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Background: The prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who develop leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is poor., Objective: To assess the clinical efficacy of osimertinib, a third-generation tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI), in patients with epidermal growth-factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated NSCLCs and LM., Patients and Methods: Retrospective study of NSCLC patients with osimertinib-treated EGFR-mutated NSCLC and LM., Results: Twenty patients (mean age, 61.2 years; 70% women) with adenocarcinoma NSCLC were included in the study. EGFR mutations were reported in exons 18 (n = 2), 19 (n = 7), and 21 (n = 11). Before starting osimertinib, patients had received a mean of 2.3 treatment lines. When LM was diagnosed, all patients had clinical symptoms. Sixteen (80%) patients had a performance status ≥2. At osimertinib initiation, 13 (65%) patients harbored the EGFR-T790M-resistance mutation. Osimertinib was started at 80 (n = 17), 160 (n = 2), or 40 mg/day (n = 1). All 13 (100%) patients with the T790M mutation and 4 (57%) of those without it obtained clinical responses. Among the 11 radiologically assessable patients, 9 (82%) responded, with 5 responses reported within 15 days after treatment initiation. Median overall survival and progression-free survival were 18.0 and 17.2 months, respectively, from the start of osimertinib., Conclusions: In this non-selected population, osimertinib had remarkable efficacy in NSCLC patients with LM irrespective of the presence of the EGFR-T790M-resistance mutation. Osimertinib efficacy was rapid in several patients, even some with poor performance status.

Background: Chromosomal translocations involving the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK) are rare oncogenic events found in 3-5% of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Limited data have been published on the management of these patients outside clinical trials., Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and management of patients with NSCLC harboring ALK translocations (ALK+) in a real-life setting in France., Methods: This multicenter, observational, retrospective study included all NSCLC patients harboring ALK translocations diagnosed in participating centers between January 2012 and December 2014. Patient data include clinical characteristics, disease management, and outcomes [progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS)]., Results: The 31 participating centers reported data on 132 patients, of whom 51% (n = 67) were male. The median age was 60.1 ± 14.5 (standard deviation) years; 89% (n = 106/119) had performance status 0/1 at diagnosis; 79% (n = 103/130) were non- or former smokers; 93% (n = 120/129) had adenocarcinomas and 74%(n = 97)/19%(n = 25)/7%(n = 10) had disease stages IV/III/I-II at diagnosis, respectively; co-mutations included EGFR (n = 2), BRAF (n  = 2), KRAS (n = 1), and HER2 (n = 1). Of the patients with stage IV NSCLC (n = 97), 96% received first-line treatment [75% chemotherapy-based, 21% ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)], with an associated response rate (RR), disease-control rate (DCR), and PFS of 42%, 64%, and 7.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.9-9.5] months, respectively; 62% received second-line treatment (28% chemotherapy, 72% ALK TKI) with an associated RR, DCR, and PFS of 43.4%, 70%, and 4.7 (95% CI 4.0-8.1) months, respectively. The 2-year OS was 56.7% (95% CI 45.5-70.4%); median OS was not reached., Conclusion: The results of this real-life analysis suggest that the prognosis of NSCLC patients with theALK translocation may be better than that of the overall NSCLC population, but the outcomes were poorer than those of ALK+ NSCLC patients included in clinical studies.