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With focus on the family, marriage, age-grade, chieftaincy, music and dance, this paper examines aspects of Bendi history and culture from pre-colonial times to the present, pin-pointing the impact of western influences on the people’s life ways. It is argued here that the Bendi need to revive aspects of their culture in order for them to regain their lost glory. This is imperative because sustainable development as a positive socio-economic change does not take place in a cultural vacuum. Deliberate effort must be taken to stem the tide of the uncritical, undiscriminating swallowing of the otherwise dispensable influences of western civilization and the culturally strangulating elements of Judaic-Christianity in the area. The situation in Bendi compels us to take Onwuka Njoku’s admonition seriously: “One menacing challenge which increases by the day and which younger historians have to confront is that raging monster called globalization. Globalisation is increasingly contracting the world into a village and customising and panel-beating everything on its way according to Western values and ways of life. No country can sensibly escape the contagion and the key question is how to remain truly African even amidst the ruffle and tumble of globalization.” Bendi needs a cultural renaissance that can refocus her vision of the future. If this is not done, the community will be a victim, rather than a beneficiary of globalization.

Rupetta (Sulway, 2013) is a post-modern reinterpretation of the Jewish Golem fable. The mechanical “woman” created in the story has been said to express sentience and immortality. For the most part, this is not directly the monster’s own ability but instead comes from the life force of the women who “wynd” her. The story has been called fantasy and science fiction, romance and Gothic horror (Hourigan, 2018). However, there is no science in fiction. Worse, there is nothing new.

The world has been witnessing a violent attack from an unexpected monster, called COVID-19. For almost two years, people all around the globe have one topic to discuss wherever they go. The main concern of countries was to prevent the virus from spreading, and while most of them failed to do so, the world fell into an economic collapse. Among all, the US economy fell hard, and the virus affected many sectors and resulted in huge losses, especially in the health sector. As the pandemic spread, the country imposed a total lockdown, making people scared to move out of their houses, even for crucial reasons. Patients with serious health issues stopped visiting hospitals because of their fear from the virus. While the government was relieved from the huge expenses from hospitals that had to be paid during this time, a shocking wave will hit them soon enough. Will the government be able to pay for the huge losses of hospitals? Will they be able to give patients their needed treatments when all this is over? Not to mention that the virus is still spreading, and no one can really determine its real impact on the long-term. How will it be handled? This paper analyzes the economic impact of COVID-19, not only on the country, but specifically on the health sector, and shows, in numbers, the huge loss of the GDP following this disastrous pandemic.

The interest of artists and art historians in hermaphrodites led to an aesthetic turn of sexual divergence during the Age of Enlightenment. Authors such as Winckelmann, Schiller or Lessing discovered the beauty of bodies which had been considered to be monsters in previous centuries. The numerous publications on the topic reflect not only the investigation of the corporal specifications of hermaphroditism but also the discovery of a phenomenon which was later on termed as 'psychical hermaphroditism'. The visual culture of the time supported this revelation with the popular portrayal of ephebic and feminized masculinity, mostly in neoclassical style.

In the beginning of 2020, the world faced a terrible disaster. The disaster is known as COVID-19 or Corona Virus Disease 19. The impact of this "little monster" is no joke. A number of governments in developed countries have even decided to close the city so that residents do not leave the house (lockdown). This case makes residents do anything in their own home. Start from study to work. In working at home, it means that coordination is needed through the internet network. All industrial sectors are forced to change their way of working to face this lockdown reality, especially in tech-company. In this essay, author will explain how to manage software development project using virtual teams in situations of war against COVID-19.

This research uses Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein as an anchor to look back and forth between the novel and the precursor texts and themes on which Shelley both draws and which she also transforms in light of the critical influences of her historical moment, straddling as it did a transition from the rationalism of the Enlightenment to the emotional, social and creative energies unleashed by Romanticism. This paper focuses on the themes of transgression, fear, isolation, damnation and redemption, and their importance in outlining the journeys of Victor Frankenstein and the monster he created, as well as other related works in history. The major comparisons in this research are that of Frankenstein with the archetypal figure of Prometheus, ‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner’, and Paradise Lost. The first was directly referenced by Mary Shelley in the allusions of Walton and Victor Frankenstein, and the latter is the epigraph of the book, which appears as one of the books that shaped the Monster’s education. Stemming from ‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner’, the Wandering Jew and the biblical Cain and Abel story are extended archetypes, further showing traits that could be found among the Mariner, Frankenstein, the Monster, and Satan, forming an interconnected web that weaves all these characters together. Frankenstein is also known as the ‘Modern Prometheus’: through her writing, Mary Shelley aimed to historicize and reconceptualize universalist assumptions about the nature and relevance of archetypes in literature. By historicizing the role of Prometheus and imbuing it in Victor Frankenstein, Shelley portrayed the figure of an ambitious scientist who assumed the role of God and disregarded the law of nature. She charaterized Victor such that his traits resemble those of Prometheus, yet far from reproducing an idealized archetype, Shelley brings a Greek myth down to earth, transforming it so that it can speak to the people of her time. This paper reads Frankenstein in relation to how its context transforms the universalist archetypes on which Shelley drew to give her characters and themes literary depth and texture. Shelley inflects Victor Frankenstein and his Monster with traits associated with the archetypal figures of Prometheus, Satan, and the Ancient Mariner, simultaneously relating the resulting hybrid characters to the pressing concerns of her particular historical moment and demonstrating that universal archetypes continue to be rich sources both for the creative process and for bringing perennial themes to life for successive generations of readers.

The great Epic of Ramayana has once again proved to have an ambitious space for numerous perspectives and understandings. Likewise this article relishes looking into the eyes of the chief of Malayaputra, Maharishi Vishwamitra, perhaps the mastermind behind the plot. His ideas on land, society, caste system, equality, and redemption agitate the characters and the readers. This article advances to critically understand Vishwamitra and his unorthodox schemes and importance in creating characters for his future prospectus. Although it is unclear on his obvious destination this article manages to discern Maharishi Vishwamitra’s purpose basing on “Sita: Warrior of Mithila” by Amish Tripathi.

On 9 October 2019 the OECD Secretariat published a discussion document on how countries could – or perhaps should – seek to apportion multinational business profits among market jurisdictions. This document was published ahead of a public consultation on the subject that will be held at the OECD conference centre in Paris on 21-22 November 2019. Interested parties have until 12 November 2019 to submit input. The discussion document brought to the author’s mind the story of Frankenstein’s monster in Mary Shelley’s 1818 novel. These thoughts of Frankenstein had to compete with that of a toddler stubbornly trying with all his might to push a square shape into a triangular hole in a dented shape sorter. Things didn’t work out well for Frankenstein and his monster in the novel. The author doesn’t imagine they will with the shape sorter either, and he explains why, as far as he’s concerned, that’s exactly what should happen to the OECD’s creation.

Security is perhaps the most important aspect of governance, it takes priority over all else. This is so much so as insecurity affects and has the ability to put on hold every other aspect of governance. The security of the governed ought therefore to be the paramount preoccupation of any government at every point in time. Kidnapping has become a hydra headed monster ravaging Nigeria as a whole, and Edo State in particular. Despite the various mechanisms put in place, it has continuously reared its ugly head against the efforts of successive governments. This paper threw some light on the persisting menace of kidnapping in Edo State, Nigeria vis-a-vis the definition of the offence of kidnapping, the typology of the crime of kidnapping, some reported kidnapping instances in the State; the stringency of the newly amended provisions of the Kidnapping Prohibition (Amendment) Law of Edo State in the light of the old ones. The paper also drew a logical conclusion and made valuable recommendations towards curbing the menace of kidnapping in the State.

Introduction: We will consider some similarities between the wonderland that Alice stumbled into and what her reactions might be if she wandered into the present Business-Landscape. Body: The story Alice in Wonderland has three main elements: The First is known as Anthropomorphism, all it means is that there are creatures and objects that can talk and have human emotions; secondly some things make sense; some don’t, which is known as literary non-sense. Lastly of course, there is everything else. Similarly, in today’s business world we have Uncertainty, which many people know more about than me; and there are Unintended Consequences, which very few of us know much about. So I will focus on the easiest part, which is also my strength and we will talk mostly about Everything Else today. A central aspect of our lives is uncertainty and our struggle to overcome it. We discuss the nature of uncertainty in society and in our daily lives. One way in which we presently attempt to understand the world around us is by categorizing our observations into various fields or disciplines. We provide an alternate view of the role of various disciplines and consider why categorizations, despite being helpful need to be supplemented with a broader perspective to truly comprehending the cosmos and finding better solutions both for business and for everything else. We discuss the one certainty despite all the uncertainty around us, which is the subjectivity in all decision making, which gives rise to unintended consequences. We consider a tale of two consequences: Unintended and Welcome; Unintended and Unwanted and how this is a recurring theme in all walks of life. We briefly venture into the world of economics and finance, and an unintended consequence of technology which is creating complexity and also leading to the use of lots of data to deal with problems. We see how something seemingly scary, (monsters like mathematics) can become an extremely helpful tool, when the right mind set is adopted. We consider some techniques that can be helpful to increase our intelligence; and if we make an assumption that Albert Einstein was smart, these techniques might show us how to become smarter than him. Conclusion: We conclude with a discussion of how we can overcome the uncertainty around us succinctly described as, “Fighting Uncertainty with Uncertainty”. The main topics we consider are: - The Nature of Uncertainty - Objectively Subjective - A Tale of Two Consequences - The Miracle of Mathematics - Becoming Smarter than Albert Einstein - Fighting Uncertainty with Uncertainty

The moral philosopher and political economist Adam Smith (1723-1790) and the author Mary Shelley (1798-1851) are studied in different spheres of the academy, for rather different purposes, with no supposed reason for dialogue. We claim in a close concurrent reading, however, that Smith and Shelley share a common project to connect humanity with mutuality, morality with sociality. Our narrative entwines Smith’s Theory of Moral Sentiments with Shelley’s Frankenstein to reveal the critical nature of human sociality for our morality.

This paper analyzes Frankenstein in Baghdad, the winner of the 2014 International Arabic Fiction Prize by Iraqi novelist Ahmed Saadawi. I argue that by borrowing the story of Mary Shelley’s monster in Frankenstein, Saadawi manages to pinpoint the roots of the terrorism that has plagued Iraq since the American occupation. Terrorism emanates from fear. Fear is the monster that has been unleashed by the collapse of central authority which resulted in what Judith Butler has called ‘a precarious life’ in which sudden and violent death is always looming. In addition, the struggle for power among the new players in the Iraqi scene leads to selfishness, demagogy, and exploitation. The novel stresses the need to acknowledge that no one is free of blame. By acknowledging that that nobody is purely a victim or a victimizer, and by taking responsibility for one’s deed, there might be hope for a way out of the horrors of the civil strife and carnage.

Internet folklore is created collaboratively within Internet communities—through memes, blogs, video games, fake news, found footage, creepypastas, art, podcasts, and other digital mediums. The Slender Man mythos is one of the most striking examples of Internet folklore. Slender Man, the tall and faceless monster who preys on children and teenagers, originated on an Internet forum in mid-2009 and quickly went viral, spreading to other forums and platforms online. His creation and development resulted from the collaborative efforts and cultural open-sourcing of many users and online communities; users reused, modified, and shared each other’s Slender Man creations, contributing to his development as a crowdsourced monster. This Article uses Slender Man as a case study to examine the online creation and production of Internet folklore and cultural products and to explore how intellectual property law treats these types of collective creations. Specifically, it traces Slender Man’s creation, development, and propertization to explore collaborative creation and ownership rights in Internet folklore. Collaborative creation of cultural products is a familiar story. But who owns those works? What happens when those works are propertized? This Article analyzes claims to own Slender Man’s character under copyright law and Slender Man’s name and image under trademark law, and ultimately argues that even though parties claim to own Slender Man, Slender Man’s character, name, and image are in the commons, free for anyone to use in her own expressive works. Claims to own cultural products under intellectual property law, and the subsequent assertions of those claims, cause uncertainty and chill creativity, which ultimately harms the public by depriving it of more creative works.

In this article we engage with the writings of feminist scholars Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar, whose landmark work, The Madwoman in the Attic, critiques the image of the female madwoman or monster. We use Gilbert and Gubar’s thesis of the female monster as the primary analytical framework for excavating three variants of female madness as depicted in three films: madness as neurosis using Laws of Attraction; monstrosity as ambition using Michael Clayton; and madness/monstrosity as failed motherhood using I Am Sam. Our goals for this article are to explore the ways in which popular films featuring female lawyers channel the “madwoman/monster” metaphor; trace those characters in terms of neuroses, ambition, and motherhood; and argue for the possibility of reconfiguring the notion of “madwoman” as a valid and meaningful mode of female subjectivity that expands the field of possibilities for women lawyers.

In this Essay, I argue that the Supreme Court’s decision in Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc., threatens the free-exercise rights of employees whose religious convictions differ from those of their employers.

This paper is a collective effort on the part of the authors to remember Kiss, one of the greatest shock-rock bands of the mid- to late-1970s. Although the band in no way invented shock-rock, arguably Kiss was the first major act to present rock music as Entertainment Product firstly and music only secondarily. The monster figure historically has symbolized in popular culture the ferocious drive of capital to reproduce itself and to master everything in its path. Perhaps Gene Simmons’ blood-spitting Demon persona is the perfect symbol for the transition to a higher stage of capitalism within the popular music industry. The authors also discuss the original, democratic concept of the Fab Four - Gene, Paul, Ace, and Peter - as well as Gene Simmons’ and Paul Stanley’s subsequent American Dream ideology.

The social media phenomenon has provided tremendous opportunities for self-promotion. From global pop star, Psy, reaching over 1.2 billion YouTube viewers (as of this writing) with his smash hit, “Gangnam Style” to recent college graduates “getting themselves out there” in the job market via Linkedin and Monster, the opportunities for greater self-actualization for the upwardly-mobile appear endless. Professional boxers have been savvy to ride the social media gravy train through a number of outlets. This study will focus on professional boxers’ use of one of these outlets, Twitter, as a determinant of their guaranteed purse for fights taking place over the period 2011-2013. As only the third study to utilize a multivariate regression in modeling the determinants of real-world purse data for professional boxers (Balbien, J., Noll, R. & Quirk, J., 1981; Chaplin, 2012a), this study contributes to an underdeveloped segment (that of the economics of professional boxing) of the ever-expanding sports economics field and analyzes the link between social media popularity and sport-specific pay in a way heretofore unexplored.

Arguing that the “Liminal Space” and the figure of the monster share more similarities than might be glimpsed at first sight, we first mobilize some of Levinas’ and Blanchot’s concepts to define a Non-Space of the “Absolute Other” at the threshold of which monsters are created as interfaces or “Translating-Machines.” We create this model for the projection/production of monstrous composite entities based on Kafka’s short text, “Before the Law” and the hierarchy of thresholds and interfaces that it deploys into/as “The Beyond.”

On 1 February 2012, member states of the European Union minus the United Kingdom and the Czech Republic agreed on the text of the Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union (the Fiscal Compact Treaty or FCT), subsequently signed on 2 March 2012. The new international treaty poses a number of questions on compatibility with EU law, implications for the Union legal system, institutional balance, national sovereignty and democratic accountability. The EUI debate on the FCT addressed some of these issues.

This essay tells the story of Shields Green and John Copeland, two black men who joined John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry. Along with Brown and several others, Green and Copeland were taken prisoner in the aftermath of the failed insurrection, and they were brought to trial in nearby Charlestown on charges of murder and treason. Unlike Brown, who was treated respectfully by his captors, Green and Copeland were handled roughly. Copeland in particular was subjected to a harsh interrogation that was criticized even by pro-slavery Democrats in the North. The black prisoners did, however, have the benefit of a remarkable attorney – George Sennott of Boston. Unlike virtually all of the other lawyers at the Harper’s Ferry trials, Sennott boldly condemned slavery and announced that he was honored to defend the black insurrectionists. Sennott also employed a creative legal strategy in which he raised the Dred Scott decision as a defense to the treason charge. If black men could not be citizens, he argued, they likewise could not be guilty of treason. The tactic was only partially successful. Green and Copeland were acquitted of treason but convicted nonetheless of murder. Even after pronouncing the death penalty, the Virginia authorities continued their racist treatment of the prisoners. Green and Copeland were executed separately from their white comrades – segregation on the gallows – and their corpses were turned over to medical students for dissection, despite the frantic efforts of Copeland’s family to retrieve his body for decent burial. Throughout his ordeal, and right up until the time he faced the noose, John Copeland held to his ideals. On the morning of his execution he wrote a moving letter to his parents in which he expressed devotion to the “holy cause” for which he would die, while condemning “the demands of the cruel and unjust monster Slavery.”

Author(s): Guzman, Andrew T. | Abstract: In the classic novel, Frankenstein, Doctor Frankenstein creates a living creature in the hope of cheating death. The monster, as the creature is called, horrifies Doctor Frankenstein, turns against him, and kills several people, causing the doctor to regret his decision to make the monster in the first place. When states establish an international organization (IO), they create an institution with a life of its own on the international stage. Though states can, collectively, control the IO, without unanimity among them the organization can often act on its own. The danger for a state, then, is that its creation, like Frankenstein’s, will become a monster and act contrary to its interests. In contrast to Frankenstein, however, states are conscious of this risk and are able to guard against it. This Article explains that much of the existing landscape of international organizations has been formed by the state response to this “Frankenstein problem.” The effort by states to avoid creating a monster explains, among other things, why there are so many IOs, why they vary so widely in scope, and the manner in which they are permitted (and not permitted) to affect international law and international relations. The Article also identifies the four types of activities that IOs are allowed to undertake and explains how states choose which activities to place within which organizations. More generally, the Article offers a better understand of why and how IOs are designed and their place within the international legal order.

Research Issue: This paper proposes a general theory of corporate governance and identifies four conditions predicted to affect the performance of, and relationship between, boards and top managers.Research Insights: A theory of corporate governance based on:• formulating an irreducible purpose for the board;• identifying four antecedent meta or primary functions of the board;• creating a taxonomy of corporate governance tasks classified according to each function; and• determining the unique roles and types of behaviour for the board and top managers according to each function.Theoretical and Academic Implications: The theory provides a framework to identify previously unrecognised relationships and conditions affecting the broader team responsible for performing the functions and tasks of directorship.Practitioner & Policy Implications: The theory may be instructive in developing a comprehensive “standard” to inform the development of:• alternative best practice recommendations;• minimum educational requirements for directors and top managers; and• more effective diagnostic models and instruments.

In Aristophanes' plays a special space seems to be reserved for Herakles. By playing with the varied literary reception of this figure, the poet transforms it into a complex symbol of his own poetic discourse pertaining to the contemporary comic theater. Herakles comes to play a twofold role: a serious one – that as a body double of the poet who resembles the hero while claiming the merits of his own comedy, as the one able to proclaim what is just for the polis and to assume the risks of truth-telling (Ve. 1029-1044; Pax 751-760: Mastromarco 1989, 1993; Lind 1990; Milanezi 1997; Brockman 2003); and a comic one – when he is used in caricatural transformation as a boisterous glutton, in Aristophanes' critical remarks on his rivals' comedies (e.g., Ve. 56-60; Pax 741). In the first case, Herakles becomes an emblem of the ideal comedy, the one which attacks the most formidable monsters (Ve. 1030; Pax 752) with a courage worthy of Herakles, (Ve. 1021, 1036; Pax 759), fighting for the people's good, to free and purify the state of all its evils (Ve. 1043). The state's evils, in line with the mythic metaphor, are personified by the monsters that Herakles defeated (Ve. 1031-5, Pax 752-7), whose basic traits come to portray a hybrid figure with which the poet identifies the real, dangerous monster that pollutes the state, Cleon. In the second case, Herakles becomes emblem of bad comedy, the sort that aims only at making people laugh (Nu. 539) and at offering a temporary release from everyday anxieties and pressures (e.g., Murray 1987; Heath 1990). This is the comedy that confines itself to offering up jests stolen from Megara, such as Herakles always chewing and ever hungry (Pax 741, cp. Ve. 60). A seemingly fixed correspondence seems to be established: serious alexikakos and katarthes Herakles with monstrous Cleon, ridiculous opsophagos Herakles with rival comic playwrights. This paper will discuss the possibility of identifying some fluidity in the above-mentioned correspondences. There are passages where the ridiculous opsophagos Herakles, and what it represents, does not appear as a vehicle of Aristophanes' criticism against rival comic playwrights. It indeed appears to mirror traits and actions that are typical of Cleon and of a more general figure of the demagogue. Ra. 549-78 (Lauriola 2004) and Av. 1565-693 display an encounter respectively between a voracious, thief Herakles and Cleon, patron of low, despicable persons, and a hungry Herakles and a disguised figure of a demagogue (Peiseteros), who uses food as impudent flattery to gain the approval of others for his own cause, which resembles a tactic typical of Cleon and the demagogues. Herakles thus seems to work as a serious-comic counterpart of Cleon, as being an emblem not only of good comedy, courageously fighting the polluting leaders, but also – in his ridiculous transformation - of the negative traits of the leaders themselves and of their manipulative tactics. Bibliography Brockman 2003: C. Brockmann, Aristophanes und die Freiheit der Komoedie. Untersuchungen zu den fruhen Stuechen unter besonderer Beruecksichtingung der Acharner, Munchen-Leipzig 2003. Heath 1990: M. Heath, Aristophanes and his rivals, Greece and Rome XXXVII (1990) 143-158. Lind 1990: H. Lind, Der Gerber Kleon in den Ritterndes Aristophanes. Studien zur Demagogenkomoedie, Frankfurt – New York – Paris 1990. Lauriola 2004: R. Lauriola, Aristofane, Eracle e Cleone, EIKASMOS. Quaderni Bolognesi di Filologia Classica VX (2004), 85-99. Mastromarco 1989: G. Mastromarco, L’eroe ed il mostro, Rivista Italiana di Filologia Classica CXVII (1989), 410-423. Mastromarco 1993: G. Mastromarco, Il commediografo e il demagogo, in A. H. Sommerstein, S. Halliwell, J. Henderson, B. Zimmermann (eds.) Tragedy, Comedy and the Polis, Papers from the Greek Drama Conference, Nottingham 18-20 July 1990, Bari 993, 341-357. Milanezi 1997: S. Milanezi, Essere poeta comico ad Atene: un lavoro per Eracle, in M. Guglielmo, G. F. Gianotti (eds.), Filosofia, Storia, Immaginario mitologico, Alessandria 1997, 123-132. Murray 1987: R. J. Murray, Aristophanic Protest, Hermes CXV (1987), 146-154.

Trade is a reciprocal relation, and must always be balanced. This paper shows that the traditional partial model of international trade is a monster model, combining the demand and the supply of two different markets into one graph. Such theory thus misleads some people to use trade deficit to accuse each other or to start trade wars. Any effort to reduce the so-called trade deficit must be in vain, for the latter does not exist. More than that, it must also hurt the host country.

Politics has become the shortest means of getting rich and becoming famous in Nigeria. This is against the backdrop of what is tenable elsewhere. Official corruption and bare faced graft has interpenetrated the ranks of mortality and political ideologies of absurd levels. The contention of this paper is that official corruption has made electioneering campaigns and election a ‘do or die affair.' This posturing is capable of of suffocating the nascent democracy that has been acquired after tortuous and deadly struggle. The only hope is that politics and political position should be made less attractive by devising global means of combating corruption, the hydra-headed monster that has gradually destroyed the sanctity of democracy. Unless this is done as quickly as possible the future of democracy in this country is bleak. There is also need to change the present corruption ideologies through proper political education and socialization.

The name of the Sphinx, the Greek female monster who had fun killing passers-by who could not answer her riddle, has long been an etymological conundrum. On the basis of literary, linguistic, and anthropological evidence from, above all, Greece and India, this paper comes to a novel understanding of the Sphinx' origin, concluding that her oldest moniker, (S)F∞k-, is related to a newly uncovered Greek noun f€ki° 'buttocks' and to a Sanskrit word for the same body part, sphij-, a hitherto misunderstood form of which appears, in turn, in a riddle in the oldest Indic text, the Rigveda. This derivation situates the Greek creature squarely in the cross-culturally typically aggressive and sexually charged genre of riddling.

This book-length paper is a Brown University dissertation in American literature and literary theory. A theoretical analysis of the concept of authorial intention in narrative fiction, and of its structural and communicational implications, is followed by an in-depth examination of Stephen Crane's novella 'The Monster' (1898) as a case study in both structural analysis and critical controversy. The critical responses to this work are examined with regard to their ideological and aesthetic assumptions, thus showing the relevance of the model proposed and providing a detailed analysis of the way in which the meaning and structure of a text are interactionally constructed.