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The management of civil infrastructures in the aftermath of a seismic event is a concern for decision makers, which have to choose quickly among alternative actions with limited knowledge on the actual structural conditions. The availability of real time Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) data on the asset might be particularly useful. However, SHM data are not collected for free, and the cost of the SHM system should be compared with its associated benefit. A powerful tool to estimate such benefit is the Value of Information (VoI) from Bayesian decision theory. This paper provides a methodology to compute the VoI of SHM for seismic emergency management of roadway bridges. This methodology can be used by decision makers before the installation of a seismic SHM system to quantify the cost benefit of doing so and thus optimize the allocation of economic resources. Results show that the VoI is high when the expected costs of the decision alternatives (such as 'keep the bridge open' or 'close the bridge') evaluated without the SHM information are comparable. In this condition, which is highly dependent on the seismic hazard and on emergency management costs at stake, the SHM information provides the maximum support to decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]