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Chalcogenide glass is widely used in infrared area for its cheap and good performance of infrared transmittance. Compare with the traditional material signal crystal germanium, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide etc. Chalcogenide glass is suit for precision molding for the low soften temperature which is suit for large mass industry production. And precision glass molding(PGM) is a kind of technology involving the molding machine, mold material, the glass, molding parameters etc. So the researches on the forming characteristic of precision glass molding are necessary. In this paper, the FEM simulation is used to assist research of the forming characteristic, especially the friction coefficient effect on the forming. At the last the surface profile compensation and micro-replication of molding is discussed.

With the development of infrared optical systems in military and civil areas, chalcogenide glass aspherical lens possess some advantages, such as large infrared transmission, good thermal stability performance and image quality. Aspherical lens using chalcogenide glass can satisfy the requirements of modern infrared optical systems. Therefore, precision manufacturing of chalcogenide glass aspheric has received more and more attention. The molding technology of chalcogenide glass aspheric has become a research hotspot, because it can achieve mass and low cost manufacturing. The article of molding technology is focusing on a kind of chalcogenide glass aspherical lens. We report on design and fabrication of the mold that through simulation analysis of molding. Finally, through molding test, the fabrication of mold’s surface and parameters of molding has been optimized, ensuring the indicators of chalcogenide glass aspherical lens meet the requirements.

Compare with the manufacturing of the traditional infrared material, such as signal crystal germanium, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide etc, chalcogenide infrared glass is suitable for precision molding for the low soften temperature to have large mass industry production. So the researches of precision glass molding are necessary, especially for the fast development of infrared product. The mold design is one of the key technologies of precision glass molding. In this paper, the mold processing of a sample chalcogenide glass from the technical drawing, mold design, molding to the lens are introduced. From the result of the precision molding, the technology of finite element simulation is a useful way to guiding the mold design. The molded lens by using mold process fit the design requirement.

A novel technique for improving measurement sensitivity of optical rotation based on photo-elastic modulation is presented. The probe laser orderly passes through a polarizer, the sample to be measured, a photo-elastic modulator(PEM), and an analyzer to be detected. Using the least optical elements to avoid the measurement error may introduced by the other optical elements in the detection light path; other than a reference light path is brought in the measurement system, and differential balance detection method is employed to obtain the AC and DC signal, the common mode noise of light source is efficiently eliminated, then the AC signal is preamplified, and output by a lock-in amplifier, the measurement sensitivity of optical rotation is enhanced further. For our verification experiment, the results show that the precision is up to 0.4％, and the sensitivity is up to 3.17×10−7 rad . So our scheme realizes more accurate and sensitive measurement of optical rotation than any one reported previously.

As the existing photoelastic modulator (PEM) resonant frequency is high (tens to hundreds of kHz), the interference signal frequency is up to hundreds of MHz, even to several GHz. Signal frequency is so high that they can not effectively be detected by charge coupled device (CCD). This paper reports a method for measuring spectroscopy using two PEMs at different frequencies. The difference frequency of dual-PEM system is 2~3 orders of magnitude lower than any one modulation frequency of the two PEMs. Operating the PEMs at slightly different resonant frequencies f 1 and f 2 respectively, the dual-PEM system generates a difference frequency modulation signal. Therefore, interference signal contains low frequency modulation components which carry the information of the incident light. And low frequency modulation component consists of a series of frequency-multiplier signals whose fundamental frequency is equal to (f 1 -f 2 )/2. The low frequency modulation components can be detected by ordinary CCD. Through Fourier transform, modulation signal of CCD is to get a series of frequency-multiplier signals amplitude. Then the incident light spectra can be obtained by the corresponding matrix operations. Furthermore, this method is to realize object imaging spectral measurement by the way of combining with CCD. The peak retardation amplitude of two PEMs does not require being complete equal, and modulation frequencies f 1 and f 2 do not also require equality. So this can reduce the difficulty of the PEM processing. What’s more, the method makes the traditional PEM have both imaging and spectroscopy measurement functions. The basic principle is introduced, the basic equations is derived, and the feasibility is verified through the corresponding numerical simulation and experiment.

Elevation data obtained by the laser altimeter describes the real lunar topography. Digital elevation modeling and data preprocessing were carried out based on source data published by China National astronomical observatories. The Feature Points Dynamic Supply Method(FPDSM) was proposed. The whole craters were identified on the moon and which characteristic parameters were calculated. Lips details can be distinguished. Light noise of image data and the difficulties to identify irregular boundary of lunar craters were reduced. Number of craters in designated areas were counted and so does the statistic distribution. The Feature Points Dynamic Supply Method was verified from three ways: the relationship between craters density and geological age ,and NASA’s statistical results of diameter-frequency, and the data available of some well-known craters. The maximum measurement error of pit center position and diameter are 15.63% and 4.39%. For the angle between the major diameter of fitted ellipse of pit lips and local north direction ,the neighboring pits have the same or similar value.

Adaptive optics is implemented in a confocal scanning fluorescence microscope with wavefront sensorless scheme. Using the image sharpness as the optimization metric, aberration correction is performed to compensate both system- and specimen-induced aberrations by using stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm based upon Zernike polynomial modes. In vivo vascular imaging of mice ear is completed and the results revealed the improved signal and resolution leading to in substantially enhanced image contrast with aberration correction which allowed us to detect clearer vasculature structures.

A compact, high-speed line scanning quasi-confocal ophthalmoscope (LSO) for retina imaging is presented in this paper. By using a line beam to illuminate the retina, meanwhile a linear array sensor is used for imaging the retina, the LSO system significantly reduces the size, complexity, and cost comparing to a conventional confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (CSLO). With only one moving scanner to provide raster scanning of the line beam of the retina, the imaging frequency achieves 160 Hz and the lateral resolution is nearly 10 μm for 1024×330 pixels imaging mode. Preliminary experiments are performed for imaging the macula, the optic nerve head and other targets, providing high resolution and high speed videos of human retina.

Diffractive optical element (DOE) shows high diffraction efficiency and good dispersion performance, which makes the optical system becoming light-weight and more miniature. In this paper, the design, processing, testing, compensation of DOE are discussed, especially the analyzing of compensation technology which based on the analyzing the DOE measurement date from Taylor Hobson PGI 1250. In this method, the relationship between shadowing effect with diamond tool and processing accuracy are analyzed. According to verification processing on the Taylor Hobson NANOFORM 250 lathe, the results indicate that the PV reaches 0.539 micron, the surface roughness reaches 4nm, the step position error is smaller than λ /10 and the step height error is less than 0.23 micron after compensation processing one time.

Due to the glass is a type of brittle material, so the high-precision free-form optics of glass material is usually machined by the technical of grinding. In this paper, for the characteristics of the diamond grinding wheel, analyzing the grinding path of free-form optics and mathematical model of the path is established based on the three-axis CNC grinding device. Moreover, the cause of the interference in the process of grinding is analyzed and the methods of avoiding. Finally, based on the above analysis results, through the experiment, the free-form optics surface accuracy was reached to 3.6um, realize the machining of the free-form optics.

The coupling of magnetic and electric fields due to the constitutive behavior of a material is commonly denoted as ME-effect. The latter is only observed in a few crystal classes exhibiting a very weak coupling which can hardly be exploited for technical applications. Much larger coupling coefficients are obtained in so called multiferroic composite materials, where ferroelectric and ferromagnetic constituents are embedded in a matrix. The MEeffect is then induced by the strain of the matrix converting electrical and magnetic energies based on the ferroelectric and magnetostrictive effects. In this paper, the theoretical background of nonlinear constitutive multifield behavior as well as the Finite Element implementation are presented. Nonlinear material models describing the magneto-ferroelectric behavior are presented. On this basis, the poling process in the ferroelectric phase is simulated and resulting effects are analyzed. Numerical simulations in general focus on the prediction of ME coupling coefficients and residual stresses going along with the poling process. Numerical homogenization, here, is a useful means to supply effective properties.

To get the typical land cover information of urban area, present a method to get four typical land covers in study area by displaying three binary index images in RGB coordinate system without any algorithms. One scene Landsat TM image was used to calculate Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Negative Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NNDVI) the paper present, and extract water information based on the spectral relationship of typical land objects. After compared the digital number of the typical land cover information of water, vegetation, impervious surface and soil in the three calculated layer, the four typical land cover information showed obvious differences. With carefully selecting appropriate threshold value for each index image, we obtained three binary images for water, vegetation and impervious surfaces. Then they were stacked to one image and assigned red to impervious surfaces, blue to water, and green to vegetation in a false color composite, and because the soil’s digital number was zero in the three binary images, it was shown black color automatically. Two hundred sample points were randomly selected for an accuracy assessment using high resolution ZY-3(China) image obtained at almost the same time as reference. The overall accuracy of the classification is 86% with the Kappa coefficient of 0.802. The result indicates that the method presented in this paper is feasible.

In order to obtain urban distribution, the decision tree classification technology is used to classify remote sensing image in the study area. Landsat TM image ,digital elevation model (DEM), and normalized water index, vegetation index and cultivated land index as well as image spectral statistical characteristics and space information characteristics are used.Through the threshold determination methods, decision tree is built to achieve a classification of six kinds of objects in the study area ,which are water body, artificial structure, bare land, cultivated land, forest land and grassland. Finally confusion matrix is used to evaluate classification results, the overall classification accuracy of the decision tree is 89.52%, the Kappa coefficient is 0.867.

Considering the characteristic of energy-saving about high power LED device, a method to decrease the junction temperature greatly under the natural convection condition is studied in this article. Using the heat pipe technology, a cooling system is designed in which the target heat source is the LED module (0.025m×0.025m×0.005m), with 30W input power. The mechanism and routes of heat transfer are analyzed in detail, the thermal network model is established to calculate the thermal resistance of each part in the cooling system, the total thermal resistance was calculated to be 0.8964°C /W and the junction temperature was 47.39°C . Meanwhile, the finite element method was used to simulate this cooling system, and got that the junction temperature was 47.54°C , and the error of the two means is only 0.15°C , it indicates that applying heat-pipe technology can solve the problem of high junction temperature in LED devices under the natural convection conditions, which can guide the actual project in the thermal design.

Non-blocking Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Diode (NB-PHOLED) is a highly simplified device structure that has achieved record high device performance on chlorinated ITO[1], flexible substrates[2], also with Pt based phosphorescent dopants[3] and NB-PHOLED has significantly reduced efficiency roll-off[4]. The principle novel features of NB-PHOLED is the absence of blocking layer in the OLED stack, as well as the absence of organic hole injection layer, this allows for reduction of carrier accumulation in between organic layers and result in higher efficiencies.

In this paper, a method of composite bridge structure packing with self-rectifier in the LED chips is introduced, based on the characteristics of PN junction of the high power LED. About dozens of low-power LED chips are pasted on the PCB boards which having good thermal conductivity in the form of bridge structure, regulating input voltage and current strength to make the LED chips at different bridge arms worked alternately by using of LED PN junction's own characteristics to achieve self-rectification. The copper cooling plates are sandwiched in the PCB boards to achieve for saving resource and improving brightness. During the work time, the LED flashes lights. Because of its feature of continuing light after power properties, the human eyes can not perceive the LED's flashing, their understanding on the light emitting is continuous.

A distributing Fabry-Perot measurement system is introduced in this paper. The theory analysis indicates that if the lengths of the cascaded and paralleled Fabry-Perot sensors are properly selected, the crosstalk can be well restrained, and the experiment simulations agree to the theory analysis.