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Objective: To assess the associated risk factors for daytime urinary frequency among Taiwanese women aged = 60 years., Materials and Methods: Daytime urinary frequency, defined by the International Continence Society, and its associated problems were evaluated, and medical history and sociodemographic variables were recorded. A total of 2,410 women were selected by a multistage random sampling method. The factors were assessed by frequency and Pearson's ?2 test using a significance level of < 0.05., Results: A total of 621 women of those initially selected in the study died before completion of this study. Face-to-face interviews with 1,521 women were completed, producing a response rate of 85.0% (1,521/1,789 women). The prevalence of daytime urinary frequency was significantly related to body mass index (p = 0.018), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.017), hypertension (p = 0.015), previous drug allergy (p = 0.003), smoking (p = 0.005), hormone therapy (p = 0.019), parity (p = 0.019), and urinary incontinence (p = 0.000). However, there was no association between urinary frequency and previous gynecologic surgery, hysterectomy, alcohol consumption, marital status, childbirth, and age of menopause., Conclusion: The results of this study showed a relatively high risk of urinary frequency development in patients with urinary incontinence, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, and smoking that are preventable, modifiable, or controllable. Better quality of health education for these women, drawing their attention to the associated factors, may have an impact on the prevalence of urinary frequency., (Copyright © 2010 Taiwan Association of Obstetric & Gynecology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of daytime urinary frequency among Taiwanese women aged 60 years and older., Materials and Methods: There were an estimated 1.25 million female residents aged 60 years and over in Taiwan in 2000. A sample of 2,410 women was selected using a multistage random sampling method. Face-to-face visits with 1,523 women were completed by trained professional interviewers within 3 months of the subjects selection. Questions about urinary frequency and other lower urinary tract symptoms, sociodemographics, reproduction, and medical and surgical histories were recorded. The factors were assessed by frequency and Pearson's Chi-squared test using a significance level of < 0.05., Results: The prevalence of urinary frequency in Taiwanese women aged 60 years and over was 18.8% (286/1,521). The response rate was 85.0% (1,521/1,789). For those who complained of frequency, 45.8% voided 8-15 times a day, 37.8% voided 16-23 times a day, 1.7% voided 24-31 times and a day, and 14.7% voided more than 31 times a day. The prevalence of urinary frequency was significantly associated with age (p < 0.001)., Conclusion: Urinary frequency is a common symptom in menopausal women and is significantly related to age. More than half of the women interviewed experienced intervals of < 1 hour between visits to the restroom during the day.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the complete abortion rate for the vaginal administration of high-dose misoprostol after a failed medical abortion., Materials and Methods: When their medical abortions failed after the conventional oral administration of mifepristone and misoprostol, participants then received 1,000 microg of misoprostol vaginally. The efficacy and side effects of this treatment were evaluated., Results: Twenty-seven women who failed to abort after the conventional administration of mifepristone and misoprostol were enrolled in this trial. Fourteen days after the vaginal administration of 1,000 microg misoprostol, the overall complete expulsion rate had reached 88.8% (24/27). Most adverse effects were mild to moderate and did not require treatment., Conclusion: The vaginal administration of 1,000 microg misoprostol as a salvage therapy after a failed medical abortion appears to be a safe and highly effective alternative to surgical intervention.

Objective: Existing drug-induced abortion techniques involve oral administration of 200 mg of mifepristone, followed by oral administration of 600 microg of misoprostol 48 hours later, but the effects are variable. As revealed by recent research, sublingual and oral administrations of misoprostol are equally efficacious in terms of rapid absorption, but the former lasts longer in serum. Hence, in the near future, sublingual administration of misoprostol may become the most effective way to induce abortion., Materials and Methods: Women with intrauterine pregnancy up to 49 gestational days received vaginal ultrasonography, followed by oral administration of mifepristone 200 mg and sublingual administration of misoprostol 600 microg 48 hours later. They returned for follow-up consultations 3 and 14 days after. The definition of a successfully induced complete medical abortion was that the abortion occurred without surgery or evacuating the uterus., Results: A total of 356 women underwent medical abortion; the complete abortion rate was 98.3% (350 women). Medical abortion was unsuccessful in five (1.7%) women, who eventually had to undergo dilation and curettage. Patients found the side effects to be bearable; the reported satisfaction rate was 89.9% (325 women)., Conclusion: Medical abortion for early termination of pregnancy should be achieved by oral administration of mifepristone, followed by sublingual administration of misoprostol.

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of using mifepristone and misoprostol concurrently for early medical abortion., Materials and Methods: A total of 90 women with undesired pregnancies

Objective: When a patient's chief complaint is lower abdominal pain, but physical and ultrasonic examinations and laboratory tests show no evidence of any noticeable disease, physicians may make a wrong diagnosis, such as abdominal adhesion, chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic congestion and even psychosomatic disorders. In actuality, the pain may originate from the abdominal wall instead of the viscera. Local anesthetics coupled with steroid injections not only effectively alleviate the pain but also means that laparoscopy and medication can be avoided and is thereby worthy of wide use. Here, we present the results for the treatment of abdominal wall pain by local injection., Materials and Methods: Between January 1994 and December 2005, we treated 211 abdominal wall pain patients. Diagnoses were based on the pressure of the abdominal wall tender point, which elicited sharp shooting pain during compression, and presence of positive Carnett's sign. After confirmation of the trigger point, a fine needle was used to inject a mixture of 0.5% bupivacaine 2 mL, 2% lidocaine 3 mL and 4 mg betamethasone 1 mL. The patients were examined on a weekly basis and underwent reinjection if symptoms recurred., Results: There were 71 patients who were lost to or refused treatment or follow-up; the 140 remaining patients were evaluated. After trigger point injection in these patients, 95 (67.9%) reported no pain at all after treatment. Forty-five (32.1%) patients still had abdominal pain and required a second injection. A total of 133 (95%) patients showed complete pain resolution. After 3 months of follow-up, 115 (86.5%) patients remained free of abdominal pain., Conclusion: Local injection for selective abdominal wall pain patients produces significant pain relief. The diagnosis of abdominal wall pain is an important component in avoiding unnecessary operations in patients with abdominal pain.