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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change (IPCC) reports and other literature draw focus to disproportionate impacts of natural hazards on women and girls; as well as on the roles they play on climate change mitigation, adaptation, natural resource management, environmental conservation and degradation. The connections between climate change and gender are rarely measured and hence, fewer related policies are in place. This paper showcases three separate data collation and analysis exercises, that generated evidence on the gender and climate change nexus utilizing big data: i) geospatial data integrated with Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data that provide evidence on the connections between climate change and gender outcomes; ii) search and social media data that show violence-related searches increasing at times of hazards; and iii) web document text data that find little mention of gender in climate speeches. Beyond shedding light on the clear connections between gender and climate change issues, it also highlights the important role that non-traditional sources can play in filling these data gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes how Big Data, such as geospatial and Earth Observation data, combined with advanced technologies, open opportunities for new ways of producing environment statistics. As an example of the use of Big Data, the article broadly presents SDG indicator 6.6.1 "Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time", from the development of the methodology to the creation of datasets and their use by policy makers. The article also discusses the challenges of using geospatial and Earth Observation data both on a global scale and on a specific example of SDG indicator 6.6.1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]