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Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as a potential molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the promising application in different fields is being closely concerned, but the denseness and smoothness in the morphology and structure of PEDOT hinder the application of the imprinted PEDOT film. In this paper, a simple voltammetric sensor with high sensitivity and selectivity based on the imprinted PEDOT film with imprinted sites as a recognition element for the trace analysis of vitamin K 3 (VK 3 ) in poultry drug samples was developed by the one-step electro-polymerization of commercially-available monomer 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene in the presence of the template molecule VK 3 . The imprinted PEDOT/GCE could efficiently discriminate VK 3 from its structural analogs, and the imprinted PEDOT sensor displayed good linearity with VK 3 concentrations in the wide range of 0.009 to 35 μM with a low limit of detection 0.00031 μM under the optimal conditions. The proposed method was successfully applied for the selective determination of VK 3 in poultry drug samples. All results indicated that the proposed imprinted electrode will provide a promising mimetic sensing platform for the determination of VK 3 in animal feedstuffs, livestock products and veterinary drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstracts Development of selective methods for the detection of mercury (Hg 2+ ) has received tremendous attention in modern chemical research due to its health hazard and persistence in environment. In this paper, the electrochemical determination of Hg 2+ at trace level based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanorods/graphene oxide nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (PEDOT/GO/GCE) is reported. PEDOT/GO nanocomposite has been proposed via a simple liquid–liquid interfacial polymerization approach. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were employed to characterize the morphology and structure of the as-prepared PEDOT/GO. The results revealed that PEDOT with a nanorods-like structure anchored on the surface of GO nanosheets, which could enhance the electro-active sites of the nanocomposite. Differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV) was applied to determine low concentrations of Hg 2+ on PEDOT/GO/GCE. Experimental conditions, including accumulation time, pH values and deposition potential were optimized. In optimal conditions, a good linear relationship was found between peak currents and the concentration of Hg 2+ in 10.0 nM-3.0 μM range. The detection limit was estimated to be 2.78 nM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Finally, the applicability for Hg 2+ determination in tap water samples was successfully demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene-sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) composite film with superior stability in water, adhesion and flexibility, which is very critical for maintaining the long-term stability in water of the PEDOT:PSS film electrode, was easily prepared by introducing a water-soluble, anionic, non-toxic and biocompatible biopolymer (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, Na-CMC) into a commercially available aqueous dispersion of the conducting polymer (PEDOT:PSS dispersion). The high conducting PEDOT:PSS-CMC film exhibited good flexibility and long-term stability in water after being soaked in water for 35 days. The high performance film electrode with excellent adhesion, long-term electrode stability in water (retaining almost 99.4% of its original activity for 105 days), and electrochemical properties was prepared facilely by drop-coating, and displayed good synergistically enhanced electrocatalytic ability towards the anodic oxidation of harmful substances and nutritional ingredients in edible agro-products, which were employed for its application in electrochemical sensors. The simultaneous or individual detection of maleic hydrazide, salicylic acid, nitrite, sunset yellow, and tryptophan was successfully realized using PEDOT:PSS-CMC/GCE, and exhibited superior sensing stability. All satisfactory results indicated that the introduction of CMC into PEDOT:PSS could improve the flexibility, adhesion, long-term electrode stability in water and electrocatalytic ability, which would provide a promising platform for the application in electrochemical fields of the high performance film electrode, especially the application in electrochemical sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A commercially available aqueous poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS) as the immobilization matrix of biologically active species for the development of sensing and biosensing devices has not been widely reported due to its swelling and disintegration in aqueous solution. In this paper, a lowly swelling and disintegrating PEDOT:PSS composite films as the electrochemical biosensing platform was successfully developed by the incorporation of the biocompatible binding agent and common ionic liquid. Nafion was selected as a binding agent, mainly because Nafion could provide the biocompatible environment for biologically active species, improve the adhesion and binding force between films and electrode interface, and prevent peeling off of both enzyme molecules and films. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, one of common ionic liquids, was used for the secondary dopant and enhancer to improve the water-resistance and electrochemical properties of PEDOT:PSS films. Ascorbate oxidase was used as a mode for the development and application of the electrochemical biosensor. The prepared PEDOT:PSS composite modified electrode exhibited the pronounced water-stability. Moreover, the fabricated biosensor displayed an excellent bioelectrocatalytic activity to the oxidation of vitamin C, fast current response, high sensitivity, wide linear range, low detection limit, high bioaffinity and specificity, and satisfactory results in practical application, indicating that the fabricated biosensor has good electrochemical biosensing performance. Meanwhile, the excellent water-stability, repeatability, reproducibility, storage stability, and electrochemical biosensing performance also make PEDOT:PSS composite modified matrix an interesting candidate for the sensing and biosensing application in the near future. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This mini-review presents the progress of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-based thermoelectric (TE) materials having been made in recent years. Systematic research on the TE properties of PEDOT has been carried out since 2008, and then attracted more and more attentions. For PEDOT-based materials, a ZT of 10−1 can be easily obtained nowadays. Considering the advanced techniques for bulk material processing and intensive concerns on PEDOT, a ZT ∼100 may be possible for PEDOT-based TE materials in the near future. However, this TE performance level (10−1–100) may be enough for military and niche applications, since other inherent attributes of PEDOT such as weight, size, and flexibility may be of greater importance. In this paper, we reviewed various materials based on PEDOT in nanoscales, mixtures, and composites and summarized their TE properties, which might facilitate the future TE research of PEDOT. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Most recently, bithiophene unit has became a good choice as monomer unit for alternating π-conjugated copolymers for optoelectronic materials, because it gives good charge mobility to the corresponding polymers and serves as an appropriate donor unit in donor–acceptor polymers with narrow energy band gap. Herein, in order to get a comprehensively understanding of the structure–property relationship of the bithiophene based comonomers and copolymers, five hybrid oligomers which employed alkyl (C n H 2 n + 1 , n = 0, 1, 6, 8, 12) functionalized bithiophene unit as the core and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene unit as the terminals were synthesized. Structure–property relationships of these oligomers and the corresponding polymers were analyzed by optical, electrochemical techniques, theoretical calculations, and spectroelectrochemistry. It was found that as the pendant alkyl length increased from the H to the hexyl, the electronic spectra of these oligomers were blue-shifted while the fluorescence quantum yield reduced and the oxidation peaks were positively shifted. When the number of carbon atoms in the linear alkyl chain was higher than six, these values of them became almost stable. Density functional theory calculations confirmed these trends by comparing with the dihedral angles of each oligomer because of the steric effect caused by alkyl substitution. And the steric hindrance of the alkyl substitution still remains in the polymer films although the effects are very slight. These results clearly indicated that by the simple alky chain engineering, the optoelectronic and electrochemical properties of the oligo-/polythiophenes would be tuned due to the steric hindrance of the alkyl substituent. The hybrid polymers with band gap range from 1.75 to 1.83 eV and electrochromic nature with color changing from violet and purplish in the reduced form to transparent sky blue/green upon oxidation. Combining with good stability and favorable electrochemical activity, these materials hold promise for electrochromic devices and display applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Polyselenophenes, which are extensively employed in organic electronics most recently, exhibit several special properties and potential advantages over polythiophenes as thermoelectric materials, such as lower band gap, higher carrier mobility, stronger intermolecular interactions, etc. This paper herein investigated the thermoelectric performances of different types of polyselenophene (PSE) prepared by different methods/conditions. Surprisingly, PSE exhibits very high Seebeck coefficient (>180μV K-1) despite its relatively low electrical conductivity (10-5∼10-2 S cm-1) at room temperature. To improve its electrical conductivity, the electrochemical copolymerization of selenophene (SE) with 3-methylthiophene under different feed ratios in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE) was further investigated. The as-formed free-standing copolymer films showed a remarkable increase in electrical conductivity (100∼101 S cm-1) but a loss in Seebeck coefficient (45∼98μV K-1). Its maximum thermoelectric figure-of-merit ZT value was estimated to be as high as 3.4×10-2, much higher than those of the most organic thermoelectric materials reported previously. With the high Seebeck coefficient now reported, future work may focus on fully describing new polyselenophenes and polyselenophenes-based copolymers and further exploring their thermoelectric properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A simple one-step method was developed for the synthesis of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–Au nanoparticles (PEDOT–AuNPs) composite film by using a co-electrodeposition technique. The composites were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and UV–vis spectroscopy, which indicated that the uniform distribution of AuNPs was found within the conducting polymer films. Electrocatalytic properties of the composites toward the nitrite oxidation have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. It was found that such PEDOT–AuNPs composites modified electrode showed a very high electrochemical activity for electrocatalytic oxidation of nitrite, which was utilized as the basis of the fabrication of a nonenzymatic sensor for electrochemical detection of nitrite. The sensor can be applied to the quantification of nitrite with a linear range covering from 3 to 300μM and a low detection limit of 0.1μM. Furthermore, the experiment results also showed that the sensor exhibited good reproducibility and long-term stability, as well as high selectivity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A novel conducting polymer poly(9-cyanophenanthrene) (P9CP) was synthesized electrochemically by direct anodic oxidation of 9-cyanophenanthrene (9CP) in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE). The oxidation onset potential of 9CP in the medium was measured to be 1.6V vs. a saturated calomel electrode (SCE). P9CP films obtained from BFEE showed good electrochemical behavior and good thermal stability with electrical conductivity of 0.13Scm−1 in the doped state. The polymer of P9CP may be an attractive candidate material for organic light-emitting material with blue-green-light-emitting upon irradiation with 365nm UV light. Moreover, the P9CP films on the ITO electrode showed good electrochromic property from dark green to dark yellow, between the doped and dedoped state. FTIR and the quantum chemistry calculation indicated that the 9CP was grown via the coupling of the monomer mainly at the C3, and C12 positions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Substitution effects significantly impact the electropolymerization, morphology, properties and electrochemical performance of conducting polymers. In this work, the substitution effects of the electron-withdrawing cyano group on indole polymers are studied in detail. Polyindole (PIn) and its three cyano group substituted derivatives, i.e. , poly(5-cyanoindole) (P5CIn), poly(6-cyanoindole) (P6CIn), and poly(7-cyanoindole) (P7CIn), are successfully electrosynthesized in 0.1 M LiClO 4 /acetonitrile, while it is difficult to electrodeposit 4-cyanoindole into polymer due to the steric effects. Scanning electron microscopic images reveal that P5CIn, P6CIn, and P7CIn have nanofiber structures, while PIn has a dense and cracked structure. Furthermore, P5CIn displays the best capacitance performance with a specific capacitance of 493 F g-1 at 2.5 A g-1, and 87.1% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles charge/discharge. A detailed study of cyano-substituted PIn is provided by this work and it also presents a kind of high-performance supercapacitor material. • The substitution effects of cyano group on indole polymers are studied in detail. • Three kinds of polyindoles are successfully electrosynthesized. • The new polymers show excellent supercapacitor performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Two novel chiral 3,4-dihydro-2 H -thieno[3,4- b ][1,4]dioxepine (ProDOT)-based electrochemical sensor, employing a pair of glassy carbon electrodes modified with chiral poly(2-Phenyl-propionic acid 3,4-dihydro-2 H -thieno[3,4- b ][1,4]dioxepin-3-ylmethyl ester) (PProDTM-PP), were utilized for the enantioselective detection of chiral 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). The enantioselective recognition between chiral PProDTM-PP modified glassy carbon electrodes and chiral DOPA was studied by using different electrochemical technologies. The redox activity and electrochemical stability of chiral PProDTM-PP was good. (R)-PProDTM-PP and (S)-PProDTM-PP showed higher peak current responses toward D -DOPA and L -DOPA, respectively. Furthermore, the recognition efficiencies of chiral PProDTM-PP are between 1.48 and 1.89, which is higher than chiral PEDOT-based electrochemical sensors (around 1.10). The chiral PProDTM-PP provides an alternative to chiral recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human thermal energy as permanent generation energy source have been widely utilized in thermoelectric (TE) application today, especially for wearable electronics. In this work, an intrinsically flexible palm-power TE generator based on the p -type PEDOT:PSS-based composite films has been designed and fabricated. The combination of inorganic nano-filler and chemical treatment have been proved to be an effective strategy for improving the TE performance of PEDOT:PSS. The maximum power factor of PEDOT:PSS composite with 5% content of (Ca 0.85 Ag 0.15 ) 3 Co 4 O 9 was evaluated to be 75.2 μW m −1 K −2 after H 2 SO 4 post-treatment, which was three times higher than that of pure PEDOT:PSS. The resulting film with a good mechanical flexibility still sustained its good TE performance about 96% even after being flexed for 1000 bending cycles. Based on the parallel circuit design, the palm-power TE generator was assembled by the flexible composite films and realized a low internal resistance of 1.1 Ω and an acceptable output power of 36 nW in the palm of hand. This work may open new avenues on the design and fabrication of flexible wearable electronics for energy harvesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) is considered to be one of the most successful organic thermoelectric (TE) material with a figure-of-merit ( ZT ) breakthrough of 0.42 in its field. It is highly expected to achieve higher performance for real application in the near future due to its great TE potential. Numerous effective treatment methods such as pre-treatments and post-treatments on PEDOT:PSS dispersions or films by polar organic solvents, non-ionic surfactant polymers, acids or alkalis and reducing reagents have been developed to enhance its TE performance, which are randomly distributed in different literatures from 14 research groups. To facilitate further research, in this mini-review, we summarize these methods and expound the origin of TE enhancement as well as that the future efforts and strategies are suggested. We are truly expecting this mini-review can be greatly helpful for further research and pave the way for developing more efficient organic TE materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relative to those polymers based on thiophene, the polymers derived from planar symmetrical thieno[3,2- b ]thiophene moieties exhibit highly ordered crystalline, fast charge transport behaviors and good stability. Herein, the effects of the polymerization solvent, potential, and temperature on the structure, morphology, thermal stability and capacitive performance of the electrodeposited poly(thieno[3,2 -b ]thiophene) (PTT) film were studied by FT-IR, SEM, TG and electrochemical methods, respectively. It was found that the PTT film had a very high specific capacitance (627.5 F g −1 at 15 A g −1 ) in acetonitrile/0.1 M LiClO 4 , even at high current density of 100 A g −1 , its specific capacitance still reached 531 F g −1 . Additionally, the morphology and capacitance performance of PTT film were greatly affected by the polymerization solvent, potential, and temperature parameters. Therefore, it is believed that PTT can be a meaningful capacitive material if only the preparation condition is well optimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A purple emitting monomer, namely 5-(benzo[ d ][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4- b ][1,4]dioxine (EDOT-MDOB) was synthesized via Stille coupling reaction and was characterized by FT-IR and NMR. The corresponding blue-light-emitting polymer poly(5-(benzo[ d ][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4- b ] [1,4]dioxine) P(EDOT-MDOB) was prepared with high redox activity and fluorescence quantum yields. Optical band gaps of P(MDOB-EDOT) were determined from the overall absorption and found as 1.59 eV. Smooth and homogeneous P(EDOT-MDOB) remained constant color of dark brown under different applied voltages. Electrochromic switching studies showed that P(EDOT-MDOB) exhibited moderate transmittance with good stability in the visible and near-IR region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large-scale chloromethyl functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanowires (PEDOT-MeCl), poly(2-chloromethyl-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4- b ][1,4]dioxine), were easily electrodeposited in acetonitrile solution containing 0.1 M lithium perchlorate without any templates. The PEDOT-MeCl nanowires were characterized by FT-IR, TG, SEM, TEM and electrochemical technologies. The nanowires structural PEDOT-MeCl with diameter of about 20 nm displayed good thermal stability and high specific capacitance of 174 F g −1 at 25 mV s −1 . Furthermore, the energy density of the symmetric supercapacitor built by PEDOT-MeCl nanowires reached 6.95 Wh kg −1 at a power density of 1625 W kg −1 , and the specific capacitance retention was 81% after 1000 cycles. The above information implied the bright prospect of the PEDOT-MeCl nanowires as electrode material for supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2’-Aminomethyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT-MeNH 2 ) showed unsatisfactory results when its polymerization occurred in organic solvent in our previous report. Therefore, a water-soluble EDOT derivative was designed by using hydrochloric modified EDOT-MeNH 2 (EDOT-MeNH 2 ·HCl) and electropolymerized in aqueous solution to form the corresponding polymer with excellent electrochromic properties. Moreover, the polymer was systematically explored, including electrochemical, optical properties and structure characterization. Cyclic voltammetry showed low oxidation potential of EDOT-MeNH 2 ·HCl (0.85 V) in aqueous solution, leading to the facile electrodeposition of uniform the polymer film with outstanding electroactivity. Compared with poly(2′-aminomethyl- 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT-MeNH 2 ), poly(2′-aminomethyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene salt) (PEDOT-MeNH 3 + A − ) revealed higher efficiencies (156 cm 2 C −1 ), lower bandgap (1.68 eV), and faster response time (1.4 s). Satisfactory results implied that salinization can not only change the polymerization system, but also adjust the optical absorption, thereby increase the electrochromic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green DES (ChCl/urea fluid) as a novel surface treatment reagent has been proposed for improving the thermoelectric (TE) performance of PEDOT:PSS films and demonstrated satisfying effects as expected. Simultaneous increases were found in the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient, which achieved further improvement by raising the treating temperature. This additional enhancement was probably attributed to that higher temperature led to decreased viscosity thus a better interaction between the DES mixture and the film surface. The maximum electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient were found at 120 °C, reaching 85.6 S cm −1 and 30.1 μV K −1 . Further TE improvement was obtained when DMSO was introduced to make a mixture with DES at different ratios to act as the treatment reagent, giving rise to an optimized power factor of 25.26 μW m −1 K −2 with the corresponding electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient being 424.2 S cm −1 and 24.4 μV K −1 , respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly(9,10-dihydrophenanthrene) (PDHP) and polyphenanthrene (PPhe) were synthesized electrochemically by direct anodic oxidation of their corresponding monomers in an ionic liquid BmimPF 6 . The electropolymerization performances of 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (DHP) and phenanthrene (Phe), together with the properties of both polymers, including electrochemistry, optical properties, thermal degradation, and morphology were comparatively illustrated. FT-IR spectral analysis manifested that the polymerization of DHP occurred primarily at C(2) and C(7) positions, while Phe mainly through the coupling at C(9) and C(10) sites, in good agreement with previous results. Both PDHP ( E g = 2.55 eV) and PPhe ( E g = 2.18 eV) were electroactive and exhibited moderate redox stability, as well as good thermal stability. Furthermore, two polymers could emit yellow–green light, while PDHP showed higher fluorescence quantum yield of 0.14. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, poly(indole-5-carboxylic acid) (PICA) nanowires were facilely prepared by a one-step electrodeposition on glass carbon electrode (GC) and its capacitance performance was evaluated in different electrolytes. The initial galvanostatic charge/discharge test of PICA in acetonitrile/LiClO 4 exhibited a specific capacitance of 275 F g −1 at the current density of 1.0 A g −1 but the capacitance stability was quite poor, whereas, an enhanced specific capacitance (350 F g −1 at 1.0 A g −1 ) and an improved capacitance stability (98% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles) were obtained in HClO 4 aqueous electrolyte, which were also better than that in the counterpart media (Na 2 SO 4 , KCl, and H 2 SO 4 aqueous electrolytes). Additionally, the symmetrical supercapacitor based on two PICA electrodes in HClO 4 aqueous electrolyte exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 69.0 F g −1 , an energy density of 9.4 Wh kg −1 at a power density of 1000 W kg −1 , and an excellent cycle life of 94% specific capacitance retention after 1000 cycles. These results implied that the PICA nanowires with HClO 4 aqueous solution as electrolyte will be a kind of promising electrode material for supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel solution-processable fluorescent oligo(1-aminopyrene) was readily electrosynthesized by direct anodic oxidation of its momomer 1-aminopyrene in neutral medium CH 2 Cl 2 –Bu 4 NPF 6 (0.1 mol L −1 ). FT-IR spectrum demonstrated that the polymerization of 1-aminopyrene probably occurred at C 3 and C 8 positions. In addition, the resulting oligo(1-aminopyrene) film showed good redox activity, water-solubility and enhanced fluorescence property in comparison with its monomer, indicating potential application as fluorescent materials. Oligo(1-aminopyrene) was also employed as fluorescent chemosensor to sense Fe(III) and Pd(II) in aqueous solution, and it showed pronounced sensitivity and fast response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Benzenesulfonate derivatives doped PEDOT were prepared by one-step polymerization. [•] The p-ABS− anion could improve the electrocatalytic property of PEDOT. [•] PEDOT/p-ABS−/GCE showed high electrochemical activity for VB2, VB9 and VC. [•] PEDOT/p-ABS−/GCE was applied to simultaneous determination of VB2, VB9 and VC. [•] The method was successfully applied to detect VB2, VB9 and VC in practical sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS was used as an organic thermoelectric (TE) material. [•] Low PH value (acidic condition) enhances the TE performance of PEDOT:PSS. [•] High PH value (alkaline condition) decreases the TE performance of PEDOT:PSS. [•] The recovery of TE performance after a second treatment with acid was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] PTh, P3MeT and P3OT films were prepared through a one-step electrochemical route. [•] Conducting polymer as a TE material has been systematically investigated. [•] The addition of DTBP was contributed to enhance the TE performance. [•] The as-formed films showed smooth and homogeneous surface morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In aqueous dispersion of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), the mixture dispersion containing different proportion of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were added. These three components were physically blended to fabricate composite films for improving the mechanical properties and the water resistance of PEDOT:PSS films; a strong drawback hindering their electrical properties. The effect of the ratio of POSS compared to PEDOT:PSS was in particular investigated. It was convincingly proven that the introduction of POSS unit and strong polar DMSO improved surface roughness, hydrophobicity, stability, friction resistance and electrical properties of PEDOT:PSS films. • The effect of the ratio of POSS compared to PEDOT:PSS was in particular investigated. • With assistance of POSS and DMSO, the hydrophobicity and abrasion resistance of PEDOT:PSS composite films were improved. • Optimized PEDOT:PSS/POSS (1:1) films show bending flexibility and great long-term stability when exposure to water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Polynaphthalene films with electrical conductivity of 10−3 Scm−1 were successfully electrosynthesized by direct anodic oxidation of 1,1′-binaphthyl (BN) and 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol (BNO) in CH2Cl2 containing additional boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE). The introduction of BFEE greatly lowered the onset oxidation potentials of the monomers compared with other supporting electrolytes. The resulting poly(1,1′-binaphthyl) (PBN) films exhibited good redox activity and stability in different monomer-free electrolytes. Moreover, FT-IR spectra and quantum chemistry calculation results proved that PBN and poly(1,1′-bi-2-naphthol) (PBNO) were both synthesized mainly through the coupling of the monomers at α-positions of the naphthalene ring. Fluorescence spectral determination showed that the polymers were typical blue light-emitters with solution quantum yields of 0.17 and 0.13, respectively. The substitution of hydroxyl and naphthyl groups did not change the emission wavelength of polynaphthalene (about 417nm). Surface morphology determination revealed that regular particles with different sizes were orderly assembled on ITO electrode after electrochemical growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Highly conducting free-standing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) films with room-temperature electrical conductivity of about 300Scm−1 were successfully prepared from PEDOT/PSS solution containing additives (DMSO or EG) on the smooth and flexible polypropylene (PP) film substrate with contact angle of 87°. As formed free-standing PEDOT/PSS films possess good flexibility and can be easily cut into various shapes with a knife. The contact angle of substrate has significant effect on the preparation of free-standing PEDOT/PSS films. Additionally, the process of adding DMSO or EG did not result in the change of carrier concentration but the increase of carrier mobility. The free-standing PEDOT/PSS film showed high electrical conductivity and stable Seebeck coefficient and its figure of merit (ZT) with high environment stability can be up to 10−2, one order of magnitude higher than that of pressed PEDOT/PSS pellets (10−3). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Homogeneous PEDOT:PSS:PANI water-dispersible was obtained via in situ composite. • Flexible PEDOT:PSS:PANI film was fabricated by a facile method. • TE performance of PEDOT:PSS:PANI film was enhanced by DMSO&CSA post-treatment. Organic thermoelectric (TE) materials are widely applied in various flexible portable products owing to their flexibility, transparency, and light weight. However, the performance of organic TE materials still needs to be further enhanced, seeking the composite preparation approach is one of the main strategies. Herein, an organic hybrid TE film, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and polyaniline (PANI), is prepared by solution in situ composite. In situ composite can not only enhance the TE property of the PANI, but also can increase the contact surface between PANI with the PEDOT:PSS, ameliorating the energy scattering effect. In addition, due to the introduction of PEDOT:PSS, the flexibility and solubility of PANI are effectively improved. When the feeding ratio of the aniline is 20 wt%, the electrical conductivity of the hybrid reached 43.7 S cm−1, which can be attributed to the strong interaction between PSS and PANI. After treated with DMSO&CSA, the hybrid reveals an apparent promotion of power factor as 4.26 μW m−1 K−2. The in situ composite method can provide a reference for the combination of various amino derivatives with conducting polymers, as well as to optimize the TE properties of hybrid films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Different effects of conductivity-enhancement reagents on self-healing of PEDOTs:PSS films were found. • EG treatment showed the greatest conductive healing, while H2SO4 post-treatment showed the best mechanical healing. • PEG or DMSO treatment showed negative influence on the self-healing of PEDOTs:PSS films. Conducting polymers (CPs), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films, have shown excellent applications in the field of flexible electronics. In most cases, conductivity-enhancement reagents, such as popular dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) have been demonstrated as necessary additives. However, their effects on the self-healing performances of such films were still unknown. Here, effects of these reagents as well as inorganic concentrated sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) on the water-induced mechanical and electronic (conductive and thermoelectric) self-healing properties of PEDOT:PSS films were studied and corresponding mechanisms were illustrated. Meanwhile, analogous poly(3,4-ethylenedioxyselenophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOS:PSS) film was investigated as a contrast. Treatment by EG showed 98 % recovery of conductivity and significantly reduced crack width after healing, while H 2 SO 4 post-treatment only improved the self-healing of mechanical properties but significantly weakened the electrical properties. PEG or DMSO treatment showed negative influence on the self-healing of PEDOTs:PSS films. Since flexible electronic applications of PEDOTs:PSS films are highly inseparable from various additives or post-treatment, this initial research will help to clarify and optimize the synergy between electronic and self-healing behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Polydibenzothiophene (PDBT) was synthesized via palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction for the first time. • PDBT was prepared with molecular weight of 6 and 12 kDa. • PDBT emit blue photoluminescence with maximum PLQYs of 3.6 %. • Iodine doped PDBT displayed electrical conductivity up to ∼10−3 S cm-1. • The repetitive unit of DBT exceed 9, the organic photoelectric properties would present no significant change. Polydibenzothiophene (PDBT) was synthesized via palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction from 2,8-dibromodibenzothiophene and 2,8-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-dibenzothiophene. Since molecular weight is an important factor determining the organic photoelectric performance, PDBT was prepared with molecular weight (M n) varying from 6 kDa (extracted by dichloromethane, PDBT-D) to 12 kDa (extracted by chloroform, PDBT-C). Amorphous PDBT-D and PDBT-C both emitted blue photoluminescence with close PLQYs of 3.6 and 2.8 % in CHCl 3 , showed similar electrochemical band gap of 2.26 and 2.18 eV, presented no significant thermal transitions, and exhibited uniform homogeneous morphology. The photoelectric performance exhibited the obvious different compared with monomer DBT, observing obvious T m and T c as well as compact coralline surface morphology. To better understand the influence of M n for the above organic photoelectric performance, DFT calculations were performed. We have calculated different repetitive unit of DBT, signed as (DBT) n , n means the number of repetitive unit. In this theoretical calculation, when the repetitive unit of DBT increase to 9 and 12, namely (DBT) 9 and (DBT) 12 , the LUMO/HOMO levels and even dipole moment were not changed. Videlicet, in our model system, M n of PDBT surpass about 1.6 kDa, its organic photoelectric properties would perform no significant change. The study provide guidance for effect research of molecular weight on photoelectric performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]