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Despite the existence of a secure and reliable immunization, measles, also known as rubeola, continues to be a leading cause of fatalities globally, especially in underdeveloped nations. For investigation and observation of the dynamical transmission of the disease with the influence of vaccination, we proposed a novel fractional order measles model with a constant proportional (CP) Caputo operator. We analysed the proposed model's positivity, boundedness, well-posedness, and biological viability. Reproductive and strength numbers were also verified to examine how the illness dynamically behaves in society. For local and global stability analysis, we introduced the Lyapunov function with first and second derivatives. In order to evaluate the fractional integral operator, we used different techniques to invert the PC and CPC operators. We also used our suggested model's fractional differential equations to derive the eigenfunctions of the CPC operator. There is a detailed discussion of additional analysis on the CPC and Hilfer generalised proportional operators. Employing the Laplace with the Adomian decomposition technique, we simulated a system of fractional differential equations numerically. Finally, numerical results and simulations were derived with the proposed measles model. The intricate and vital study of systems with symmetry is one of the many applications of contemporary fractional mathematical control. A strong tool that makes it possible to create numerical answers to a given fractional differential equation methodically is symmetry analysis. It is discovered that the proposed fractional order model provides a more realistic way of understanding the dynamics of a measles epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The class of symmetric function interacts extensively with other types of functions. One of these is the class of positivity of functions, which is closely related to the theory of symmetry. Here, we propose a positive analysis technique to analyse a class of Liouville–Caputo difference equations of fractional-order with extremal conditions. Our monotonicity results use difference conditions Δ a LC μ f (a + J 0 + 1 − μ) ≥ (1 − μ) f (a + J 0) and Δ a LC μ f (a + J 0 + 1 − μ) ≤ (1 − μ) f (a + J 0) to derive the corresponding relative minimum and maximum, respectively. We find alternative conditions corresponding to the main conditions in the main monotonicity results, which are simpler and stronger than the existing ones. Two numerical examples are solved by achieving the main conditions to verify the obtained monotonicity results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout this article, generalizations of some Grónwall–Bellman integral inequalities for two real-valued unknown functions in n independent variables are introduced. We are looking at some novel explicit bounds of a particular class of Young and Pachpatte integral inequalities. The results in this paper can be utilized as a useful way to investigate the uniqueness, boundedness, continuousness, dependence and stability of nonlinear hyperbolic partial integro-differential equations. To highlight our research advantages, several implementations of these findings will be presented. Young's method, which depends on a Riemann method, will follow to prove the key results. Symmetry plays an essential role in determining the correct methods for solving dynamic inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove some new dynamic inequalities of the Gronwall–Bellman–Pachpatte type on time scales. Our results can be used in analyses as useful tools for some types of partial dynamic equations on time scales and in their applications in environmental phenomena and physical and engineering sciences that are described by partial differential equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We established several novel inequalities of Gronwall–Pachpatte type on time scales. Our results can be used as handy tools to study the qualitative and quantitative properties of the solutions of the initial boundary value problem for a partial delay dynamic equation. The Leibniz integral rule on time scales has been used in the technique of our proof. Symmetry plays an essential role in determining the correct methods to solve dynamic inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, with the help of Leibniz integral rule on time scales, we prove some new dynamic inequalities of Gronwall–Bellman–Pachpatte-type on time scales. These inequalities can be used as handy tools to study the qualitative and quantitative properties of solutions of the initial boundary value problem for partial delay dynamic equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, using a (γ ,a)-nabla conformable integral on time scales, we study several novel Hilbert-type dynamic inequalities via nabla time scales calculus. Our results generalize various inequalities on time scales, unifying and extending several discrete inequalities and their corresponding continuous analogues. We say that symmetry plays an essential role in determining the correct methods with which to solve dynamic inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discrete fractional operators of Riemann–Liouville and Liouville–Caputo are omnipresent due to the singularity of the kernels. Therefore, convexity analysis of discrete fractional differences of these types plays a vital role in maintaining the safe operation of kernels and symmetry of discrete delta and nabla distribution. In their discrete version, the generalized or modified forms of various operators of fractional calculus are becoming increasingly important from the viewpoints of both pure and applied mathematical sciences. In this paper, we present the discrete version of the recently modified fractional calculus operator with the Mittag-Leffler-type kernel. Here, in this article, the expressions of both the discrete nabla derivative and its counterpart nabla integral are obtained. Some applications and illustrative examples are given to support the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, by using some algebraic inequalities, nabla Hölder inequalities, and nabla Jensen's inequalities on timescales, we proved some new nabla Hilbert-type dynamic inequalities on timescales. These inequalities extend some known dynamic inequalities on timescales and unify some continuous inequalities and their corresponding discrete analogues. Symmetry plays an essential role in determining the correct methods to solve dynamic inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent decades have witnessed the emergence of interesting models of fractional partial differential equations. In the current work, a class of parabolic equations with regularized Hyper-Bessel derivative and the exponential source is investigated. More specifically, we examine the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions in Hilbert scale-spaces which are constructed by a uniformly elliptic symmetry operator on a smooth bounded domain. Our main argument is based on the Banach principle argument. In order to achieve the necessary and sufficient requirements of this argument, we have smoothly combined the application of the Fourier series supportively represented by Mittag-Leffler functions, with Hilbert spaces and Sobolev embeddings. Because of the presence of the fractional operator, we face many challenges in handling proper integrals which appear in the representation of mild solutions. Besides, the source term of an exponential type also causes trouble for us when deriving the desired results. Therefore, powerful embeddings are used to limit the growth of nonlinearity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this important work, we discuss some novel Hilbert-type dynamic inequalities on time scales. The inequalities investigated here generalize several known dynamic inequalities on time scales and unify and extend some continuous inequalities and their corresponding discrete analogues. Our results will be proved by using some algebraic inequalities, Hölder inequality, and Jensen's inequality on time scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, we discuss a class of bi-univalent analytic functions by applying a principle of differential subordinations and convolutions. We also formulate a class of bi-univalent functions influenced by a definition of a fractional q-derivative operator in an open symmetric unit disc. Further, we provide an estimate for the function coefficients | a 2 | and | a 3 | of the new classes. Over and above, we study an interesting Fekete–Szego inequality for each function in the newly defined classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation focuses on two novel Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equations with time-dependent variable coefficients that describe the nonlinear wave propagation of small-amplitude surface waves in narrow channels or large straits with slowly varying width and depth and non-vanishing vorticity. These two variable coefficients, Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (VCKP) equations in (2+1)-dimensions, are the main extensions of the KP equation. Applying the Lie symmetry technique, we carry out infinitesimal generators, potential vector fields, and various similarity reductions of the considered VCKP equations. These VCKP equations are converted into nonlinear ODEs via two similarity reductions. The closed-form analytic solutions are achieved, including in the shape of distinct complex wave structures of solitons, dark and bright soliton shapes, double W-shaped soliton shapes, multi-peakon shapes, curved-shaped multi-wave solitons, and novel solitary wave solitons. All the obtained solutions are verified and validated by using back substitution to the original equation through Wolfram Mathematica. We analyze the dynamical behaviors of these obtained solutions with some three-dimensional graphics via numerical simulation. The obtained variable coefficient solutions are more relevant and useful for understanding the dynamical structures of nonlinear KP equations and shallow water wave models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]