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Despite substantial literature on the dyeing of textiles, there is a lack of research about colouring Japanese mending papers (tissue papers) used for paper conservation purposes. This study investigates the fungal bioreceptivity of Japanese tissue papers after they have been treated with various dyes and pigments. A variety of toning materials including plant dyes, watercolours, acrylic paints, inks, pastels, gouaches, and colour pencils are commonly used by conservators for paper toning purposes. In this study, two Japanese tissue papers (Yukyu-shiandSekishu Mare) were treated with selected plant dyes, watercolours, and acrylic paints and then inoculated with fungal species. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to quantify the DNA fromAspergillus nigerandPenicillium rubrumas a proxy for fungal species abundance before and after inoculation and artificial moist heat ageing. qPCR primers which were universal for fungi amplified DNA from papers inoculated withA. nigerandP. rubrumand these species were found to grow less on treatedSekishu MareandYukyu-shipapers compared with untreated papers.Sekishu Marepapers treated with artists' acrylic paints were found to be more resistant to fungal growth than similarly treatedYukyu-shipapers. This study suggests that for the best long-term preservation outcomes for paper materials in archives, libraries, galleries, and museums, acrylic paints generally perform better in conservation terms than most plant dyes and watercolours, although most colourants displayed some bioinhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A systematic experimental study applying nanosecond laser pulses with 532 nm radiation to a specially selected set of historical paper samples exhibiting a broad range of composition and origin was undertaken to develop a quantitative irradiation dose model. This allows the optimisation of laser pulse number and fluence in order to maximise cleaning efficiency while excluding substrate modifications such as yellowing or destruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upon aging, paper documents and books become progressively damaged. Paper deacidification is a fundamental conservation intervention. In this study, we report on the use of nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) associated with hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) to inhibit acidification, photo-induced degradation, and biodeterioration of paper. With the aid of ultrasound, Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution can be obtained through homogeneous precipitation in water. Furthermore, to demonstrate the efficacy of the nanocomposite and the performance of treated and untreated paper, photo- and thermal-induced degradation is discussed. The results show that using the controlled double-jet precipitation (CDJP) it is possible to synthesize Mg(OH)2 particles with a narrow size distribution (18-87 nm). The nanocomposite of Mg(OH)2-TiO2-HEC increases the durability of paper by imparting fungal growth resistance (D= 34.6 mm), moderate alkalinity (pH = 8.4), mechanical reinforcement (from 817-896 N/m), and UV protection. Additionally, there is a slight color difference (ΔE* = 0.8) between the treated and untreated paper. Both photodegradation and thermal degradation indicate that the paper treated with this nanocomposite (Mg(OH)2-TiO-HEC) has increased stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the artificial aging of paper used in the conservation of historic paper documents, focusing on the durability such treated paper. Topics include a discussion of the pigments used, such as gamboge, ochre, and carbon black ink, and plant dyes used such as valonia, tea, sophora flower bud and Cape jasmine; the practice of thermal aging and ultraviolet light ageing; the suitability of various types of commercially available paint in China for restoration work; and assessments of the tensile, fold, and tear strength of xuan paper treated with such methods.