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Conducting polymers (CPs) are commonly explored in electrochromic devices (ECDs) because of their designable compound structure, rich color, fast switching speed, flexibility and high coloration efficiency. However, the preparation of large-size nanostructured electrochromic polymer (ECP) films is still a great challenge. Herein, we present a facile and efficient strategy to construct neat large-size nanostructured ECP films without molecular design. Polyterthiophene (PTTh), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and poly(2,2′-bithiophene) (PBTh) are selected as the model polymers due to their good EC behaviors. The PTTh hollow microspheres, PEDOT and PBTh nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization without templates, and then were made into stable dispersions, which were processed into films by spray-coating method. The obtained films were further assembled into the ECDs. We investigated the structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of PTTh, PEDOT and PBTh films, and EC performance of corresponding ECDs. The results indicate that the uniform and loose PTTh film possesses 3D porous structure composed of many hollow microspheres, while the PEDOT and PBTh films consist of many NPs. These films exhibit good electrochemical performance. The ECD based on PEDOT film achieves an optical contrast of 29%, coloration efficiency of 217 cm2/C, and its coloration time and bleaching time are 3.48 and 0.09 s, respectively. This study suggests that in situ chemical oxidative polymerization preparation of ECP microspheres or NPs might be a facile strategy for fabricating neat large-size ECP films, and its preparation process is easily conducted, showing great potential applications in conducting polymer-based ECDs. The PTTh hollow microspheres, PEDOT and PBTh NPs were prepared by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization without templates, and then were made into stable dispersions, which were processed into films by spray-coating method. A larger device (active area: 10 × 8.5 cm2) based on PEDOT/ITO was assembled. The device can undergo reversible color changes under an applied voltage of ±3.0 V within 4 s, and displays a uniform colour switch. This work provides a simple and efficient strategy for fabricating the large-size conducting polymer-based ECDs. [Display omitted] •A facile and efficient strategy was proposed to construct neat large-size ECP films without molecular design. •The obtained ECP films composed of many hollow microspheres or nanoparticles possessed good electrochemical performance. •The larger ECD (active area: 10 × 8.5 cm2) based on PEDOT/ITO was assembled, displaying a uniform colour switch within 4 s. •The relationship of microstructure and surface morphology of ECP films to their EC properties was revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have employed a one-step (direct etching) metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) technique to grow large-area Si nanostructures with smoother surface morphology and much less porous Si (PS) defects than those under the two-step (depositing and etching) MACE. A 17.63%-efficiency of the nano/ microstructures (N/M-Strus) based multicrystalline Si (mc-Si) solar cells has firstly surpassed that (17.45%) of traditional-micro-textured one with a standard solar wafer size of 156×156 mm 2 . The key to success lies in the reduction of electrical loss by removing PS defects and employing shorter one-step-MACE-smoothened N/M-Strus, together with the optical gain from the combined antireflection of mc-Si N/M-Strus and SiN x :H thin films. The present work opens a way to the mass production of high efficient Si nanostructures based solar cells with a less-process-step and lower-cost approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]