged a maximal thermal conductivity of 0.59 W/mK (2.3-fold as compared with the base-0.25 W/mK) with 0.5% nanofillers. The composites displayed excellent solar transmissivity (82%) as they were doped with nanofillers having a high refractive index. The latent heat of the NeUPCMs got enhanced by 17% whereas the melting point showed a slight decrement in nanocomposites. Further, zero phase segregation, no subcooling, stable phase transition temperature, and good chemical, and thermal stability were noted from digital scanning calorimetry results with NeUPCMs. The composites exhibited good thermal reliability beyond 500 thermal cycles. It could be potentially deployed in the thermal management of medium-temperature systems like PVT and LCPVT systems. [Display omitted] • Novel nanocomposites were synthesized using paraffin wax, palmitic acid, and TiO 2. • Nanocomposite had a maximal enhancement of 131.5% in thermal conductivity. • 38% rise in solar transmittance when compared with the eutectic base. • Thermophysical properties remained stable even after 500 thermal cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly paraffin/butyl stearate-loaded phase change microcapsules were synthesized by cosolvent-free interfacial polymerization using low-toxicity dicyclohexylmethane-4, 4′-diisocyanate as the shell material. The formation of the microcapsules and their distribution in the epoxy were studied by means of optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The chemical composition of microcapsules was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. And the phase change properties, thermal stability and cyclic thermal stability of microcapsules and their thermal insulation properties and thermal response behavior in the epoxy were investigated through differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, leakage prevention test, thermal conductivity test and temperature response experiment, respectively. The synthesized spherical microcapsules have distinct core-shell structure with an average diameter of 220.6 μm. The microcapsules achieve an encapsulation rate of 78.5%, with the melting enthalpy and the crystallization enthalpy being 148.5 J/g and 159.2 J/g, respectively. They not only exhibit good thermal stability and cyclic thermal stability, but also can disperse in the epoxy uniformly and combine with the epoxy tightly. In addition, compared with the pure epoxy, the epoxy containing 15 wt% microcapsules experiences a 10.1% decreases in thermal conductivity and a 55.4% increase in delayed time of temperature rise/fall, showing an excellent temperature regulation ability. [Display omitted] • HMDI was employed as the shell material due to low toxicity. • The microcapsules with core-shell structure achieve an encapsulation rate of 78.5%. • High enthalpy microcapsules exhibit 99.2% of heat-storage efficiency. • The microcapsules have high thermal stability, reliability and applicability. • 15 wt% microcapsules increase the time delay by 55.4% for temperature rise/fall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of aerogel with the 3D network structure is regarded as an important method to construct phase change materials (PCMs). In this work, a series of novel paraffin-based composite PCMs were fabricated with boron nitrid@chitosan aerogel (BNCA) as skeleton materials by a freeze-drying and impregnation method. XRD, SEM, TGA, Hot Disk, DSC and FT-IR were used to character the samples and thermal cycles were employed to measure the shape stability. The results revealed that paraffin wax (PW) had been successful and effectively embedded into the prepared BNCA with a porous structure. Moreover, the morphologies of BNCA/PW composite remained stable after 100 times thermal cycles. In addition, the thermal conductivity of BNCA/PW composite was notably high as 1.14 W/(m·K), which was 4.07 times higher than PW (0.28 W/(m·K)). Simultaneously, the phase temperatures of BNCA/PW composite containing 41 wt% skeleton were 50.5 and 52.9 °C, and its latent heats were 118.4 and 114.9 J/g, respectively. The BNCA/PW composite showed an excellent chemical compatibility between PW and BNCA, and presented broad application prospects in energy storage of electronic systems. [Display omitted] • Synthesis of porous boron nitride@chitosan aerogel by freeze-drying method. • Synthesis of BNCA/PW composite PCMs by vacuum impregnation. • The mass fraction of paraffin can be controlled, without leakage. • Good thermal conductivity and thermal reliability of BNCA/PW composite PCMs. • After 100 thermal cycles, the thermal properties and shape stability of the composite remain good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, expanded graphite (EG)/paraffin (PA)/silica (SiO 2) composite phase change materials (PCM), with good thermal conductivity and impermeability, were fabricated for potential applications in solar energy. The EG-PA was first prepared by vacuum adsorption and then encapsulated by SiO 2 through solid-phase wet grinding in the presence of sodium silicate. Our results show that the EG-PA-SiO 2 composite have optimal properties when the mass ratio of raw material is PA: sodium silicate: H 2 O = 1:9:2:8. The latent heat of melting of the EG-PA-SiO 2 composite prepared at this mass ratio is 106.2 J/g. The core material loss ratio, after washing with petroleum ether, is 4.79%. The thermal conductivity is 2.053 W/m·K, which is 8.5 times higher than that of pure paraffin wax, and the melt permeability is 9.35% after 120 min at 60 °C. Under simulated sunlight, the time required for the composite material to change from 30 °C to 65 °C is reduced by 70.78% compared to PA and the heat absorption and release times are nearly unchanged under multiple cycles. These results indicate that the material has a stable photothermal conversion efficiency. [Display omitted] • Expanded graphite, paraffin and silica composites were made by solid-phase wet grinding method. • Silica encapsulated the composite, reducing leakage. • Composites showed improved thermal conductivity and impermeability. • The composite has stable photothermal conversion, and there is no obvious leaking sign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xylitol with high latent heat of 243.28 kJ/kg and a significant supercooling degree has been considered to be a potential phase change material (PCM) for long-term thermal energy storage (TES). Xylitol can be kept in a supercooled or supersaturated metastable for a long time. In our study, it took 23 days and 30 min respectively that xylitol liquid and xylitol liquid adding 5 wt% ethanol crystallized completely at room temperature of 15 ± 5 °C. Unfortunately, the low thermal conductivity and leakage of xylitol restrict its thermal performance. In this paper, xylitol/expanded graphite (EG) composite PCMs with 5, 8, 10, 12 and 15 wt% EG content were prepared by an "impregnation and compression" two-step method. The results of SEM, XRD and FT-IR show that xylitol is well impregnated into the micropores of EG and has good chemical compatibility. The thermal performance test shows that the thermal conductivity of composite PCMs increases dramatically and the latent heat decreases with the increase of EG. The experimental results show that the latent heat of 10 wt% EG is 209.73 kJ/kg and 192.18 kJ/kg, respectively, during the charging and discharging process. The thermal conductivity of 10 wt% EG is 3.91 W/(m·K), as 9.29 times as xylitol. Besides, the crystallization of xylitol in EG and the mass loss of the composites have also been studied. The results show that 10 wt% EG composites crystallized completely after 16 days. These results prove that xylitol/EG composite PCMs have broad application prospects in long-term TES. ∙ A shape-stable xylitol/expanded graphite composite phase change material was prepared. ∙ The crystallization process of xylitol liquid and xylitol liquid adding 5 wt% ethanol at ambient temperature was studied. ∙ The thermal properties of shape-stable xylitol/expanded graphite composite phase change material were studied. ∙ The composite was characterized and the feasibility of its application in long-term thermal energy storage was preliminarily proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]