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The Pteris fauriei group (Pteridaceae) includes Pteris with bipinnatisect laminae and entire pinnules. The taxonomic debate is led by morphological similarity and aggravated by the wide geographic distribution and a large number of involved taxa. We collected more than 500 plants and examined related herbarium specimens. Based on the evidence of morphology, molecular phylogeny, ecology, and reproductive biology, we propose the following taxonomic and nomenclatural novelties. 1) Two new species, Pteris austrotaiwanensis Y.S.Chao from Taiwan and Pteris pseudowulaiensis Y.S.Chao from China and Taiwan, are described. 2) The occurrence of Pteris wulaiensis in Japan is confirmed. 3) Pteris fauriei var. chinensis was treated as a synonym of Pteris latipinna Y.S.Chao & W.L.Chiou. 4) Pteris fauriei var. minor Hieron. is raised as species, Pteris minor (Hieron.) Y.S.Chao stat. nov. In this study, we clarify morphology of all known taxa in the P. fauriei group and provide a key.

Ferns and lycophytes of Taiwan display an extraordinarily high diversity. Despite the detailed species documentation, the pteridophyte flora of Taiwan as a whole has never been organized into a phylogenetic framework. Here we provide an updated, phylogeny-based checklist that includes a total of 824 (infra)species taxa, of which eleven are first recorded. In addition, lectotypification of Phlegmariurus salvinioides and new combinations of 25 taxa were made in this study. Our classification scheme is based on the most recent phylogenetic evidence, and for all taxon names accepted here, we provide their best corresponding names in Taiwanese Mandarin. Our appendix and the online file also supply other details, such as synonyms, for the Taiwanese pteridophytes in order to track their nomenclatural changes from the previous floristic documentations. Finally, a discussion group for our community-Taiwan Pteridophyte Group (TPG)- is established online. This platform will allow more users to follow further updates of TPG or to provide any comments on new versions of Taiwan pteridophyte checklist.

Two fern taxa of Dryopteridaceae, Polystichum chunii and P. tenuius, are reported as new records of Taiwan. Morphological descriptions, synonyms, taxonomic notes, line-drawings and photographs of living material, and IUCN Red List Category are provided herein.

Pteris kawabatae Sa. Kurata was regarded as endemic to Japan. We here report its new distribution in China, Taiwan, and Vietnam. We also re-circumscribe P. arisanensis as an independent species and propose its Chinese name herein. A key is provided to compare those morphologically similar Pteris species in Taiwan, including P. arisanensis, P. biaurita, P. fauriei, P. linearis, P. kawabatae and P. wulaiensis.

Pteris grevilleana Wall. ex Agardh var. ornata Alderw. has a white stripe at the center of the blade, which is the marked difference from P. grevilleana var. grevilleana. New records of this variety in Taiwan are reported. Using flow cytometry, tetraploids of P. grevilleana var. ornata were found in Vietnam, and diploids were found in Taiwan. Their spore characteristics are also given herein. The spore sizes of the two ploids significantly differ.