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Background: To retrospectively investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of early esophageal squamous cell neoplasm (ESCN) treated with endoscopic resection (ER), especially, to compare the prognosis in patients with sm2 cancer and non-sm2 cancer.Methods: From 2007 to 2013, 368 patients were included in our analysis.Results: The patients were 252 (68.5 %) men and 116 (31.5 %) women with a median age of 61 (range 16-84 years) years. Hyperplasia, mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia, m1, m2, m3, sm1, and sm2 were diagnosed in 47 (12.8 %), 27 (7.3 %), 34 (9.2 %), 61 (16.6 %), 54 (14.7 %), 38 (10.3 %), 63 (17.1 %), 12 (3.3 %), and 32 (8.7 %) cases. The mean (range) follow-up time was 29 (0-84) months. The cumulative overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year metachronous esophageal lesion rates were 4.1, 12.9, and 32.6 %. The incidence of lymph node or distant metastasis was 1.54 % in m3, 6.25 % in sm2, and 0 in other subgroups. The overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 99.5, 97.3, and 87.5 %. There was significant difference between sm2 and non-sm2 patients in metastatic rate (P = 0.021); however, no difference existed between m3 patients and sm2 patients (P = 0.252). The difference of metachronous esophageal lesion (P = 0.401) and survival (P = 0.634) between sm2 and non-sm2 patients was not obvious.Conclusions: Our study showed that ER was an effective and relatively safe treatment for superficial ESCN. ER is still appropriate in select sm2 patients. To monitor the second primary cancer in sm2 is necessary during the follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]