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Study Design: Case report. Objective: To describe a unique case of iliac pseudoaneurysm-complicated lumbar disc surgery performed 13 years ago. Summary Of Background Data: Major vascular injury is an unusual but life-threatening complication of lumbar disc surgery. If a major vascular injury is unnoticed, the late complications, pseudoaneurysm, may be diagnosed years after primary lumbar disc surgery. Pseudoaneurysm can lead to compression of adjacent neurovascular structures; however, erosion into the adjacent vertebras and presentation with symptoms of nerve root irritation are rare. Methods: The patient was a 54-year-old man who presented with pain and numbness in right hip and leg. Examination was normal. A plain radiograph showed destruction of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebras. Magnetic resonance image showed a retroperitoneal mass eroding into the adjacent vertebras. The mass was primarily misdiagnosed as a neoplasm and a percutaneous needle biopsy was recommended. Before puncture, the computed tomographic angiogram confirmed it to be a pseudoaneurysm of left common iliac artery. Then, implantation of a covered stent was undergone. Results: After implantation of a covered stent, the symptoms were relieved immediately. At the 12-month follow-up, the patient remained asymptomatic, and a computed tomographic angiogram revealed progressive shrinkage of the mass and significant healing of the eroded vertebras. Conclusion: As an unusual complication of lumbar disc surgery, iliac pseudoaneurysm can present with radiating pain even after 13 years and erode into the adjacent vertebras producing appearances mimicking a tumor. For mass located anterior to vertebras, the percutaneous biopsy must be cautiously performed, and a contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scan is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]