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• The local inhabitants of Pirot County in Eastern Serbia were interviewed about plant's application in veterinary ethnopharmacology. • It was noticed 46 veterinary plants and 206 use reports. • It was found 22 plants not mentioned and 9 plants with different use in neighboring regions. • A good starting point for new phytopharmacological studies. This paper provides essential information on medicinal plant uses in the veterinary ethnopharmacology of Pirot County in Eastern Serbia, known as a relatively isolated, multiethnic, and a traditional agricultural area. The aim of the study was to collect, analyze, and evaluate the medicinal plants' ethnoveterinary knowledge in a Pirot County (2761 km2, total 92,479 inhabitants, of which 34,672 in the rural area). The local inhabitants of the rural area were interviewed by a semi-structured questionnaire to determine how many of them are familiar with the plants' application in veterinary ethnopharmacology. Interviews were conducted in four municipalities of the Pirot County, where the samples of the local rural population included 631 respondents (mean age 50; 45.59% women, 53.41% men) at 144 sites, of which 148 respondents from 92 villages reported the use of plants in veterinary medicine. The data are presented in a tabular manner and include scientific and local names, the part used, pharmaceutical form, therapeutic indication, and mode of administration, followed with several reports. Furthermore, most frequently reported taxa are systemized for each therapeutic group municipality - wise with calculated informant consensus factor. A comparison with previously published data collected from surrounding territories on the Balkan Peninsula was performed by considering the Jaccard index. The survey revealed 192 plants used by the local population for various health indications, of which 46 species were reported for use in veterinary medicine. Plants reported for the treatment of health issues in livestock (206 reports) were distributed in 30 families out of which the main ones being Asteraceae (8 species), Lamiaceae (4 species), Rosaceae (4 species) and the most abundant were Asteraceae (43 reports), Hypericaceae (28 reports), Polygonaceae (26 reports) and Ranunculaceae (23 reports). The most frequently used plants in veterinary ethnopharmacology were Cichorium intybus, Hypericum perforatum, and Rumex patientia. Aerial plant parts were exploited more frequently than underground parts. The mode of administration was primarily oral in the water extract form. The primary reported therapeutic groups were diarrhea (98 reports), wounds (27 reports), dermatological diseases (scabies and pediculosis) (14 reports), and elevated temperature (10 reports). The use of 22 plant species was not reported in other ethnoveterinary surveys in the Balkan Peninsula. Knowledge of plants for veterinary use is still constrained among the population of the rural parts of Pirot County. The study identified plant species used by the local population to deal with health issues in domestic animals. The presented findings of this study can be a good starting point for new phytopharmacological investigations in the veterinary domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rumex acetosa Linn belongs to Polygonaceae, the species is distributed worldwide (African, Asian, American and European countries). Rumex acetosa is used traditionally as vegetables and for its medicinal uses. Its diverse uses in traditional and cultural applications, have geared much research towards its phytochemical and pharmacological activities. This review intends to offer and give up-to-date knowledge cum research on its ethnopharmacology, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, reactions with other drugs, and safety concerns, so that the medicinal uses and new research trends can be recognized. The literature related to the title i.e. R. acetosa Linn was effected by a search using the keywords like " Rumex acetosa , sorrel, garden sorrel and biological activity of R. acetosa " in "Google Scholar," "PubMed," "ScienceDirect" "Scopus" and "Web of Science" databases. Plant taxonomy was queried by the databases "The Plant List," and Many publications' sites were queried like Springer, Elsevier, and dissertation search engines like Open-thesis, OATD, ProQuest and EthOs were put to use. This study argues the huge advantages that this plant species possesses and further highlights the up-to-date knowledge of chemistry, the invitro and invivo biological studies, phytochemistry and scientific basis for the use of the plant R. acetosa. Many cultures around the world uses the leaves and aerial parts as vegetables, other parts of this medicinal plant are employed in the management of a number of ailments such as constipation, diarrhea, jaundice, mild diabetes and as an analgesic, antihypertensive, against gallbladder, liver and skin disorders and inflammation. The phytochemistry of this wild vegetable showed that over 60 compounds were reportedly isolated, these includes anthraquinones, naphthalene, polyphenols and other compounds. Furthermore, this manuscript depicts the high level of oxalic acid in R. acetosa though cooking reduces oxalic acid concentration to negligible amount. This review confirms the dangers that R. acetosa possesses when eaten uncooked in large quantity orally especially for some populace though there are strong evidences that it can serve as a functional food. It is clear that the medicinal value of its phytochemistry is yet to be explored fully. There are indications of enormous traditional uses, the pharmacological facts are satisfying though few, it is relieving that scientific evidences against oral diseases are obvious. There is need for more studies to validate these medicinal claims, this review tends to connect the research gap hence provide enough information for upcoming research on its use as a functional food. • The importance of Rumex acetosa beyond ordinary nutrition is succinctly discussed. • Phenolics and Polyphenols are two-thirds of the over 70 isolated compounds from R. acetosa. • This study shows scientific evidences against oral diseases of its isolated compounds. • Its registered therapeutic formulations are common Europe, employed against acute and chronic respiratory viral infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin aging is one of the major problems of the modern age. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are responsible for breaking down extracellular matrix and cause of cell-aging. Ultraviolet (UV) rays and oxidants are also damage skin. Therefore, inhibition of MMP enzymes and higher sunscreen and antioxidant capacity should be a part of treatment strategy in preventing skin aging. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antiaging potential of Rumex crispus L. (Polygonaceae) extracts by determining MMP-1, MMP-8 and MMP-13 inhibitory effects, UV absorption and antioxidant capacities. In this study inhibitory effects of 15 extracts – with different polarities prepared from R. crispus – on MMP-1, MMP-8 and MMP-13 enzymes were determined. Antioxidant capacities were investigated by DPPH, ABTS, NO and phosphomolybdate methods and SPF values were calculated. Also, chemical profiles of extracts were evaluated by HPLC with the compounds we isolated. According to results, aqueous alcoholic extracts showed the highest inhibitory effect on all of MMP enzymes. Ethanol:water (70:30) extracts of roots, leaves and fruits showed high UV protection with SPF 13.56, 15.01 and 15.36 respectively. Total antioxidant capacities were in a range of 49,4%-86,4%. This study shows that Rumex crispus L. provides a valuable and powerful resource for anti-wrinkle, antioxidant and sunscreen cosmetic product. • Rumex crispus L. extracts may be a novel matrix metalloproteinases inhibitor. • Rumex crispus L. root, leaf and fruit extracts have high sun protection factor. • Rumex crispus L. extracts can fight against the reactive oxygen species. • Chemical profile of Rumex crispus L. extracts identified by HPLC. • Rumex crispus L. extracts may be used as a sunscreen and anti-aging agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many secondary metabolites derived from Rumex extracts exhibited potent activities against a panel of phytopathogens including those of Phytophthora spp. Phytochemical investigation of Rumex abyssinicus has led to the isolation of nine compounds, including one phenolic acid ( 1 ), five anthraquinones ( 2 – 6 ) and three flavanols ( 7 – 9 ). Compounds 1 , 4 , 6 – 9 are reported here from R. abyssinicus for the first time. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against zoospores of the oomycete phytopathogen Phytophthora capsici . Physcion ( 3 ) displayed strongest motility inhibitory activity with a MIC value of 15 μg mL − 1 , and showed lytic activities against zoospores at 500 μg mL − 1 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]