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Introduction/Objective The aim of this study was to determine clinical and radiographic periapical healing of teeth with apical periodontitis treated with different formulations of calcium hydroxide (CH) - paste (CH-paste) and gutta-percha points (CH-GP) - as well as those of chlorhexidine (CHX) - gel (CHXgel) and gutta-percha points (CHX-GP) -12 months after therapy. Methods Eighty patients with chronic apical periodontitis were randomly allocated to four treatment groups according to the intracanal medicament used: CH-paste, CH-GP, CHX-gel, and CHX-GP group. Seventy-eight patients were analyzed clinically and radiographically 12 months postoperatively. The periapical index (PAI) was used for the radiographic evaluation of treatment. Results Overall outcome was classified according to radiographic evaluation only, since clinical success was observed in all the patients. In all the groups, significant reduction in PAI scores was observed (p lt 0.001). The proportions of healed teeth (PAI ≤ 2) were 73.7%, 60%, 68.4%, and 65% in CH-paste, CH-GP, CHX-gel and CHX-GP group, respectively, with no significant differences between the groups. Conclusion The results suggest that there are no differences between investigated CH- and CHX-delivery systems regarding treatment outcome of teeth with apical periodontitis., Uvod/Cilj Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se ispita klinički i radiografski ishod lečenja zuba sa apeksnim periodontitisom 12 meseci posle završene terapije i primene različitih oblika kalcijum-hidroksida (KH): pasta (KH-pasta) i gutaperka poeni (KH-GP) i hlorheksidina (HH): gel (HH-gel) i gutaperka poeni (HH-GP). Metode Randomizovano je 80 ispitanika sa hroničnim periapeksnim lezijama u četiri grupe na osnovu vrste korišćenog interseansnog medikamenta: KH-pasta, KH-GP, HH-gel i HH-GP. Dvanaest meseci posle završenog lečenja pregledano je 78 ispitanika i urađeni su retroalveolarni snimci. Za procenu radiografskog uspeha lečenja korišćen je periapikalni indeks (PI). Rezultati Ishod lečenja je klasifikovan na osnovu radiološkog nalaza jer je kod svih ispitanika zabeležen klinički uspeh lečenja. U svim ispitivanim grupama je zabeleženo značajno smanjenje vrednosti PI (p lt 0,001). Izlečenje (PI ≤ 2) uočeno je kod 73,3% zuba u grupi KH-pasta, 60% u KH-GP grupi, 68,4% u grupi HH-gel i kod 65% zuba u grupi HH-GP, pri čemu razlike između grupa nisu bile statistički značajne. Zaključak Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju da ne postoji razlika u ishodu lečenja zuba sa apeksnim periodontitisom posle primene ispitivanih oblika KH i HH.

Introduction/Objective. This study was aimed at evaluating dentin permeability after irrigation with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and final rinse with chlorhexidine (CHX), ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) + CHX, and new combination products: QMiX or MTAD. Methods. Roots of 60 maxillary incisors were randomly divided into five groups (n = 12) before instrumentation and irrigation with NaOCl according to the final irrigation regimen: CHX (2% CHX), EDTA + CHX (17% EDTA + 2% CHX), QMiX, MTAD, and control group (distilled water). After final irrigation, ten roots of each group were horizontally sectioned and dye penetration was evaluated in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. Remaining samples were subjected to scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed with ANOVA/Tukey?s test. Results. Less dye penetration was found in CHX group compared with control as well as with QMiX and MTAD group in all thirds (p < 0.05). A significant difference between the control and EDTA + CHX, QMiX or MTAD group was observed only in the apical root third (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Dentin permeability was significantly reduced after final irrigation with CHX, but not after use of other final irrigation solutions, except in the apical third of the root canal.

Introduction Because apical periodontitis is recognizably an infectious disease, elimination or reduction of intracanal bacteria is of utmost importance for optimum treatment outcome. Objective The prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis in infected root canals was studied Also, the effect of endodontic therapy by using intracanal medicaments, calcium hydroxide paste (CH) or gutta-percha points containing calcium hydroxide (CH-GP) or chlorhexidine (CHX-GP) on these microorganisms was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Methods Fifty-one patients with chronic apical periodontitis were randomly allocated in one of the following groups according to the intracanal medicament used: CH, CH-GP and CHX-GP group. Bacterial samples were taken upon access (S1), after chemomechanical instrumentation (S2) and after 15-day medication (S3). PCR assay was used to detect the presence of selected bacteria. Results E. faecalis was detected in 49% (25/51) and P. gingivalis in 17.6% (9/51) of the samples. Samples which showed no bacterial presence at S1 were excluded from further analysis. Overall analysis of all 29 samples revealed significant differences between S1 and S2 (p lt 0.001), S2 and S3 (p lt 0.05), and S1 and S3 (p lt 0.001). When distinction was made between the intracanal medications, there was a significant difference in the number of PCR positive samples between S1 and S2, S1 and S3, but not between S2 and S3 samples. Conclusion E. faecalis is more prevalent than P. gingivalis in primary endodontic infection. Intracanal medication in conduction with instrumentation and irrigation efficiently eliminates E. faecalis and P. gingivalis from infected root canals., Uvod Budući da je apeksni parodontitis oboljenje koje nastaje usled postojanja infekcije, za postizanje optimalnog ishoda lečenja najznačajnije je uklanjanje bakterija iz kanala korena zuba ili barem smanjenje njihovog broja. Cilj rada Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispita prevalencija bakterija Enterococcus faecalis i Porphyromonas gingivalis u inficiranim kanalima korena zuba i ustanovi efekat endodontskog lečenja primenom intrakanalnih medikamenata - kalcijum-hidroksidne suspenzije (CH), gutaperka-poena na bazi kalcijum-hidroksida (CH-GP) ili gutaperka-poena na bazi hlorheksidina (CHX-GP) - na ove mikroorganizme metodom lančane reakcije polimerizacije (PCR). Metode rada Istraživanjem je obuhvaćena 51 osoba koja je imala zub s hroničnim apeksnim parodontitisom. Ispitanici su metodom slučajnog uzorka svrstani u tri grupe u zavisnosti od vrste primenjenog intrakanalnog medikamenta (CH, CH-GP i CHX-GP). Bakterijski uzorci iz kanala korena sakupljani su pri inicijalnom ulasku u kanal korena (S1), posle hemomehaničke obrade (S2) i posle petnaestodnevnog lečenja (S3). PCR analiza je korišćena za određivanje prisustva ispitivanih bakterija. Rezultati E. faecalis je izolovan iz 25 (49%) uzoraka, a P. gingivalis iz devet (17,6%). Uzorci u kojima nisu nađene bakterije u S1 fazi isključeni su iz dalje analize. Analiza svih 29 uzoraka je ukazala na statistički značajnu razliku između S1 i S2 uzoraka (p lt 0,001), S2 i S3 (p lt 0,05) i S1 i S3 (p lt 0,001). Kada se uzme u obzir vrsta intrakanalnog medikamenta, statistički značajna razlika u broju PCR-pozitivnih uzoraka zabeležena je između S1 i S2, S1 i S3, ali ne i između S2 i S3. Zaključak U primarnoj endodontskoj infekciji E. faecalis se češće javlja od P. gingivalis. Intrakanalna medikacija zajedno s instrumentacijom i irigacijom efikasno uklanja E. faecalis i P. gingivalis iz inficiranih kanala korena.

Introduction. As a systemic disease, diabetes mellitus may lead to several complications affecting both the quality and the length of life. While periodontal disease is one of the major oral health problems in patients with diabetes, reports of an increased risk of dental caries among diabetics are controversial. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate oral health status in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 in relation to metabolic control of the disease. Methods. The study included 47 randomly sampled diabetics patients, divided into two groups; those with poorly controlled diabetes (glycosylated haemoglobin - HbA1c ?9%) and those with better controlled diabetes (HbA1c