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We describe a fundamental study on the plasmonic properties and advanced biosensing mechanisms of functionalized graphene. We discuss a specific design using modified carboxyl groups, which can modulate surface plasmon (SP) coupling and provide an advantage for their binding to the sensing layer with high-performance affinity in an immunological reaction. The functionalized graphene-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors have three advantages: high performance, high sensitivity, and excellent molecular kinetic response. In the future, functionalized graphene sheets will make a unique contribution to photonic and SPR diagnosis devices. We wish to highlight the essential characteristics of functionalized graphene-based SPR biosensors to assist researchers in developing and advancing suitable biosensors for unique applications.

This paper is intended to demonstrate a facile and effective method to construct single layer graphene films onto the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) at Au electrodes based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biochips integrated loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for tuberculosis bacillus (TB) detection. It is a novel Au-SAM-graphene nanocomposites and taking advantages of the striking properties of both graphene and Au film, fundamental understanding in hybrid material manipulation and new electrochemical properties can be obtained. The sensitivity of TB detection in the LAMP-based assay for the amplification of the Insertion Sequence 6110 (IS6110) samples was determined by a single-layer graphene/Au thin film and compared with that of a conventional Au/Cr-based SPR chips. The results show that a graphene/Au SPR offers a potentially powerful assay, with a highly sensitive analysis, that may be applicable as an important tool for bio-marker detection.