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This research aims to analyze fraud in depth based on Article 1328 of the Civil Code in agreements that may result in breach of contract, as well as to examine the legal implications of commercial contracts containing elements of fraud based on Article 1328 of the Civil Code, where fraud can be annulled or declared void ab initio. The method used in this research is normative research on legal principles contained in Article 1328 of the Civil Code. The data used in this research are secondary data. The secondary data used in this research consist of primary legal materials that are authoritative, meaning they have authority, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The research results show that fraud based on Article 1328 of the Civil Code in agreements does not result in breach of contract. This is because breach of contract and fraud in civil law have different elements. Breach of contract is regulated in Article 1243 of the Civil Code, while fraud in civil law is regulated in Article 1328 of the Civil Code. Breach of contract (negligence or inadvertence) by a party can take four forms: First, not doing what was promised to be done; Second, performing what was promised but not as promised; Third, performing what was promised but late; Fourth, doing something that, according to the agreement, should not be done. Meanwhile, fraud, as referred to in this research, consists of the concept of fraud found in Article 1328 of the Civil Code, namely, the presence of defects in will. Defects in will are caused by: mistake or negligence, coercion, and fraud. Therefore, to determine when breach of contract occurs and when fraud occurs depends on a person's intention. If there was already a malicious intent before the contract was closed/signed, then this constitutes an act of fraud. If a person's malicious intent arises after the contract is closed/signed, then this is an act of breach of contract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compensation is one important factor that can motivate employees to improve performance. The compensation given by the company must be commensurate with the company's workload, job risks, and the competencies that accompany the position. The company is obliged to provide both financial and non-financial compensation so that the employees' standard of living needs (KHL) can be met. Therefore, it is necessary to design an appropriate compensation system based on job value. The object of this research is UKM Catering located in Bekasi City. UKM Catering is engaged in the culinary field, which focuses on the catering sector. The research methods used are quantitative and qualitative methods based on trusted scientific journals and articles. This research focuses on the compensation system and standard of living needs of UKM Catering employees. The data processing and analysis method used to develop a job value-based compensation system and job grading in Catering UKM is using Compensable Factors analysis using Adhered Salary Mapping, Salary Mapping Overlapping. The results of this study indicate that an effective compensation system to be implemented by Catering UKM is by using the Overlapping method. This is because the overlapping method of salary distribution is more profitable because the salary increase is not as big as the adhered method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the compensation system in XYZ SMEs based on overlapping methods. The research method used is to collect data through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that XYZ SME entrepreneurs still use an improper compensation system. As a result, the compensation received by workers is not proportional to the performance already produced. The compensation system used by XYZ SMEs is an overlapping method with several performance appraisal indicators. However, there are some shortcomings to this system such as lack of flexibility in assessing the performance of employees who have different duties and responsibilities. Boya Dwilingga Ramdaniar, Dennisa Nasyavini Putri, Lindawati Kartika, Naufal Fahar Muhammad, Nazwa Nurshadrina, Sisca Marisa 782 Syntax Idea, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2023 This study also analyzed overlapping methods for compensation systems in XYZ SMEs. This method can provide a more comprehensive and holistic picture of performance to employees. From the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that adjustments need to be made so that the compensation system in XYZ SMEs can better suit the needs and characteristics of employees and organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]