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Duodenal covered self-expandable metal stent (cSEMS) can be used in malignant or benign gastroduodenal obstruction. The need for biliary stenting in patients with no concomitant biliary stricture, before duodenal cSEMS placement, remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether cSEMS placement is responsible for biliary obstruction. This is a single-center, retrospective, case-controlled study, including 106 patients with symptomatic gastric outlet obstruction or duodenal fistula who received a covered nitinol duodenal stent by using through-the-scope/over-the-wire placement procedure. The main outcome measurement was the occurrence comparison of jaundice and bilirubin level, between patients with previous or concomitant biliary stenting (cSEMS + BS group), and patients with no biliary stent (cSEMS group) during an observational period of 90 days. Hundred and six patients underwent cSEMS placement between June 2005 and March 2014: 53 in the cSEMS group (58 % male, mean age 66.4 ± 13.3 years) and 53 in cSEMS + BS group (60 % male, mean age 70.4 ± 11.6 years). The obstruction was due to cancer in 45 % in cSEMS group and 87 % in cSEMS + BS group. No case of jaundice was reported in the cSEMS group or in the cSEMS + BS group. In cSEMS group, the mean bilirubin level (μmol/L ± SD) was 8.0 ± 4 at baseline and 8.5 ± 4.6 at day 10, while in the cSEMS + BS group it was 91.4 ± 108 at baseline and 35.3 ± 39 at day 10 (p< 0.01). Patients from the two groups were matched on age, gender and bilirubin level at baseline. Evolution of bilirubinemia was +0.98 ± 2.76 µmol/L in experimental group and +0.39 ± 522 µmol/L in the control group (p= 0.34). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in term of technical success, clinical effectiveness, migration and other complications. Previous biliary stenting is not required before endoscopic covered duodenal stent placement in patients with no associated biliary obstruction. Prospective studies are needed.