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The Czech Republic lies on the historically fast changing western margin of the Common Rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus) distribution range. Population numbers of the Common Rosefinch in northwestern and central Europe have been declining in the last two decades and the occupied areas have been contracting. In 2022, census of the species took place in 11 regions of its predominant occurrence in the Czech Republic. Based on the census data and systematically collected data reported by local ornithologists, we estimated the Common Rosefinch abundance at 300-550 pairs for the period 2020-2022. It shows a decline of 60-85% compared to the population size in the 1990s. There are certain regional differences, though. The species has already disappeared from many localities in the foothills of east-Bohemian mountains, while in the Ostrava region its population appears to be stable during the recent few years. The decline in the Czech Republic is probably related to the same pattern observed in the neighbouring countries. The most likely reasons for the observed trend are climate change, deteriorating conditions at migration routes and wintering sites, or the natural population dynamics of the core population in eastern Europe and Asia. The decrease of suitable habitats probably accelerates the decline in the foothills of Czech borderland mountains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]