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The literature on Entrepreneurial University has emphasised the importance of encouraging and supporting the entrepreneurial intent of students, both PhDs and undergraduates. However, more research is needed about how PhD students can be supported in their entrepreneurial and technology transfer initiatives. This study seeks to contribute to this field by investigating how the entrepreneurial intent and entrepreneurial education of PhDs can impact their creation of new ventures and their involvement in technology transfer activities. With this objective, we use a unique dataset of 396 PhD students enrolled in Italian universities. The results show that higher levels of entrepreneurial intention of PhDs lead to a higher number of new ventures and higher involvement in TT activities. Furthermore, our findings also show that entrepreneurship education encourages PhDs to create new ventures only through increased entrepreneurial intention. Finally, education on technology transfer directly pushes them to be more involved in commercialisation activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the importance of the socialization environment – nest – for the career destinations of early career researchers. In a sample of research groups in the fields of science and engineering at universities in Germany, we identify research orientation, output, funding as well as openness to industry and commercialization as relevant components. Nests that attract more public funding and are led by professors with high research performance are more likely to produce researchers who take jobs in public research, while links to industry predict jobs in the private sector. In a more nuanced analysis that differentiates between types of industry employment, we find that larger firms also recruit from groups with higher scientific performance, while small and medium-sized firms recruit from nests with a higher patent productivity. A focus on experimental development instead is associated with academic start-ups, and an applied focus with employment in consulting. Recommendations for research training are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]