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[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the effect of macular pollutants on the release of pyrolytic products from cigarette paper, and provide a method basis for the classification of macular pollutants. [Method] The pyrolytic particulate matter of different cigarette papers was captured by a self-built temperature-controlled pyrolytic device. The differences in pyrolytic components of different cigarette paper samples were analyzed by using GC-MS. And the classification of macular pollutants was achieved using principal component and cluster analysis based on the differences in pyrolytic products. [Result] The different pollutants changed the microscopic surface morphology of cigarette paper fibers. And the pyrolytic products chromatograms of all the contaminated cigarette papers exhibited a similarity of less than 0.417 when compared with that of blank cigarette papers. A total of 78 kinds of pyrolytic products were detected in the blank cigarette papers, including ketones, phenols, benzene derivatives, aldehydes, furans, alcohols, heterocycles and other chemicals, etc. Moreover, the pyrolytic products released from contaminated cigarette paper not only had common components with blank cigarette paper, but also had many unique pyrolysis components, and there were significant differences in the number and content distribution of various pyrolysis components. Specifically, after the contamination of Premalube red and Nordic grease, the phenolic compounds in the pyrolytic products significantly reduced from 36.07% to 5.58% and 8.32%, respectively. Meanwhile the release of hydrocarbons remarkably increased, but the composition and distribution of hydrocarbon substances exhibited significant differences. Flavor and sugar contaminants reduced the content of aldehydes, ketones, phenols, benzene rings and heterocyclic pyrolytic components in the pyrolytic products, but their own unique propylene glycol/glycerol solvents or esters could release to the particulate matter during the heating process through the evaporation. Principal component analysis based on pyrolytic products showed that cigarette papers contaminated with different pollutants could be effectively distinguished from the blank sample. Hierarchical clustering analysis also showed that samples contaminated with grease could be classified into one, and cigarette papers contaminated with flavor and sugar could be grouped into another one. [Conclusion] The results in the study would be beneficial for the classification and identification of macular pollutants source based on the differences in pyrolytic products that were captured by self-built temperature-controlled pyrolytic device and analyzed by multiple statistical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The study aimed to elucidate the effects of two kinds of organic potassium salt cigarette auxiliaries on the pyrolysis performance of cigarette paper. [Method] By adding two kinds of organic acid potassium salt with different concentrations to cigarette paper, the effects on the pyrolysis performance of cigarette paper were studied by means of simultaneous thermal analysis, mainstream smoke detection and sensory quality evaluation. [Result] With the increase of the concentration of potassium carbonate and potassium citrate, the initial temperature of thermogravimetric loss gradually decreased, and the increase of weight loss rate and weight loss in the initial heating period corresponded basically with the addition concentration. With the addition of potassium citrate in the cigarette paper, the number of smoking pons decreased gradually, and the content of nicotine and tar also decreased gradually. When the addition amount was 3 %, the release of CO was the lowest, and then increased with the increase of the addition amount. With the addition of potassium carbonate in cigarette paper increasing, the number of smoking mouthfuls firstly decreased and then increased slowly, and the content of nicotine and tar also showed a decreasing trend. When the addition amount of potassium carbonate in cigarette paper was 3.5 %, the content of nicotine in cigarette paper and the number of smoking mouthfuls were the least. When the concentration was 2.5 %, the CO content was the lowest. [Conclusion] The use of cigarette paper additives catalyzed the thermal cracking process of cigarette paper, which resulted in the decrease of tar and CO content in mainstream smoke and affected the sensory quality of cigarettes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Feasibility study of applying writing paper as sealing materials in oyster mushroom’s cultivation was conducted in or¬der to provide theoretical basis for increasing the safety of oyster mushroomproducts. ' Method】 The experiments and production demonstration were carried out by setting 2 treatments, ie. treatment Awith writing paper as sealing materials and treatment Bwith newspapers! CK) ,and the growth of mycelium, number and fresh weight of fruiting bodies, cost and economic returns as well as heavy metal contents in fruiting bodies were investigated and evaluated. ' Result】 The growth rate of mycelium was 0. 97 cm/d of treatment A, which was significantly higher than that of treatment B (% < 0 . 05 , the same as below), and the average number and fresh weight of fruiting bodies per bag (total of the first flush and second flush, hereafter) were 43.47 ,257. 59 g,5. 57 more and 11 . 7 g higher than that of treatment B, respectively. The results showed that the heavy metal content of Pb, Cd, Hg and As in fruiting bodies of both treatment A and Bwas lower than the limits (1 . 000, 0. 200 ,0. 100,0. 500 mg/kg, respectively) set by both national food safety ytandard and national aaricultural standard for green food mush¬ room, and the content of Pb, Cd, Hg, As of treatment A was only 0. 001, 0. 085 , 0.002 and 0. 037 mg/kg, which was far more lower tlian the safety limits mentioned above, respectively. Besides, Cr was not found in the fruiting bodies of treatment A. The results indicated that the oyster mushroom of treatment A was much safer than that of treatment B. Compared to treatment B， the cost per bag of sealing materials and their processing increased by 0.002 yuan， while the output valiae increased by 0. 140 yuan, thus the eco¬nomic retiams per bag of treatment A was 0. 138 yuan higher than that of treatment B. The results of production demonstra¬tion showed that，when compared witli treatment B，treatment A could shorten the period of spawn running by 3 days and shorten the average harvesting time of the first and second flush by 3 and 4 days, respectively, besides, treatment Acould increase thefresh weight per bag by 24. 00 gin total. ' Conclusion】 Based on the in¬crease of mycelium ’ s growth rate, number and fresh weight of fruiting bodies, economic returns, as well as decrease of heavy metal contents, it is recommended that writing paper could be applied instead of newspapers as sealing materials in oyster mushroom5 s production [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The present paper aimed to search for some technical methods which could reduce the tar content of reconstituted tobacco effectively. [Method]The effect of some factors such as ratio of stems to leaves, beating degree, basis weight, coating rate, proportion of plus fiber and calcium carbonate on the tar content of paper-making reconstituted tobacco was studied and those factors that could reduce the tar content effectively had also been verified. [Result] (i)Beating degree, basis weight, proportion of plus fiber, potassium salt and calcium carbonate had significant influence on the tar content of paper-making reconstituted tobacco;(ii)The ratio of stems to leaves of raw materials also had a certain influence on the tar content of paper-making reconstituted tobacco, and the tar content was the lowest when the ratio of stems to leaves was 2-1;(iii)There was a positive correlation between the coating rate and the tar content of paper-making reconstituted tobacco, the increase of coating rate would lead to the increase of tar content.(IV) The tar content of paper-making reconstituted tobacco prepared under a set of factors, including fiber proportion, beating degree, basis weight had fallen by more than 50 % ,and blending it in cigarette products had also reduced the tar content of cigarettes obviously. [Conclusion] The tar content of reconstituted tobacco could be reduced by adjusting the process parameters. While the PRT sample integrated with some tar-reduced factors was blended into cigarettes, it could greatly reduce the tar content of cigarettes. Therefore, some technical methods could be taken properly to reduce the tar content of PRT, and achieve ‘ reducing the harmful and tar content’ after blending it into cigarettes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to get high efficient cellase-producing bacteria and determine the taxonomy. [Method] Sodium carboxymethylcellulose was selected as the sole carbon source to isolate cellulose-producing microorganism. A total of 51 bacteria and actinomyces were isolated from natural fermentation material of tobacco straw.Nine isolates possessed high cellulase activities in congo dye experiment. The phylogenetic relationships of cellulase producing bacteria and actinomyces were determined through the analyses of phylogenetic trees constructed using 16 S rRNA gene sequences. [Result] Luteibacter sp.L43 possessed the highest cellulase activities in enzyme activity tests. The effects of the single factor including pH, carbon and nitrogen concentration on filter paper enzyme, endo-β-1, 4-glucanases and exo-β-1, 4-glucanases for L43 were determined.Under the condition of pH6, sodium carboxymethylcellulose concentration 12.5 g/L and NaNO3 concentration 5 g/L, the highest cellulase activities of endo-β-1, 4-glucanases and exo-β-1, 4-glucanases of L43 were 16.9 and39.62 U/mL, respectively. [Conclusion] This study provided a good cellulose producing bacteria for tobacco straw fermentation and laid a foundation for the development and utilization L43. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Department of Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Department of Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】The present paper aimed to investigate the important role of NAC gene in the growth and development of Cinnamomum camphora and its role in salt stress, and to clarify the response mechanism of C. camphora under salt stress. 【Method】The genome-wide NAC genes of C. camphora were identified and analyzed by bioinformatics to investigate the mode of response to abiotic stress in C. camphora. By identifying the members of NAC family of C. camphora,the paper aonducteda systematic analysis in terms of physicochemical properties, phylogenetic analysis, conserved motifs and gene structures, chromosomal localization and inter-species covariance, cis-acting element prediction and expression patterns.【Result】A total of 103 CcNAC genes were identified, the amino acid counts ranged from 137 to 1136, the isoelectric points from 4.54 to 10.00, the relative molecular masses from 15 644.40 to 129 859.29 u, and the mean hydrophobicity of all proteins was negative, indicating hydrophilicity. Subcellular localization was predicted to be in the nucleus and cytoplasm. A phylogenetic evolutionary tree was constructed with Arabidopsis thaliana NAC gene sequences, which classified CcNAC genes into 16 subfamilies. The NAM subfamily had the most members, with 17 CcNAC genes, while 25 CcNAC genes were not included. Conservative motif and gene structure analysis revealed that CcNAC genes were found to contain 2-8 introns and 10 motifs. Among these, motif3 appeared to be particularly stable in the genetic evolution of C. camphora genes, while motif9 and motif10 were distributed across the NAM subfamily. Chromosome localization and replication event analysis revealed that 103 genes were distributed across 12 chromosomes, with the highest number of genes（13） found in CcNAC genes distributed across chromosomes Chr02, with the lowest number of genes found on Chr10 and Chr11, which contained two genes each; Fragment duplication was the main mode of amplification for the CcNAC family. Multi-species co-linkage analysis revealed that CcNAC genes formed 162 pairs of co-linkage genes with CcNAC genes, indicating a closer relationship than with other species. The CcNAC genes were more closely related to the CcNAC genes and to those of other species than to any other. The CcNAC gene promoters contained several abiotic stress, growth and development, and hormone response elements. The results of the qRT-PCR showed that in leaves, the expression levels of the CcNAC058 and CcNAC092 genes were maximised under low salt stress. In roots, the expression of CcNAC007, CcNAC033, CcNAC058 and CcNAC092 genes increased with increasing salt concentration.【Conclusion】The NAC gene family may be involved in the process of salt stress response during the growth and development of C. camphora. The CcNAC092 and CcNAC058 genes exhibite significant responses in both leaves and roots under salt stress. It is hypothesised that CcNAC058 and CcNAC092 are the key genes contributing to the ability of the CcNAC to produce self-defensive behaviours under salt stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to prevent the waste of straw resources and solve the problem of straw degradation, the degra dation efficiency of straw under the condition of microbial degradation was explored. [Method] Through enrichment and acclimation culture, strains with degradability were screened from decomposed straw compost, and a composite strain ZM-10 with degradability was constructed. The phylogenetic status was determined by 16S rDNA sequencing. Based on the change of enzyme activity (FPA) of filter paper produced by liquid shake bottle fermentation, a single factor experiment was set up to optimize the conditions of cellulase production and solid bactericide fermentation of composite strain ZM-10, and the fermentation bactericide with the best degradation efficiency was prepared for the pot experi- ment of Chinese cabbage. [Result] The strains forming the complex strain ZM-10 were Citrobacter cronae, Bacillus velezensis, Pseudomonas taiwanensis, Myroides odoratus, Klebsiella sp. The optimal fermentation conditions for the composite strain ZM-10 were as follows: The medium formula was 4.00 g corn stalk powder, 2.67 g wheat bran, 2.67 g peanut chip powder, 2.67 g soybean meal, 0.3% lactose, 0.3% peptone the inoculation volume was 24%, the drying temperature was 60 °C, and the fermentation time was 6 days. The best carrier for solid bacteri- cide was biochar, and the optimal loading capacity of biochar (g):complex hacterial solution (mL) was 1:1.375. The pot experiment showed that the plant height, leaf area, root to shoot ratio, Ve content and soluble solid content of Chinese cabbage were all higher than those of the control group. [Conclusion] This experiment successfully constructs a composite strain ZM-10 and bactericide which can degrade straw effi- ciently, and verify the positive effects of bactericide on the growth and development of Chinese cabbage, which provide a new idea for solving the waste of straw resources and crop production efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Agricultural interactive display is a novel method of showcasing with vast applications in the field of agriculture. However, current implementation is limited due to factors such as the knowledge of professionals, technological costs, and rural infrastructure. Through interactive display technology research, the present paper aims to provide intuitive and vivid communication channels for agricultural education, technology, and popularization. [Method] Through virtual reality, augmented reality technology, data visualization, artificial intelligence and animation, the paper uses agricultural machinery interactive experiences as an example to elaborate on the complete process of data collection and processing, content selection for displays, determination of interactive elements, as well as design, using of the game engine, software and hardware interface testing and optimization. [Result] The production process of agricultural interactive display is relatively complex, with the determination of goals and content, planning of display process and sequence, selection of interactive elements testing and optimization, continuous improvement, and ultimately achieving the design of an interesting and technological combination of agricultural interactive display. [Conclusion] The paper clarifies the application advantages and prospects, and provides recommendations for further promoting and popularizing interactive displays in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Objective) The paper aimed to investigate the effects on carbon stability and carbon conversion of soil incorporated by straw and straw-derived biochar under different water conditions. (Method) The soil culture experiments were conducted to explore the concentration of soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), easily oxidized organic carbon (ROC), and the emission of CO2 and CH4, in which the soil was incorporated with equal amounts and straw or straw-derived biochar, respectively, and incubated at 60%, 100%, and alternating wet and dry conditions of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil field. (Result) (i) After 60 days of incubation, equal carbon addition of straw and biochar increased soil organic carbon by 48.02% -53.91% and 31.55%-42.39%, respectively, and soil microbial carbon increased by 243. 20%-258.16% and 85.67% 101.09%, respectively, and the organic carbon loss rate was shown as straw treatment (29.27%-34.95%) > biochar treatment (12.25%-21.79%), and the cumulative emissions of CO2 and CH4 in straw treatment were 75.40%-398.43% and 1394.61%-3201.17% higher than those in biochar treatment, respectively, indicating that although straw could significantly increase the total organic carbon of the soil, at the same time, it stimulated the loss of organic carbon of the soil, and increased the emissions of CO2 and CH4, and the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect were smaller than that of biochar treatment. (ii) Soil water content significantly affected the soil organic carbon loss rate and carbon emission. The SOC loss rates of different exogenous carbon addition treatments all showed 60% of maximum water holding capacity (12.25% 29.29%) < dry-wet alternation(16.61%-29.27%) <100% of maximum water holding capacity (21.79% 34.95%). The cumulative CH4 emissions of straw treatment at 100% of maximum water holding capacity and the wet-dry alternation treatment were 200.96% and 139.35% higher than those at 60% water holding capacity, respectively, which were greater than those of CK. However, the effect of moisture on cumulative CH4 emission from biochar treatment was small, increasing by 36.26% and 20.31%, respectively, which was smaller than that of CK. This was due to the higher content of ROC of straw, and the promotion of CH4 emission resulting from 100% filed water holding capacity. [Conclusion] Compared with straw, biochar returning to field can improve SOC content and reduce the rate of soil carbon loss. At the same time, biochar can mitigate the influence of the difference in oxygen environment caused by soil water content on soil carbon patterns, and effectively reduce CO2 and CH4 emissions per unit mass of soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective) The paper aimed to explore the biological characteristics of flowering and pollination of Annona squamosa L., to lay the foundation for the study of the reproductive breeding system of A. squamosa, and also for the hybrid breeding and production of A. squamosa to provide a theoretical basis. (Method) A. squamosa varieties Damu, Gefner and AP were taken as the objects of study, and its flower morphology and flowering process were observed, using scanning electron microscopy to observe the pollen morphology, and its visiting and pollinating insects were investigated; Rate of pollen germination, stigma pollination at different flowering processes were determined, and artificial pollination comparison test was conducted, fruit setting rate and fruit characteristics were recorded and analyzed. (Result)] A. squamo-sa flowers were green with a special structure, the pollination chamber was semi-closed and the main pollinating insects were small beetles and thrips. The pollen was tetrads, radially symmetrical, with a reticulated carved pattern on the outer wall, with crisscrossed patterns on the ridges of Damu, and inconspicuous dotted projections on the ridges of Gefner and AP. The pollen had some vigour before flowering, then pollen vigour increased over time, reaching a maximum at the pollen scattering period, then declined, stigma was pollenable at the unopened period, and stigma pollenability was still strong at initial opening to fully open period, and stigma pollenability was weak at pollen scattering period. The fruit setting rate of artificial pollination was 74.67% and that of natural pollination was 32.22%. There was no significant difference in the quality of fruits between different pollination methods (P>0.05, the same as below), and the fruits of artificial pollination had better fruit shape and greater values of single fruit weight, longitudinal and transverse diameters, number of seeds, and edible rate. Vitamin C, soluble sugar, protein, total acid, total phenols, total flavonoids, total amino acids contents as well as potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc elements contents did not differ significantly from the contents of naturally pollinated fruits. [Conclusion] The flowers of A. squamosa are heteroecious, with semi-closed pollination chambers. The main pollinating insects are small beetles and thrips. The fruit setting rate of the artificial pollination treatment is significantly higher than that of the natural pollination treatment, and the fruit quality is similar to that of the natural pollination treatment, but with better fruit shape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper aimed to explore the factors affecting the development of digital agriculture and village in Zibo, to provide effective reference recommendations for promoting the future development of digital agriculture and village, and to promote the high-quality and sustainable development of digital agriculture and village in Zibo. (Method) Based on survey data regarding the development level of digital agriculture and village in Zibo city, Shandong province, we utilized the entropy method to assess the development level of digital agriculture and village in Zibo from 2020 to 2023. Additionally, we employed the obstacle degree model to analyze the primary factors constraining the development of digital agriculture and village in Zibo. (Result] From 2020 to 2023, Zibo experienced overall growth in the development of digital agriculture and village. However, there were significant variations in the development of different sectors and regions. The main factors limiting the rapid progress of digital agriculture and village in Zibo in recent years included the digitization of livestock and poultry breeding and aquaculture, the number of online merchants, the traceability application of agricultural product quality, the level of online work, the digital application of agricultural technology promotion, the training of farmers' digital literacy, and financial investments in the digital field. Conclusion] Zibo continues to promote the construction and development of digital agriculture and village. This can be achieved by reducing regional disparities, enhancing the digitization of livestock, poultry and aquaculture, improving the traceability of agricultural product quality and safety, streamlining the online management of rural land transfer and homesteads, and advancing the adoption and utilization of digital technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Objective) As a vulnerable group in the digital society, farmers generally have poor digital awareness, weak ability to operate and apply digital new agricultural tools', and weak participation ability in 'new agricultural activities' such as live streaming e-commerce. The paper aimed to stimulate the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of farmers, fully play their role as the main body, and promote them to actively participate in the great practice of digital rural areas. (Method) On the basis of reviewing domestic and foreign literature and conducting a questionnaire survey of 1500 farmers in 13 agricultural areas in Beijing, the article constructed a digital literacy system for farmers from six dimensions: digital awareness, digital universal literacy, digital technology literacy, and soon. Based on the KAP model, a theoretical model of 'Farmers' Digital Literacy Satisfaction with Government Digital Services Farmers' Digital Rural Participation Behavior' was constructed, using mediation and moderation models, the impact of digital literacy among farmers on their participation in digital rural areas was explored, and relevant policy recommendations to stimulate their participation in digital rural areas were proposed. (Result) (i) The digital literacy of farmers had a significant promoting effect on their participation in digital rural areas; (ii) The satisfaction of farmers with government digital services would indirectly effect their participation in digital rural areas; (iii) Digital infrastructure played a positive regulatory role in the relationship between farmers' digital literacy and their participation in digital rural areas. [Conclusion】 To solidly promote digital rural areas and enable farmers to participate more and benefit widely, firstly, we need to vigorously enhance farmers' digital literacy through building a training system for farmers' digital literacy, strengthening training on farmers' digital literacy and application capabilities, etc. Secondly, we need to strengthen the supply and sharing of high-quality rural service resources, promote diversified participation in services, etc.. Thirdly, we need to strengthen the carrying capacity of rural networks. We will continuously improve the construction of rural digital infrastructure by promoting the transformation of existing technology and equipment to adapt to agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the relationship between fatty acid desaturase gene ADS2 (19 fatty acid desaturase) and cold resistance in Brassica rapa L. (Method) Based on the previous transcriptome results, the BrADS2 gene was obtained by onestep directional cloning. GFP fusion expression vector was constructed and transiently transformed into tobacco lower epidermal cells by injection method. At the same time, Zhongshuang 11' was infected by Agrobacterium infection method. The expression pattern of ADS2 gene in the leaves of winter rapeseed varieties with different cold resistance was detected by qRT-PCR, and the morphological changes, antioxidant enzyme activity and conductivity content of winter rapeseed under low temperature were analyzed. (Result] The BrADS2 gene could encode 307 amino acids, and the protein encoded by this gene had hydrophilic properties. The results of qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of BrADS2 gene increased first and then decreased, and the expression level reached the peak at 4 C. The results of subcellular localization showed that BrADS2 protein was expressed in cytoplasm and cell membrane. Under low temperature treatment, the relative conductivity and antioxidant enzyme activity of the leaves of the three varieties increased significantly. The antioxidant enzyme activity of the strong cold-resistant varieties was higher than that of the weak cold-resistant varieties, but the conductivity was the opposite. The hypocotyls of Zhongshuang 11' were infected by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and 15 transgenie positive seedlings were obtained. The expression of BrADS2 gene in the leaves of transgenic rape positive plants was significantly higher than that of wild type. [Conclusion】 It is speculated that BrADS2 gene plays an important role in the regulation of membrane lipid unsaturation in winter rapeseed, revealing the relationship between ADS2 gene and crop resistance to low temperature stress [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective) Promoting the digital development of agriculture is an important strategic measure to accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas and promote the high-quality development of agriculture. (Method) The present paper constructed an evaluation system for the development level of agricultural digitalization, taking 75 villages in 9 provinces as the representative cases, adopted comprehensive index method to measure the development level of agricultural digitalization, and explored the influencing factors and improvement paths of agricultural digitalization development from three dimensions of technology, organization and environment based on TOE framework. [Result] The overall development level of agricultural digitization in China was low and showed multidimensional characteristics. Structurally, the development of agricultural digitization in China focused on the trading field, while the development of digital transformation in the production field lagged behind. The digitalization of agriculture was a progressive development process with multi-factors. Government financial input, social capital participation and infrastructure support were the keys to the high-level development of digitalization of agriculture. From the perspective of upgrading path, Organization-Technology' type was policy capital-driven path driven by agricultural digitalization foundation; Environment-Technology' type was social capital-driven path driven by agricultural transaction digitalization leading agricultural production, service and foundation; Technology-Organization -Environment type was a collaborative path among government, enterprises and the - public to drive agricultural digitization with the digitization of local agricultural production. These three paths could accelerate the digital transformation of agriculture. [Conclusion] To accelerate the development of agricultural digitalization, it is proposed to further strengthen the construction of digital agricultural infrastructure, promote technological innovation and application, consolidate the foundation of digital man- power, and clarify the boundaries of government responsibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to study the physiological changes and gene dynamic changes of rice under low temperature stress, which was helpful to analyze the physiological basis and molecular mechanism of rice response to low temperature stress, and laid a theoretical foundation for screening suitable rice variety with cold tolerance and studying how to improve the cold-tolerance inheritance of rice. [Method] Taking three rice varieties with different cold-tolerance levels, P427 ( strong cold-tolerance), Nipponbare (cold-tolerance), 9311 (cold-sensitivity) as testing materials, and using method of phenotype combined with physiochemical index, the paper studied the effect of 3 -4 °C low temperature stress on phenotype, chlorophyll content and electric conductivity, and used RNA-Seq to analyze enrichment pathways and the dynamic change of gene response to low temperature stress. [Result] The rice variety with strong cold-tolerance P427 showed strong adaptability to low temperature. It maintained higher chlorophyll content under low-temperature stress, and its chlorophyll content before low temperature treatment, on the third day of low temperature treatment, on the third day of recovery growth was 29. 64, 29. 30 and 27. 96 µgig, respectively. Its electric conductivity on the first day, third day, fifth day of low-temperature was 10. 39%, 13. 08% and 17. 04%, and its membrane system had the lightest damage. A large number of genes were differentially expressed in both cold tolerant and cold sensitive varieties under low temperature induction, and the number of differentially expressed genes ( DEGs) continued to increase with the extension of low temperature treatment time,but the number of specific DEGs in P427 decreased from 2408 to 1717. In addition, only 576 specific genes of P427 were differentially expressed from 1 days to 3 days under low temperature treatment. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the specific DEGs of P427 after low temperature treatment were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways such as biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant hormone signal transduction and phenylpropane biosynthesis. [ Conclusion] There may be differences in cold-tolerance response genes and regulatory mechanisms among cultivars with different cold tolerance. There was a set of cold-tolerance response genes in P427 cultivar with strong cold tolerance, which was different from that in Nipponbare and 9311. Plant hormone signal transduction and phenylalanine metabolism were significantly affected by low temperature stress in seedling rice. P427 may respond to cold tolerance of seedling rice through metabolic pathways such as biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant hormone signal transduction and phenylpropane biosynthesis pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The balanced score card (BSC) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) were combined to develop a new and universally applicable budget performance assessment (BPA) method for agricultural scientific institutions (ASI), further improving the level of budget performance evaluation management.【Method】The evaluation index system of budget performance for ASI was constructed from four dimensions: finance, internal operation, output efficiency, learning and growth, based on BSC. Then AHP was used to score the importance of the performance evaluation index and the judgment matrix was constructed to determine the corresponding weight, and finally the comprehensive score was calculated.【Result】Through the calculation and analysis of the historic data from the research object A (a representative ASI), it was found that the two dimensions of financial and output benefits of research object A accounted for a large proportion, which were 47.63% and 38.51% respectively, while the two dimensions of internal operation, learning and growth accounted for a low proportion, which were 19.15% and 13.47% respectively. The weight distribution showed that the more attention was paid to scientific research funds and output in research object A in the last four years. Additionally, the results revealed that the development of research object A in 2023 was better, whereas it was necessary to strengthen the budget execution rate, construction of scientific research and innovation platform, patent application, scientific and technological services, and new variety cultivation in order to better realize the efficiency and quality of science and technology investment.【Conclusion】Compared with the traditional performance evaluation methods, the BPA method of ASI established in the present paper based on BSC and AHP method not only included the financial and non-financial index dimension, but also combined the quantitative and qualitative index dimensions. Therefore, the method developed here can carry out BPA more scientifically on the target research object from multiple perspectives and all-round personalization, and further improve the efficiency of science and technology investment and the level of fund management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The present paper aimed to adopted a ‘nature-human’ integrated perspective, combined humanistic elements to define the threshold for small watershed division, strengthened the humanistic characteristics of small watershed division research, and provided zoning plan support for land space development and socio-economic construction in mountain areas using small watersheds as the basic unit. 【Method】 Based on the natural hydrological processes and human attributes of small watersheds, the watershed area method, combined with the mean change point and the boundary overlap, was used to measure the subdivision threshold of small watersheds in six test areas within the study area, taking the southwest mountain areas of China as an example. After obtaining the optimal threshold, the southwest mountain areas was divided into units by small watersheds. The division results were integrated, and the quantity and spatial characteristics of the integrated results were analyzed. A fusion method for small watershed subdivision in mountain area was proposed. 【Result】 (i) The optimal threshold for the division of small watersheds in the southwest mountain areas was 30.00 km2.（ii) The number of small watersheds in the southwest mountain areas was 16 075, with an area range of 25.07 km to 431.82 km.（iii) In terms of area, there were 8 702 small watersheds less than 50.00 km, accounting for 54.13%; 5 358 small watersheds between 50.00 km and 100.00 km, accounting for 33.33%; and 2 015 small watersheds greater than 100.00 km, accounting for 12.53%, which basically met the current requirements of the Ministry of Water Resources. 【Conclusion】 The method for dividing and integrating small watersheds in mountain area proposed in this study, as verified through field measurements in the southwest mountain areas, reflected the natural and human attributes of small watersheds. It adequately met the needs of current organizational unit management in mountain area and could serve as a methodological reference for the zoning of small watersheds in mountain area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】Through quantitative calculation of carbon emission and carbon storage of various land use in the study area, the carbon storage of land ecosystem and its dynamic change characteristics were mastered, which provided references for optimizing land use and improving regional carbon storage.【Method】Based on the land use data of Ya’an city in 2000, 2010 and 2020, the present paper used FLUS-InVEST model to quantify the carbon storage of Ya’an city in the past 20 years, analyzed its temporal and spatial change characteristics, and predicted the carbon storage and its change in 2030 by multi-scenario simulation.【Result】（i) In the change trend of land use types in Ya’an city from 2000 to 2020, other land use types besides weeded land and unused land showed a positive growth trend, and the change ranges were grassland, unused land, cultivated land, forest land, construction land and water area, respectively, from low to high. The variation ranges were -7.41%, -3.87%, 0.45%, 3.42%, 71.71% and 104.57%, respectively. (ii) From 2000 to 2020, the carbon storage of Ya’an city showed a trend of first rising at a high speed and then decreasing slowly, and the overall level of carbon storage increased slightly, increasing by 4.88×1010 t, an increase of 1.03%; From the perspective of space, the region with the highest carbon storage in Ya’an city was Qionglai Mountain-Daxue Mountain line, and the regions such as Mengding Mountain and Zhougong Mountain showed a point-like distribution. (iii) Based on FLUS-InVEST model, it was estimated that compared with 2020, under the natural development scenario, the carbon storage of Ya’an city in 2030 showed a downward trend, and the total decline was 5.23×108 t; Under the scenario of coordinated ecological development, the carbon storage of Ya’an city in 2030 showed an increasing trend, and its total increase was 1.77×109 t.【Conclusion】It is predicted that under the scenario of coordinated ecological development, the carbon storage of land use change in Ya ’an City in 2030 will be more than that under the scenario of natural development. Therefore, ecological restoration and protection can be strengthened through scientific land use planning to promote the growth of regional carbon storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of soil nutrient characteristics and fertilizer supply capacity in the main distribution areas of temperate climate types in Yunnan province, to facilitate scientific guidance on fertilization and to ensure steady improvement in the level of soil fertility and stable crop yield. (Method) From 2019 to 2022, 1880 topsoil samples were collected from the northwest, northeast, and central northern regions in Yunnan province, which were the main temperate climate types, in order to analyze the current status of soil nutrient and fertility, and to clarify the spatial distribution of and differences in soil nutrients in the main distribution areas of the climate types. (Result) The soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium all belonged to the rich level or above in the main distribution areas of temperate climate type in Yunnan province, with average contents of 39.86 g/kg, 2.09 g/kg, 29. 17 mg/kg and 166.31 mg/kg, and the proportion of the rich level or above were 66.85%,73.19%,54.11% and 40.25%, respectively. There was a good linear positive correlation between soil organic matter content and total nitrogen content, and soil nutrient changing trends among different soil types were similar. Brown soil had the highest organic matter and total nitrogen content, followed by yellow brown soil, paddy soil, while purple soil and dry red soil had lower levels. The total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, slowly available potassium, and pH in soil of cultivated land in the northwest region in Yunnan province were significantly higher than those in northeastern and north-central Yunnan (P<0.05), and the contents of total nitrogen, available potassium and slowly available potassium in soil in the central-north region were also significantly higher than those in the northeastern region in Yunnan province. The soil available potassium in the northeastern and central northern regions in Yunnan province was deficient, with a deficiency ratio of 36.99% and 45.69%, respectively. (Conclusion】 It was necessary to pay attention to balance fertilization in the northwest regions in Yunnan province to ensure the balanced absorption and utilization of nutrients by crops. Organic fertilizer should be increased in the northeast and central northern regions in Yunnan province, and potassium fertilizer should be appropriately increased according to crop types to steadily improve the soil fertility of cultivated land and crop yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The paper aimed to explore the impact of different years of abandonment in tropical regions on soil carbon fixing bacterial communities in farmland, and provide theoretical basis and data support for sustainable agricultural management. 【Method】Real time quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing technology were used to analyze the gene abundance, community diversity, and differences of soil carbon fixing bacteria in farmland, short-term abandoned land (2＜abandoned years＜5), and long-term abandoned land (abandoned years＞5) in the central region of Hainan Island. 【Result】The abundance of cbbL gene in the soil within the region ranged from 3.11×107-2.84×108 copies/g of dry soil, showing a trend of farmland＞short-term abandoned land＞long-term abandoned land. Compared with the control farmland, long-term abandoned land reduced the Chao1 index, Observed Specifications index and Shannon index of soil carbon fixing bacteria. The dominant phyla of carbon fixing bacteria in tropical farmland soils with different abandonment years were Pseudomonadota and Actinomycetota, and the dominant genera were Bradyrhizobium, Mycobacterium, Rhodopseudomonas, Rubrivivax, Blastochlolis, Nocardia, Mesorhizobium, Dokdonella and Azospirillum, and most of them were facultative autotrophic bacteria. The overall changes in the community structure of soil carbon fixing bacteria with different abandonment years showed clustering according to each abandonment year. A total of 33 differential markers were analyzed for three different abandonment years of soil, including 17 in farmland, 5 in short-term abandonment land, and 11 in long-term abandonment land. The RDA results showed that the community structure of soil carbon fixing bacteria was significantly influenced by SOC, SWC, ROC, TP, TN, Coarse sand, pH and Fine sand. 【Conclusion】The increase in abandoned years has reduced the gene abundance of soil carbon fixing bacteria, and the community structure has also changed. Environmental factors such as SOC, SWC, ROC, TP and TN have a significant impact on the community structure of soil carbon fixing bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The paper aimed to screen the suitable reference genes and to analyze and verify the expression of photosynthesis-related genes in Chenopodium album responding to Aureobasidium pullulans PA-2.【Method】The leaves of C. album that were treated for 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 days under PA-2 infection and the root, stem and leave of normal growth C. album were used as materials, and qRT-RCR technology and Ct value were used to assess the expression stability of three candidate reference genes (GAPDH, β-ACTIN and β-TUBULIN) . The expression levels of photosynthesis-related genes (LFRN, MDH, PetC, psaA, CAB40, psaN, BHY and MO2) were quantitatively analyzed by the optimal selected reference genes.【Result】The results indicated that GAPDH was the optimal reference gene of C. album responding to A. pullulans PA-2, and can be used for analyzing the related genes expression level to photosynthesis pathway. Using GAPDH as internal reference, the expression levels of 8 photosynthesis-related genes showed varying degrees of down-regulation, except for MDH, which reached the lowest level at 5 days. Among them, PetC, psaN, CAB40, BHY and MO2 was down-regulated C. album infected 0-1 day, reaching a high level at 3 days, and increased in the later stage. The expression levels of pasA was firstly up-regulated and then down-regulated during the infection. The expression level of LFRN was down-regulated continuously after PA-2 infection. The expression level of MDH was significantly down-regulated at first, reached the lowest level at 3 days, and increased in the later stage. In different tissues infected with PA-2, 8 photosynthesis-related genes were highly expressed in leaves, among which MDH gene was highly expressed in stems, while PctC and CAB40 were the lowest expression levels in roots. Except for MDH gene, the expression levels of 7 photosynthesis-related genes in different tissues were ranked as: leaves＞stems＞roots.【Conclusion】The study provides foundation for the analysis of C. album genes by using qRT-RCR and the infection mechanism of A. pullulans PA-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to improve the effect of straw returning in sandy soil in the old Yellow River course region, thereby improving soil quality and crop yield.【Method】The effect of nitrogen (N), organic fertilizer (M), microbial agent (B), organic fertilizer + microbial agent (MB), soil enzyme agent (S), organic fertilizer + microbial agent + soil plant enzyme agent (MBS) on soil nutrients and crop yields was studied and compared based on the technique of straw-activated returning.【Result】The technique of straw-activated returning by adding exogenous materials could improve soil fertility and crop yield. The effect of N treatment on soil nutrient content and crop yield was no significant when N application was increased by 187.5 kg/hm². Compared with non-exogenous material (CK) treatment, MB treatment could increase soil organic matter and nutrient content, and the crop yield was also increased significantly. MBS treatment could further increase the straw returning effect. Compared with CK treatment, the soil organic matter content of MBS was increased by 4.5%-10.3%, total nitrogen was increased by 18.3%-33.8%, available phosphorus was increased by 11.3% -25.5%, and available potassium was increased by 52.6%-99.6%; Compared with the other five treatments of exogenous application, the corn yield of MBS was increased by 3.0%-32.0%, soybean yield was increased by 0.5%-30.2%, and wheat yield was increased by 5.4%-14.3%. 【Conclusion】In all treatments, straw returning combined with organic fertilizer + biological agents + soil enzyme (MBS) additives have the best effect on improving soil nutrient content and crop yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to reveal the structural characteristics of UGT family members in Aquilegia oxysepala and A. oxysepala f. pallidiflora, and screen the key UGT genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis.【Method】Based on previous floral color transcriptome of A. oxysepala and A. oxysepala f. pallidiflora, members of UGT family were selected and identified. Their physicochemical properties, conserved motifs, phylogenetic evolution and cis-acting elements were analyzed. Combining with expression patterns of UGT genes in the sepals of two A. oxysepala species at different periods, candidate genes for anthocyanin synthesis were screened out.【Result】A total of 154 AoUGT gene members were identified. Their encoded proteins contained 52-1293 amino acids, relative molecular weight was 5.897-144.174 kDa, theoretical isoelectric points were 3.21-7.14, and most of proteins were acidic and hydrophilic.The secondary structures were dominated by α-helix and random crimp, both of which had UGT domains. The UGT gene family members of A. oxysepala were divided into 14 subfamilies. The number of UGT gene members in group A was the largest, and the number of UGT gene members in group G and group J was the least. MEME conserved motif analysis showed that the UGT gene family contained two highly conserved motifs Motif 1 and Motif 4, which together formed the PSPG conserved domain of the UGT gene family. The analysis of cis-acting elements of promoter showed that the promoter regions of AoUGT family members involved in light responsive, hormone responsive, stress responsive and flavonoid MYB binding sites. According to expression patterns and cognate relationship, AoUGT147/127/45/143 significantly increased during pre-flowering period in A. oxysepala, however, these gene expressions were continuously sustained at low levels in A. oxysepala f. pallidiflora. Therefore, these members played important roles during floral color variation, which were determined to be candidate genes.【Conclusion】AoUGT147/127/45/143 are key genes for flower color variation in A. oxysepala and play an important role in the formation of flower color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to analyze the salt tolerance mechanism and molecular mechanism of giant rice by analyzing the expression specificity of differential genes in response to salt stress at seedling stage, and to provide a theoretical basis for genetic improvement of salt tolerance of giant rice. [Method] Xiangju 1 was used as the material, and the control and one salt concentration level (0.5% NaCl) were set up and treated for 72 hours. The dynamic changes and main enrichment pathways of response genes under salt stress were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. [Result] After salt stress, seedling height and fresh weight of Xiangju 1 were damaged by less than 30% stress. The total clean reads per each sample were 58.93 G Clean bases, the average GC content per each sample was 53.51%, the average Q20 and Q30 per each sample were 97.84% and 93.89% respectively. Gene differential expression analysis identified 2327 differentially expressed genes, including 1363 up-regulated genes and 964 down-regulated genes. The differentially expressed genes were analyzed by functional annotation, GO enrichment analysis showed that they were significantly enriched in 166 GO terms, among which the most significantly enriched terms were biological process of oxidation reduction process, nuclear metabolism process, transcriptional regulation; The cellular component of the cell component; The molecular function of the oxidoreductase activity, monooxygenase activity, transcription factor activity, etc. KEGG analysis showed that differential genes were significantly enriched in secondary metabolite synthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism. [Conclusion] Xiangju 1 has strong salt tolerance, GO analysis shows that Xiangju 1 responds to salt stress by regulating antioxidant enzyme activity and transcription factor expression. KEGG analysis shows that plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism and other pathways play a leading role in response to salt stress. In the study, RNA-Seq sequencing technology is used to screen candidate genes of rice in response to salt stress, which provides a basis for further study of salt tolerance regulation mechanism of giant rice, and also provides an important theoretical basis for the development and cultivation of new varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the role of AcinJHBP gene in the growth, development and diapause of Apocheima cinerarius. [Method] Based on the transcriptome data (non-diapause pupa/diapause pupa and diapause pupa/diapause depupa), JHBP gene was cloned and named as AcinJHBP (GenBank entry number: OR860357). The sequence and physicochemical properties of AcinJHBP gene were analyzed by bioinformatics software. The temporal and spatial expression of Acin JHBP (different developmental stages and tissues) was detected by qPCR. [Result] The complete CDS sequence of Acin JHBP gene of A. cinerarius was 726 bp, encoding 241 amino acids, the predicted molecular weight of protein was 26.97 kDa, and the predicted isoelectric point was 5. 13. The predicted molecular formula of Acin JHBP gene was C121 H1915 N313 0364 S9, the total charge of negative charge residues (Asp + Glu) was 34, the total charge of positive charge residues (Arg + Lys) was 26, the half-life and aliphatic index were 30 hours and 97.51, respectively. The average hydrophilicity of the protein was 0.098, and the predicted instability coefficient was 27. 13. Therefore, the protein was a hydrophilic stable protein, and the N-terminal amino acid was methionine (Met, M). AcinJHBP contained a signal peptide of 17 amino acid residues at the N-terminus, but had no transmembrane region. Phosphoric acid sites were found in serine, threonine and tyrosine phosphate sites were 9,6 and 3, respectively, and no glycosylation sites were found. Subcellular localization results showed that it was mainly located outside the cell. Phylogenetic analysis showed that AcinJHBP had the closest relationship with the hemolymph juvenile hormone binding protein JHBP of Operophtera brumata. The results of gene expression showed that the expression of Acin JHBP was lower at different developmental stages (except the 3rd instar larvae), and there was no significant difference between the egg and the 5th instar larvae (P>0.05), for all that the expression of Acin JHBP showed a decreasing trend in non-diapause pupa-adult stage. In different tissues, the expression of AcinJHBP gene was the highest in the male head of A. cinerarius. [Conclusion] Acin JHBP gene is closely related to the growth, development and diapause of A. cinerarius. The results lay a theoretical foundation for further revealing the function of the gene in the summer and winter diapause of the pupae in A. cinerarius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to understand the diversity of Bombyx batryticatus pathogen in different silkworm areas and the difference in pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana strains from different sources to silkworm in Yunnan province. (Method) Pathogens were isolated and purified from silkworm samples collected from 9 counties (cities) in Yunnan provincial silkworm rearing areas. The pathogenic species were identified by observing the morphological characteristics and sporulation structure of the strains, combined with the phylogenetic analysis based on ribosomal rDNA-ITS sequences. Furthermore, the effects of B. bassiana from different geographical sources and different spore concentrations on pathogenicity were also determined and analyzed. [Result] The pathogens of muscardine disease in Yunnan silkworm areas belonged to the genera Beauveria, Metarhizium and Cordyceps, among which B. bassiana and Metarhizium rileyi were the main pathogens, accounting for 57.58% and 30.30% respectively. There were certain differences in the pathogenicity of B. bassiana strains from different geographical sources to silkworm larvae. The batryicated silkworm rate of the tested strains was from 72.5% to 95.0%, and the halflethal time (LT50) was between 5.093 and 7. 133 days. Among them, the LL1-1 strain had the highest batryticated silkworm rate (95. 0%), the shortest half-lethal time (5.093 days), and showed the strongest pathogenicity. In contrast, the CB1-2 strain had the lowest batryicated silkworm rate (75.0%), the longest half-lethal time (7.133 days), and showed the weakest pathogenicity. Moreover, with the increase in the concentration of inoculation pathogen, its pathogenicity became stronger, and the batryicated silkworm rate also increased. [Conclusion] The pathogenic species of silkworm muscardine disease in Yunnan province are diverse. B. bassiana and Metarhizium rileyi are the main pathogens, and the pathogenicity of B. bassiana strains from different sources to silkworm are different. The results of the study can provide a reference for the control of muscardine disease and the production of batryticated silkworm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper aimed to isolate and identify the Exosomes (Exos) of macrophages infected with Listeria monocytogenes (LM) in monocyte proliferation mice, and analyze their miRNA expression profile, laying a solid research foundation for revealing the regulatory mechanism of macrophage Exos miRNA in LM infection. [Method] Macrophages infected with LM were used as the experimental group, while macrophages not infected with LM were used as the control group. Exos in the supernatant of macrophages were isolated and extracted using ultracentrifugation. The morphology, size and surface marker characteristics of Exos were identified by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking technology and Western blot. Small RNA-seq sequencing of miRNA in macrophage Exos from the two groups was performed using the Illumina SE50 sequencing platform to screen for significantly differentially expressed miRNA. Targetscan, miRDB and miRWalk databases were used to predict the target genes of differentially expressed miRNA. GO and KEGG-Pathway functional enrichment analysis were conducted on the different miRNA target genes. The miRNA-mRNA regulatory network diagram of the top 20 Hub genes was drawn using Cytoscape software. [Result] The diameter of Exos ranged from 30 to 150 nm, with a typical double-layer membrane structure, and the surface marker molecules CD9, CD63 and TSG101 were positively expressed. High-throughput sequencing results showed that compared to the control group, 9 significantly differentially expressed miRNA were screened in the experimental group Exos, including 8 significantly down-regulated genes (mmu-miR-7a-5p, mmu-miR-365-2-5p, г u-miR-365-2-5p, mmu-miR-122-5p, mmu-miR-122b-3p, mmu-let-7i-5p, mmu-miR151-3p, mmu-miR-182-5p and mmu-miR-1198-5p) and 1 significantly up-regulated gene (mmu-miR-192-5p), with a total of 1064 predicted miRNA-regulated target genes. GO enrichment analysis results showed that the different miRNA target genes were mainly enriched in processes such as axon formation, cell junction assembly, actin binding and metal ion transmembrane transport; KEGG analysis showed that the target genes were significantly enriched in the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway and the FeyR-mediated phagocytosis pathway. [Conclusion] The miRNA expression profile of macrophage Exos in mice infected with LM underwent significant changes, and the potential target genes regulated by them were mainly involved in signaling pathways related to infection and immune response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper aimed to explore the interaction between rhizosphere soil fungi and different tobacco varieties, and reveal significant differences in species among different varieties of diseased rhizosphere soil fungi, as to provide reference for the study of resistance mechanism of tobacco varieties and biological pest control. [Method] Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the composition and diversity of fungal community in rhizosphere soil of diseased plants of 8 tobacco varieties in Yunnan province, [Result] The OTU abundance of fungi in diseased rhizosphere soil of different varieties ranged from 822 to 1126. There were significant differences in the diversity and richness index of rhizosphere soil fungi among different varieties, and varieties K326, Yun 105, Yun 87 and Yun 99 were significantly higher than other varieties. At phylum level, the dominant fungi in the diseased thizusphere soil of each variety were Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota and Basidiomycota. At the genus level, Microidium, Fusarium, Humicola, Mortierella and Alternaria were the dominant genera in each treatment group. The significant difference analysis of LEFSe showed that Humicola, Candida, Plectosphaerella, Alternaria, Papulaspora, Fusarium, Boeremia, Mortierella, Gibberella were the important significantly different species in the diseased rhizosphere soil of different varieties. [Conclusion] There are significant differences in fungal community structure and diversity in rhizosphere soil of different varieties, and the distribution of significantly different species is related to the resistance of varieties. Among the varieties with high resistance to black shank disease (Yun 97, K326, Yun 100 and Yun 87), beneficial bacteria are mainly present, while in susceptible and moderately resistant varieties (Hongda, Yun 105, Yun 116 and Yun 99), harmful bacterial groups such as pathogenic bacteria are clustered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Objective) The present paper aimed to clarify the diversity, distribution, and occurrence dynamics of the main pest communities in pure plantations of Melaleuca leucadendron and its mixed plantations with Eucalyptus plantations and Podocarpus macrophyllus in Guangxi, providing a basis for the cultivation of M. leucadendron and green non-pollution pest control. (Method In 2023, the planting areas of M. leucadendron in Qinzhou, Guangxi were investigated, mainly through route surveys and standard plot surveys, supplemented by fixed-point monitoring, regular surveys and indoor rearing observations. The study focused on the composition, diversity and occurrence dynamics of the main pest communities in M. leucadendron and its mixed plantations. (Result) There were 28 species of main pests belonging to 22 families in M. leucadendron plantations, including Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Dermaptera and Thysanoptera, with the highest numbers of pests in the Lepidoptera and Hemiptera. Higher numbers were found in M. leucadendron Eucalyptus mixed plantations, with significant damage to leaves by Euricania ocellus, Bombotelia sp., Strepsicrates coriariae, Jankowskia fuscaria and Hyalopterus arundimis. Among the three types of stands, B. jocosatrix caused the most severe damage in the mixed plantations, the highest number of pest species was found in the mixed forests of M. leucadendron P. macrophyllus and the pest diversity was the lowest in the pure stands. The pest occurrence dynamics were more stable and the damage was less severe in the M. leucadendron x P. macrophyllus mixed plantations. There were differences in the abundance of pests and Chaol index among different stand types, with the M. leucadendron Eucalyptus mixed plantations having a higher pest abundance and Chaol index. The occurrence dynamics of B. jocosatrix and M. phaseoli varied among different stands, with the earliest outbreaks of B. jocosatrix in the M. leucadendron Eucalyptus mixed plantations and M. phaseoli in the pure M. leucadendron stands. (Conclusion】 Mixed plantations of M. leucadendron with different species can help improve pest occurrence and diversity, with the M. leucadendron x P. macrophyllus mixed plantations reducing the occurrence of major pests among the three stand types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper aimed to reveal the community structure and species diversity of soil bacteria in different habitats of the Sichuan section of Zoige National Natural Park. [Method] The study employed high-throughput sequencing technology to study the diversity and community structure of soil bacteria in the soils from five different habitats (subalpine meadow soil, cinnamon soils, bog soils, aeolian soils and meadow soils) in the Sichuan section of Zoige National Park and discussed the relationship between soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure. [Result] (i) The taxonomic analysis of soil bacteria revealed the identification of 36 phyla, with the dominant bacteria encompassing Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteriota and Chloroflexi. (ii) In a-diversity analysis, subalpine meadow soils (YGS) showed the highest Chaol, Observed Species, Shannon and Simpson index, indicating the highest bacterial community richness and diversity in soil. (iii) In ẞ-diversity analysis, the high overlap among cinnamon soils (HT), bog soils (ZZT), YGS and aeolian soils (ST) suggested a similar composition of bacterial communities among these four soil types in the region, while meadow soils (CD) bacteria community showed significant differences (P<0.05). (iv) In RDA redundancy analysis of different habitats, Actinobacteriota showed a positive correlation with soil pH; Proteobacteria showed a positive correlation with soil pH and total potassium (TK); Firmicutes showed significant positive correlations with soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and moisture content (MC). [Conclusion] The research results reveal that the differences in the composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities in different habitats of the Sichuan section of Zoige National Natural Park, as well as the strong correlation of these differences with environmental factors. The finding not only contributes to a deeper understanding of soil microbial ecology but also provides a scientific basis for the management of soil ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to improve the efficiency of mycorrhizal synthesis between Lactarius deliciosus-Pinus spp. and to screen potential mycorrhizal helper bacteria (MHB) from the soil at the stipe base of Lactarius sp.. [Method] Bacterial strains were isolated from the soil at the stipe base of Lactarius sp.. Extracellular metabolites of the purified bacteria were obtained from the centrifuged liquid culture. L. deliciosus was inoculated on the PDA with different concentrations of extracellular metabolites and the ordinary PDA. The diameter and density of the mycelium after 30 days of inoculation at 25 °C were detected. Additionally, the potential MHB was identified based on morphological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequences. [Result] Three strains, L1, 12 and 13, were proved to be potential MΗΒ. When extracellular metabolites of L1, L2 and 13 were added at 2.5%, they could promote the mycelium growth significantly (the colony diameter increased by 33.6%, 55.6% and 75.4%, respectively). When the extracellular metabolites of three strains were mixed in different combinations, at a mixture addition of 5.0%, the combinations L1-13 and L1-12-13 increased the mycelial diameter by 36.9% and 42. 5%, respectively. The extracellular metabolites of 13 increased the mycelium density of L. deliciosus when it was added at 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5%, and the best effect was observed at 7.5%. The combinations of L1-13 and L1-12-13 also improved the mycelium density. Based on morphological characteristic and analysis of 16S rDNA gene sequences, L1, L2 and L3 were identified as Bacillus altitudinsis, B. cereus and B. zanthoxyli, respectively. [Conclusion] B. altitudinsis, B. cereus and B. zanthoxyli are proved to be potential mycorrhizal helper bacteria, and the best potential MHB is B. zanthoxyli in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to analyze the spatial-temporal agglomeration changes and driving factors of three major oil crops in China from 2000 to 2020, namely soybean, peanut and rape, so as to provide reference for optimizing the production layout of edible oil crops. [Method] The spatiotemporal agglomeration evolution characteristics and driving factors of soybean, peanut and rape production were analyzed by using the gravity shift model, exploratory spatial data analysis, spatiotemporal geographical weighted regression model and other methods. [Result] (i) The yield of soybean was the highest, followed by peanut, and the yield of rape was the lowest. The yield of soybeans showed a significant fluctuation increase, while the yield of rapeseed and peanut showed a slight fluctuation increase. Soybean production was mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Henan and Anhui. Peanut production was mainly distributed in Shandong, Henan and Guangdong. Rape production was mainly distributed in Sichuan, Hubei and Hunan. (ii) From 2000 to 2020, the yield agglomeration degree of three oil crops showed a weakening trend, and the high-high accumulation areas of soybean yield were in Heilongjiang and Jilin, and the low-low accumulation area was in Xinjiang; The high-high accumulation areas of peanut yield were in Shandong, Henan and Anhui, and the low-low accumulation area was in Xinjiang; The high-high accumulation areas of rape yield were in Hubei, Anhui and Jiangxi, and the low-low accumulation area was in Inner Mongolia. The production center of soybean moved to the northwest from Tanghai county in Hebei province to Ningcheng county in Inner Mongolia. The production center of peanut was located in Henan province and was moving to- wards the northwest of Henan province; The production center of rapeseed shifted to the southwest from Nanzhang county in Hubei province to Fengjie county in Chongqing. (iii) The driving factors of different oil production had different effects in different provinces. Soybean pro- duction was mainly affected by population density, fertilizer application and GDP growth rate; Peanut production was mainly affected by chemical fertilizer application, total mechanical power and irrigation area; Rapeseed production was mainly affected by population density, urbanization rate and road density. [Conclusion] The production of three main oil crops has obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics, and the influencing factors are different, which are mainly affected by social and economic factors such as chemical fertilizer application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective) The paper aimed to explore the methods of ecological network construction, typical area division and method of optimizing the overall network layout in karst region, so as to provide reference for the spatial layout and mode optimization of the integrated urban-rural development and ecological civilization construction in Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (Qianxinan Prefecture) in a rational and orderly manner. (Method) The constraint factors were screened based on spatial principal component analysis to form a comprehensive resistance surface. The method of morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and the model of minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) were used to identify important ecological corridor and ecological node and build ecological network to divide typical area. Combined with ecological fault points and ecological breakpoints, the suggestions for overall optimization of ecological network and partition control were put forward. (Result] Habitat patches in Qianxinan Prefecture showed obvious zoning variability, with the core area of 5908.81 km2, which was centrally and continuously distributed in the southeastern and southwestern regions of the study area, with high habitat quality. The northern and central regions were more distributed with banded cropland, which broke the spatial continuity of the forested land, resulting in more serious fragmentation of patches in the core area. A total of 44 ecological source sites with patch area larger than 1 km2 were identified based on MSPA. 55 potential ecological corridors were generated based on the MCR model, with a total length of 2563.422 kilometers. 43 ecological nodes were identified based on the ecological network construction of the ecological corridors. The ecological network was mainly distributed in the southeastern part of the study area. There were relatively few ecological sources in the central and northern parts of the study area, resulting in broken ecological corridors and a lack of channels for the exchange of material information between the northern and south- ern regions. The study area was divided into 6 ecological typical areas and the targeted control strategies were proposed, with adding 26 new ecotourism spots, 39 ecological breakpoints and 32 ecological fault points. The suggestions for optimizing overall layout of the ecological net- work were proposed. (Conclusion)] The ecological network construction and typical regional optimization in Qianxinan Prefecture are conducive to the formation of a more continuous and complete ecological protection pattern and spatial network system, thus providing a scientific ecological network paradigm for the construction of ecological network in karst areas and a scientific strategy for the integrated development of urban and rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the pathogenicity and dominant physiological groups and physiological races of Magnaporthe oryzae in Guangxi, analyze avirulence genes, find out the composition and distribution of physiological races and avirulence genes, providing reference for resistance breeding and variety promotion. [Method] Pathogenicity of 128 M. oryzae single spore isolates from 4 rice growing regions of southern Guangxi (Guinan), central Guangxi (Guizhong), northern Guangxi (Guibei) and alpine region were deter- mined by artificial spraying inoculation on the 7 unified identification of varieties in China and 26 near-isogenic lines (NILs) that contained only one resistance gene. (Result) Among the 128 rice blast strains, the proportion of strong pathogenic strains was 60.16%. The 128 M. oryzae strains could be divided into 7 groups and 26 physiological races, and the dominant group was ZB with a frequency of 69.53%. Dominant physiological races were ZB13 and ZB,, whose frequencies were 25.00% and 14.84%. Virulence frequency of the tested isolates ranged from 28.12% to 100.00%. Among them, the virulence frequency of the isolates group to resistance genes Pik, Pikm, Pil and Pi9 was lower, with frequencies of 28. 12%, 28.91%, 35.94% and 37.50%, respectively. Avirulence genes corresponding to the tested resistance genes were detected in the collected rice blast fungi, and 15 avirulence genes were detected in the four regions. Avirulence genes Aur-Pia (1), Aur-Pia(2), Aur-Pii, Aur-Pik, Aur-Pib, Aur-Pit, Aur-Pish (2), Aur-Pi3(1), Aur-Pi5 (1), Aur-Pil2(t) and Avr-Pi19(t) occurred at a frequency less than 20.00%. Most of isolates contained 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 avirulence genes with combination frequency of 19.53%, 11.72%, 11.72%, 15.63% and 10. 16% in the tested strains. [Conclusion] Rice blast fungi in Guangxi from 2021 have strong pathogenicity. The dominant physiological group is ZB and dominant physiological races are ZB13 and ZB9. Avirulence genes Aur-Pia (1), Avr-Pia (2), Aur-Pii, Aur-Pik, Aur-Pib, Aur-Pit, Avr-Pish (2), Aur-Pi3 (1), Aur-Pi5(1), Aur-Pil2(t) and Aur-Pil9(t) occurr at low frequency, which suggests that resistance genes corresponding to the avirulence genes should not be suitable for applying rice breeding and variety distribution in Guangxi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective) The purpose of the paper was to select the best planting mode suitable for improving the soil quality of tobacco-planting paddy soil, as well as the quality and efficiency of tobacco leaves, and effectively integrating flue-cured tobacco with diversified industries in Yunnan province. [Method] Using the flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87 as material, a 3-year field experiment was conducted on paddy soil, and five treatments were set up: Flue-cured tobacco continuous cropping (TI, CK), 2-year alfalfa rotation-1-year flue-cured tobacco rotation (T2), 1-year alfalfa rotation-2-year flue-cured tobacco rotation (T3), flue-cured tobacco intercropping corn (T4), flue-cured to-bacco morchel rotation (T5), to explore the effects of planting patterns on soil physicochemical characteristics, soil microbial quantity, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. [Result] Compared with T1 (CK), soil bulk density decreased by 2.47% to 21.77% after rotation and in- tercropping, and soil porosity, cation exchange capacity, contents of organic matter, hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased significantly, and soil water soluble chlorine had no significant change. Moreover, it could increase the content of large and medium particle size aggregates and improve the soil structure and stability. The number of fungi, bacteria and actinomyces in rotation and intercropping rhizosphere soil were significantly increased by 61.82%-176.4%, 13.0%-49.73% and 25.38% 130.05%, re- spectively. Meantime, the microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and carbon nitrogen ratio increased by 13.81% 60.38%, 9.96% 52. 40% and 3.51% -5.48%, respectively. The leaf area, proportion of high-grade, yield and output value of tobacco were significantly increased, and output value of T2 and T5 was the highest, which were significantly increased by 43. 28% and 50.22% compared with T1 (CK), respectively. Compared with T1 (CK), the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar and oxides potassium in T2, T3, T4 and 15 were significantly increased by 13.96%-56.51%, 7.46% -27.91% and 40.76% 52.72%. The contents of total nitrogen and nicotine in tobacco leaf decreased by 4.13% 11.00% and 3.39% -16.41%. [Conclusion] The use of flue-cured tobacco-alfalfa' and flue-cured tobacco-morchella' rotation mode can improve soil fertility, soil permeability, aggregate structure and soil microbial community abundance, which is beneficial to increase tobacco yield and output value, and improve the coordination of tobacco chemical composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The purpose of the paper was to study the diversity and growth promoting potential of culturable endophytic fungi in Neuwiedia singapureana, and provide a reference for the exploration of endophytic fungi resources in Hainan of China. (Method) The endo- phytic fungi strains of N. singapureana rooted from the Dialuoshan Nature Reserve in Hainan province were identified by culture method, combined with ITS sequencing, and the phosphorus dissolving and growth promotion ability of some fungi was tested. The endophytic fungi was co-cultured with the protocorms of D. officinale and A. rigida, to test their effects on the growth of the two orchids. (Result) By free- hand sections and microscopic observation, the fungal hypha in the cortex of root of the N. singapureana could be clearly observed. 24 OTUS were obtained, belonging to nine families and 14 genera, among which Trichoderma in Moniliaceae family had the highest isolation rate, with five genera (eg. Cylindrocarpon, Gliocephalotrichum) strains in Nectriaceae followed. Among them, five strains showed different degrees of phosphorus-decompressing ability, contaning Apiotrichum sp. (Neu242), Cylindrocarpon spp. (Neu83 and Neul54), Gliocladiopsis sp. (Neu245) and Mucor sp. (Neul23). Morover, Mucor sp. Neu123 and Apiotrichum sp. Neu242, showed significantly promoting effects on the growth of D. officinale and A. rigida seedlings. [Conclusion] There are abundant culturable fungi in the roots of N. singapureana. The endophytic fungi with potential phosphorus-soluble ability are screened from N. singapureana roots, which can provide growth-promoting strain resources for the artificial breeding of orchids, and also lay a foundation for the research on the mechanism of orchid mycorrhiza symbiotic phosphorus nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper aimed to comprehend the expression characteristics of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase from Pinus yunnanensis and its involvement in lignin biosynthesis. (Method) The relative concentrations of 18 specific small molecules within the lignin pathway were assessed in the stems, buds, and needles of one-year-old P. yunnanensis. Additionally, the CAD genes of P. yunnanensis were identified, cloned and bioinformatics analyzed by comprehensive analysis of transcriptome data. RT-qPCR was employed to examine their expression patterns across various tissues. (Result] The findings revealed that among the 18 lignin pathway molecules, the relative con- tent of 5-0-caffeoylshikimic acid, 5-0-p-coumaroyl shikimic acid, and caffeic acid were higher in the buds, while the relative content of 3- O-p-coumaroyl quinic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, coniferylaldehyde, L-phenylalanine, coniferyl alcohol, p-coumaryl alcohol, L- (-)-tyrosine, sinapinaldehyde were higher in the stems. In addition, the relative content of coniferin, p-coumaraldehyde, caffeic aldehyde, and syringin were higher in the needles. Four members of the CAD family were screened from the transcriptome of P. yunnanensis, and phylogenetic analysis showed that PyCAD-3 of P. yunnanensis was homologous to AtCADI, and PyCAD-1, PyCAD-2 and PyCAD-4 were closely related to CAD of Pinus, AtCAD4 and ALCAD5. The results of correlation analysis showed that the PyCAD-1 and PyCAD-2 were closely related to small molecules in the lignin pathway upstream and downstream. The open reading frame of PyCAD-1 and PyCAD-2 was 570 and 1083 bp, respectively, and the molecular weights of PyCAD-1 and PyCAD-2 were 20.38 and 39.30 kDa, respectively. The results of RT-qPCR showed that the relative expression of PyCAD-1 was the highest in bud and tender stem, and PyCAD-2 was the highest in tender stem. [Conclusion] It is speculated that PyCAD-2 may be directly involved in lignin biosynthesis, while PyCAD-1 may have some functional redundancy. The study provides a theoretical basis for studying CAD genes family and genes related to the lignin metabolism pathway of P. yunnanensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective) The present paper aimed to obtain the complete sequence of SsREMO-la gene, conduct tissue-specific expression, qPCR expression analysis, sub-cellular localization study, and the phenotypic changes of Arabidopsis thaliana with SsREMO-la gene transfer and the expression pattern of CAT-1 gene. (Method) The complete sequence of SsREMO-la gene was obtained by PCR, purification, cloning and sequencing from Hainan sugarcane wild species (Sp-24). Drought stress was applied to the normal growth of the seedlings. Young leaves, roots and stems at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days after the stress treatment were collected for tissue-specific expression analysis and qPCR analysis. The tissue location and function of SsREMO-1a were analyzed by tobacco sub-cellular mapping and gene transformation techniques. PB1221-SSREMO-1a-GFP fusion expression vector was constructed and transformed into tobacco for cell localization analysis. The over-ex- pression vector pCAMBIA 1304-SsREMO-la was constructed, and SsREMO-1a was introduced into A. thaliana by agrobacterium transformation. The phenotypes of plants at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days after drought stress and the expression of CAT-1 gene were observed. [Result] The full length of SsREMO-1a gene was 738 bp, and the open code frame (ORF) was 564 bp, encoding 187 amino acids. Tissue-specific expression showed that SsREMO-1a was expressed in roots, stems and leaves. qPCR results showed that the gene was induced by drought stress and showed significantly up-regulated expression. The results of sub-cellular localization showed that SsREMO-1a protein was localized on the cell membrane. A total of 11 transgenic A. thaliana lines were obtained, and the drought resistance identification showed that the transgenic plants could improve the drought resistance of the plants. The expression of CAT-1 gene in transgenic plants was significantly in- creased. [Conclusion] SsREMO-1a can improve the drought resistance of plants and regulate CAT-1 gene to some extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper aimed to explore the function of the phosphoproteinase 1 (EbPP1) gene related to the number of leaves in Erigeron breviscapus, which lays the foundation for revealing the molecular mechanisms of E. breviscapus leaf number and flowering time. [Method) The EbPP1 gene from the leaves of E. breviscapus was cloned and constructed into the plant overexpression vector RP101. The dip- ping flower method was used to infect newly bolted Arabidopsis thaliana plants for heterologous expression, several T1, T2 and T, generations of A. thaliana positive plants were obtained through screening. Finally, the number of leaves and flowering time of T3 generation positive plants were counted. The expression level of EbPPI was detected by RT-qPCR, and the endogenous hormone content of A. thaliana plants was measured. [Result] The full-length EbPP1 gene was successfully cloned and overexpression vector RP101-GFP EbPP1 was constructed for this gene, cloned stable genetic transformation had been achieved in A. thaliana, and 24 positive EbPPI transgenic plants were obtained in the T3 generation. Real time fluorescence quantitative analysis was performed on the T3 generation positive plants, and RT-qPCR results showed that the EbPP1 gene was overexpressed in the transgenic A. thaliana, with its expression level increasing from 1.034 in the wild type to 136.33; Transgenic A. thaliana exhibited phenotypic characteristics of increased leaf number and delayed flowering time; Quantitative determination of endogenous hormone content in plants by LC-MS showed that the content of various hormones such as indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICA) and gibberellin-24 (GA24) in T3 transgenic A. thaliana were significantly higher than that in the wild type, with the precursor substance of growth hormone L-tryptophan (TRP) being particularly significant, reaching three times that of the wild type. [Conclusion] Suc- cessfully, the heterologously EbPPI gene is expressed in A. thaliana plants. Compared with wild A. thaliana plants, transgenic A. thaliana plants have an increased number of leaves, increase its expression of EbPPI gene, and increase endogenous hormone content. Based on the above results, it is suggested that EbPP1 may affect the number of leaves and flowering time of E. breviscapus by regulating plant hormone levels. The study lays the foundation for further analyzing the mechanisms related to the development of leaf number and flowering molecular mechanisms of E. breviscapus, and also provides a certain genetic basis for the breeding of high-quality E. breviscapus varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper aimed to study the effects of combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on SPAD value, photo- synthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation, transport, grain filling rate and yield of spring wheat in irrigation area of northern Xinjiang, which provided a basis for rational application of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and combined application of biochar in irrigation area of northern Xinjiang and increasing yield and efficiency of farmland. (Method) In the study, the high-quality spring wheat variety Xinchun 37' in Xinjiang was used as the test material, and a randomized block design was used, four nitrogen fertilizer levels were set up as non-nitro- gen fertilizer (NO:0 kg/hm²), conventional nitrogen fertilizer (N1: 300 kg/hm²), nitrogen fertilizer reduction 15% (N²: ²55 kg/hm²), nitrogen fertilizer reduction 30% (N3: ²10 kg/hm²); Two biochar levels were set up as non-biochar (BO:0 kg/hm²) and biochar (B1: ²0 x 10³ kg/hm²), including 8 treatments as BONO, BINO, BONI, BINI, BON², BIN², BON3, BI N3; The SPAD value of flag leaf, photosynthetic indexes (net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular CO, concentration), dry matter accumulation and transport during growth period, grain filling rate, yield and its composition of spring wheat were measured, to clarifying the effects of different a-mounts of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar on the growth of spring wheat. (Result) Compared with non-biochar and non-nitrogen fertilizer (BONO),15% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer combined with biochar (B1N²) could significantly increased the SPAD value of flag leaf, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, dry matter accumulation and transport rate, grain filling rate and yield of spring wheat. Under the BIN² treatment, the SPAD value increased by 13.17%-91.70%, the net photosynthetic rate increased by 17.4²% 87.30%, the stomatal conductance increased by 16.00%-²9.41%, and the transpiration rate increased by ²5.35% -79.81%. At the maturity stage of spring wheat, the dry matter of grains increased by ²8.87%, and the yield increased by 30.²3%. [Conclusion] Appropriate amount of biochar ²0 x 10³ kg/hm² and nitrogen fertilizer ²55 kg/hm² (B1 N²) can initially achieve the purpose of increasing spring wheat yield and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application, and provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of scientific application strategies of nitro- gen fertilizer and biochar in farmland in northern Xinjiang irrigation area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper aimed to study the effects of biochar application on the quality of cured tobacco, soil mutrients and soil microbial community structure. (Method) A randomised block group field experiment was conducted using Yunyan 87 as the experimental mate rial. Four treatments were set up (SWT1: Conventional fertilization; SWT2: Conventional fertilization biochar 1500 kg/hm²; SWT3: Conventional fertilization + biochar 2250 kg/hm²; SWT4: Conventional fertilization biochar 3000 kg/hm²) to determine the chemical composition, sensory quality of cured tobacco and the soil nutrients, rhizosphere soil hacterial diversity of the cured tobacco at maturity. [Result] The application of biochar had no significant influence on the soil nutrients and chemical composition of cured tobacco. Compared with the SWTI treatment, the sensory quality of cured tobacco was significantly improved in all treatments of biochar application, among which SWT3 treat- ment showed the best performance with 13.85%,6.56%,10.87%,8.70%,4.62%,12.31% and 6.25% improvement in amma quality, aroma amount, concentration, strength, impurities, usage value, and total score, respectively. With the increase of biochar application rate, the bacterial richness (Chaol index), diversity (Shannon indes), total ASV number and unique ASV number in the rhizosphere soil of flue- cured tobacco showed a decreasing trend. Compared with SWT1 treatment, the difference in microbial community structure composition incre aed with the increase of biochar application rate. The dominant phyla of each treatment were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacte ria, At the phylum classification level, there was no significant difference in the community structure composition among different treatments. The application of biochar increased the relative abundance of f Rhizobiaceae, g Allorhizobium, Neorhizobium, g Pararhizobium, g Rhizobium and other nitrogen fixing bacteria, as well as funcultured_Actinobacterium, f Burkholderiaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, o Pseudomonadale, g Pseudomonas, g Sphingopyxis, & Dyella, g Massilin and other growth promoting bacteria. The application of biochar decreased the relative abundance of denitrifying bacteria such as sunclassified_Anaerolinencrar and g unclassified Caulobacteracene. At the ASV classification level, AN was the dominant factor affecting the changes in soil bacterial community structure. [Conclusion] The application of biochar improve the sensory quality of cured tobacco leaves, with SWT3 treatment (2250 kg/hm²) performing the best. The application of biochar reduce thizosphere soil bacteria a-diversity, and increase the relative abundance of beneficial hacteria such as nitrogen fixing bacteria, growth promoting bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria in the thizosphere soil, which is beneficial for increasing soil nutrients and promoting plant growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to study the effects of application amounts of biochar from different Eucalyptus branches an soil phosphorus transformation and availability, to evaluate the potential of soil phosphorus activation, and to provide a basis for the practical application of biochar in agricultural and forestry soil improvement. Method) In a long-term positioning test of biochar application from 2017, six different treatments were selected: 0(CK),0.5% (T1), 1.0% (12),2.0%(T3), 4.0% (T4), and 6.0% (15) in terms of mass percentage of biochar to sail. The contents of soil total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), inorganic phosphorus (IP) and organic phosphorus (OP) components in different soil [Method] In a long-term positioning test of biochar application from 2017, six different treatments were selected: 0% （CK), 0.5% （T1), 1.0% （T2), 2.0% （T3), 4.0% （T4), and 6.0% （T5） in terms of mass percentage of biochar to soil. The contents of soil total phosphorus （TP), available phosphorus（AP), inorganic phosphorus （IP） and organic phosphorus （OP） components in different soil layers of 0～10 cm, 10～20 cm and 20～30 cm following the different treatments were measured after five years of biochar application.【Result】Compared with the CK, soil TP, AP, dicalcium phosphorus(Ca2-P), aluminium phosphate（Al-P), ferric phosphate（Fe-P), ocalcium phosphorus(Ca8-P), labile organic phosphorus （LOP), and moderately labile organic phosphorus （MLOP） and phosphorus activation coefficient （PAC） in 0-30 cm soil layers all significantly increased with the application of biochar（P＜0.05), and soil decalcium phosphorus(Ca10-P), occluded phosphorus （O-P), moderately resistant organic phosphorus （MROP） and highly resistant organic phosphorus （HROP） all decreased, respectively. In 0-30 cm, the trend of the average value of IP and OP components under different biochar treatments followed the increasing order of Fe-P＞Al-P＞O-P＞Ca8-P＞Ca2-P＞Ca10-P, moderately labile organic phosphorus（MLOP）＞labile organic phosphorus（LOP） ＞MROP＞HROP. The contents of TP, AP, IP, and OP in soil all decreased with the deepening of the soil layer. AP was extremely significantly positive correlated with pH, soil organic matter（SOM), TP, Ca2-P, Ca8-P, Al-P, Fe-P, LOP and MLOP respectively（P＜0.01). The principal component analysis revealed that biochar had a positive effect on soil IPcomponents, OP components, and AP. Compared to OP components, biochar had a greater impact on soil IP components.【Conclusion】In summary, the Eucalyptus branch waste biochar significantly increased the content of soil AP and phosphorus forms after five years of application by releasing of phosphorus content from biochar itself and its positive impact on soil physico-chemical properties, it promoted the conversion of insoluble phosphorus to effective phosphorus and organic phosphorus to inorganic phosphorus in the soil, which was conducive to improving the availability and supply capacity of soil phosphorus [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to study the effects of exogenous straw carbon addition on the organic carbon composition and rice growth characteristics of calcareous paddy soil in karst area, providing reference basis for exploring the changes in carbon composition of alcareous paddy soil in karst areas. 【Method】The rice pot experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of Yanshan Campus of Guilin University of Technology in March 2023, and the experiment period was 120 d. A total of 19 treatments were set up in the pot experiment. In the treatment that only added straw carbon, 0.5%, 1.0% and 3.0% （dry soil mass ratio） crushed straw, straw compost and straw biochar were added, respectively. In the treatment of adding straw carbon and calcium carbonate, the carbon content of the three kinds of straw was 1.0%, and on this basis, 0, 10.0% and 20.0% （dry soil mass ratio） calcium carbonate were added, respectively. At the same time, the control （CK） treatment without adding any substances was set up. The growth characteristics of rice and the changes of soil organic carbon components microbial biomass carbon （MBC), dissolved organic carbon （DOC), granular organic carbon （POC） and their influencing factors were analyzed.【Result】The type and amount of straw carbon had an impact on the content of organic carbon components in the soil. Adding 0.5% straw compost resulted in the highest MBC content in soil （235.73 mg/kg), while adding 1.0% straw compost resulted in the highest DOC content in soil （221.50 mg/kg). The soil treated with 3.0% straw biochar had the highest POC content （36.20 mg/kg). The content of calcium carbonate in soil also affected the composition of soil organic carbon. When the content of calcium carbonate was 20.0%, the soil MBC contents in the treatments adding three straw carbons were the highest. The soil with 10.0% calcium carbonate+1.0% straw compost had the highest DOC content （195.60 mg/kg). The effects of adding three kinds of straw carbon on the growth of rice were as follows: straw biochar ＞ straw compost ＞ broken straw. Among them, the rice with 0.5% straw biochar added had the best growth, with an average plant height of 102 cm and root length of 50 cm. Addition 3.0% crushed straw had the strongest inhibitory effect on rice growth. With the increase of calcium carbonate addition, the rice plant height treated by straw compost increased first and then decreased, and the addition of 10.0% calcium carbonate had a stronger effect on plant height. The correlation analysis results showed that the amount of straw biochar was significantly negatively correlated with soil DOC content （P ＜ 0.05, the same below), and extremely significantly positively correlated with soil POC content （P ＜ 0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between calcium carbonate addition and soil DOC content.【Conclusion】Exogenous straw carbon has a positive excitation effect on the active organic carbon components in calcareous paddy soil, which can greatly increase the contents of MBC, DOC and POC in soil, and the addition of straw carbon and calcium carbonate has a synergistic effect on the increase of soil active carbon components. Adding low amount of straw carbon can promote rice growth, and straw biochar has the most obvious promoting effect. Adding straw compost and straw biochar to soils with 10.0% and 20.0% calcium carbonate concentrations can promote rice growth [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to further clarify the metabolic mechanism of applying biochar to soil under long-term saline irrigation, and to explore and analyze the differences in the composition of metabolic markers in biochar applied soil. 【Method】The experiment was set with two irrigation water salinities, fresh water （FW） and saline water （SW）, and biochar was applied at each water salinity, represented by FWBC and SWBC. The metabolomics method of gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry （GC-TOF-MS） was used to study the composition of metabolites in cotton field soil.【Result】Under freshwater irrigation conditions, the application of biochar significantly increased the soil moisture content, electrical conductivity, pH, total carbon, available potassium, and available phosphorus by 30.4%, 14.3%, 1.4%, 22.8%, 39.9% and 18.7% compared to the treatment without biochar; Under saline irrigation conditions, the application of biochar significantly increased the content of total carbon, total nitrogen, available potassium, and available phosphorus in the soil by 9.8%, 4.8%, 33.7% and 48.7% compared to the treatment without biochar, but the soil conductivity significantly decreased by 14.5%. Under freshwater irrigation, biochar was applied and a total of 5 metabolites with significant differences （P＜0.05） were selected, all of which showed downregulation; Under saline water irrigation, 22 metabolites with significant differences （P＜0.05） were screened by applying biochar, all of which showed upregulation. The classification of soil metabolites mainly included lipid and lipid molecules, organic acids and their derivatives, organic oxygen compounds, benzene ring compounds, organic heterocyclic compounds, phenylpropanoids, and polyketone metabolites. Among them, furoic acid and niacin screened under saline irrigation conditions belong to the organic heterocyclic compounds, lactulose and 2-aminophenol belong to the organic oxygen compounds, and 3-hydroxy-2-aminobenzoic acid belongs to the benzene ring compounds.【Conclusion】The application of biochar can improve soil physical and chemical properties, increase the types and abundance of metabolites in saline irrigated soil, effectively alleviate the harm caused by long-term saline irrigation, and provide certain ideas for the rational development and utilization of saline water resources in arid areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to investigate the effects of rearing material nutrients and juvenile hormone Ⅲ (JHIII) on the growth and development of Hepialus menyuanicus larvae, and to clarify the direct and indirect relationships between rearing material nutrients and JHIII on the growth and development of larvae using through path analysis. [Method] The newly molted 3rd instar larvae were studied with coconut flour as the rearing substrate, and a two-factor experimental design was used with four rearing materials[J: (Potentilla anserina), H: (Daucus carota), Z: (Polygonum viviparum) and D: (Rheum palmatum) ]and three JHIII titer levels (B1: 13.32 μg/g, B2: 16.56 μg/g and B3: 22.76 μg/g) were reared on larvae, and the reared materials were analyzed for crude protein, crude fiber, soluble sugar, crude ash, water content, carbohydrate and JHIII on larval growth and development (head width, body length, body weight and survival rate) were analyzed by regression analysis and path analysis. [Result] Both rearing materials and JHIII significantly affected the growth and development of larvae with a significant interaction effect (P＜0.05) .Path analysis showed that JHIII had the greatest direct effect on larval head width, body length, body weight and survival rate (P=-2.56, P=-1.89, P=-3.66, P=2.36) .Crude protein had the greatest indirect promoting effect on head width and body length (P=3.99, P=3.79), soluble sugar had the greatest indirect promoting effect on body weight (P=5.40), and crude ash had the greatest indirect inhibitory effect on survival (P=-5.14), and crude protein, soluble sugar, and crude ash all had the greatest indirect effects on head width and body length, body weight, and survival through JHIII (P=2.23, P=1.64, P=2.93, P=-2.86) . [Conclusion] The paper preliminarily finds the simple mechanism of feeding materials affecting the growth and development of larvae.JHIII is a direct factor affecting the growth and development of larvae, while nutrients in rearing materials are an indirect factor and affect larval growth and development through changes in JHIII titer.The nutrients of rearing materials lead to inconsistent growth and development of larvae by affecting the JHIII titer of the larvae.Among them, crude protein, soluble sugar and crude ash promote the growth of head width and body length of larvae, promote the development of body weight and reduce the survival rate of larvae by inhibiting the JHIII titer.The study provides a scientific reference for the artificial domestication and succession rearing of H.menyuanicus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to promote the more effective transformation of agricultural scientific and technological a- chievements, it is necessary to build a stable transformation model and a scientific and reasonable profit distribution mechanism. [Method] The paper summarized the typical transformation models through field research on the relevant subjects involved in the transformation of agri- cultural scientific and technological achievements in Sichuan province. Considering the risk-taking, technological innovation and cooperation degree of participants, the paper constructed a benefit distribution model for the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological a- chievements based on the modified Shapley value method, and made a theoretical and empirical analysis on the benefit distribution mecha- nism of each subject in the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements. [Result】(i) Government, research insti- tute, agricultural enterprises, dealers/retailers, village collective economic organizations, cooperatives/family farms/farmers have formed the transformation models of public welfare, operation and poverty alleviation. Resource sharing, complementary advantages, and coordinated development among cooperative entities in different models were conducive to reducing transaction costs, improving the efficiency of profes- sional division, realizing economies of scale and scope, and creating higher overall returns and individual benefits. (ii) Constructing a trans- formation model of agricultural scientific and technological achievements led by agricultural enterprises formed a higher efficiency of scientific and technological resource allocation and promoted the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements. (iii) The re- vised benefit distribution method was more realistic and conducive to the long-term stability of cooperation due to the inclusion of the influ- ence of risk-taking, technological innovation and cooperation degree of participants. 【Conclusion】 By increasing policy support for agricultur-al enterprises leading scientific and technological innovation, enhancing the synergy of cooperative innovation among different subjects, and establishing a scientific and reasonable benefit distribution mechanism, it is conducive to promoting the effective transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to study VdActin7 gene expression pattern in different tissues of Vaccinium dunalianum Wight.【Method】The cDNA and DNA of VdActin7 gene were successfully cloned by PCR technique based on the transcriptome database of 3 generations of V. dunalianum. The expression of VdActin7 gene in young leaves, mature leaves, flower buds, flowers, green fruits, red fruits, green fruit stems and red fruit stems of V. dunalianum was further detected and analyzed using qRT-PCR technique. 【Result】The full length of VdActin7 gene and cDNA were 1657 and 1387 bp, respectively, which contained 3 introns, namely, intron1 of 93 bp, intron2 of 89 bp and intron3 of 88 bp. It had an open reading frame length of 1134 bp, encoding 377 amino acids. The protein VdActin7 with a relative molecular weight of 41.70 KD and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.31, was a stable hydrophilic protein, without signal peptide and transmembrane domain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the VdActin7 was closest to V. ashei Actin7, which also belonged to the Vaccinium family. The codon usage bias analysis of the VdActin7 gene showed that GC contents of codon(GC) and 3rd nucleotide in codon GC3s were 48.2% and 44.1%, respectively, the effective number of codon(ENC) was 49.28%, a total of high-frequency codons was 31. The codon bias was similar to that of Ziziphus, both with the strongest bias for CUU, followed by GUU, and the bias for CUU was significantly stronger in V. dunalianum(3.43) than that in Ziziphus(2.57). qRT-PCR analysis showed that the VdActin7 gene expression showed obvious tissue specificity, with the highest in young leaves while lower expression in mature leaves and flowers, meanwhile no detectable expression or no expression in fruits, suggesting that the VdActin7 gene might play an important role in the development of young leaves. 【Conclusion】In the paper, we reported the Actin7 gene sequence and its characteristics in V. dunalianum for the first time, and found that the VdActin7 gene had tissue expression specificity. This laid the foundation for further study of VdActin7 gene function, expression regulation and mechanism of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to compare the effects of adding different probiotics in feed on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and serum biochemical indicators of Salmon trutta. [Method] 630 S. trutta with an initial body weight of (84.57 ±1.83) g were selected for the experiment and randomly divided into 7 groups, with 3 parallel fish in each group and 30 parallel fish in each group. The control group was fed with basic feed, while the experimental group was supplemented with different probiotics (Saccharomyces, EM bacteria, Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis, compound Bacillus, B. licheniformis) to the basic feed for three months. [Result] The indicators related to growth, digestion and serum biochemistry were measured and analyzed. The results showed that adding different probiotics had a growth promoting effect on the S. trutta. The average body length growth rate, average body weight growth rate, specific growth rate, food conversion rate and feeding rate of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05, the same as below); Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed an increase in liver pancreatic protease, intestinal protease, lipase, and amylase, with the EM bacteria group having the highest level, significantly higher than the other experimental groups; The activity of catalase in serum of yeast was significantly increased compared to the control group, while there was no significant difference in total protein, triglycerides, glucose, superoxide dismutase, acid phosphatase, glutamic oxalate transaminase, glutamic pyruvate transaminase, complement C3 and lysozyme indicators (P>0.05), while other bacteria had varying degrees of influence among the experimental groups. [Conclusion] Taking into account survival rate, growth characteristics, digestive enzymatic activity and serum biochemical indicators, the addition of EM bacteria has a good effect on the healthy breeding of S. trutta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]