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Allergic diseases are increasing all over the world, now affecting up to 40% of the population. The most frequently occurring allergic conditions include allergic rhinitis (hay fever), chronic sinusitis, atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria. The literature suggests that second-generation histamine 1 (H1) antihistamines are the preferred first-line therapy for most chronic allergic conditions, including allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria. Patients taking these antihistamines report little to no adverse effects with long-term continuous treatment. Second-generation H1-antihistamines have been shown to exert an anti-inflammatory effect, and continuous administration may improve their efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allergic diseases are on the increase globally. There has been a doubling in the number of scholars suffering from allergy-related disease in the past two decades. This article describes the predisposing factors which contribute to an increased incidence of allergies within the population. These factors include a genetic predisposition, allergen exposure, abnormalities in the bowel flora and infection exposure. Some of these relate to the hygiene hypothesis and the microflora hypothesis, which are discussed in this article. Treatment options for those suffering from allergic disease are also discussed, with an emphasis on asthma, anaphylaxis, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allergic disease decreases the daily quality of life of many people, and can increase the number of working days lost owing to sick leave. Associated symptoms with allergic disease depend on the origin of the disease, and can either be allergic, non-allergic and purulent, or can cause rhinitis as a result of a common cold. Treatment depends on the origin of the rhinitis. However, an antihistamine is indicated in most instances. Combination treatment includes sympathomimetic drugs (either local or systemic) and corticosteroid medication (when indicated, and in most instances, used locally). The article provides an overview of the nature and the management of allergic disease and the histamine 1 antihistamines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]