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The petrochemical features of granites of the Vodorazdelny pluton (Subpolar Urals, Lyapin Anticlinorium) indicate that these suprasubduction rocks are similar to I-granites. The ratios of key elements (Rb, Ba, Th, Sr, Y, and Nb) suggest that mafic rocks of a melting slab and fluid related to their dehydration could have been involved in the generation of granites. The U–Pb age of the main population of igneous zircons of 593 ± 4 Ma corresponds to the Vendian (Ediacaran) and coincides with the age of granites of the nearby Vangyr pluton (598 ± 5 Ma), as well as the age of cores of zircons from granites of the Kozhim pluton in the north. The εHf(t) values (from –2 to 0) of igneous zircons with the age corresponding to the age of granites of the Vodorazdelny pluton indicate a heterogeneous melt source. The petrogeochemical and isotopic-geochronological parameters of granites (as well as zircons) are inconsistent with the attribution of the Vodorazdelny pluton (and analogous Vangyr and Kozhim plutons) to the Cambrian Salner–Mankhambo complex and indicate the recognition of a possible Vendian (?) complex with the age of ~598 Ma during the geological survey. The presence of Middle Riphean–Vendian–Cambrian stages of granite formation in the Lyapin Anticlinorium and related metamorphism and a complex composition of ancient metamorphic sequences in the basement of this structure are responsible for the varying isotopic parameters characterizing the heterogeneous melt source, on one hand, and a convergent series of geochemical features, on the other hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]