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Redhead, S. A., Vilgalys, R., Moncalvo, J.‐M., Johnson, J. & Hopple, J. S., Jr.: CoprinusPers. and the disposition of Coprinusspecies sensu lato.– Taxon 50: 203–241. 2001. –1SSN 0040–0262. Based upon molecular studies, the genus CoprinusPers. is subdivided into Coprinus sensu stricto(Agaricaceae), and CoprinellusP. Karst., CoprinopsisP. Karst., and Parasolagen. nov. in the new family Psathyrellaceae.The nomenclatural history and typifications of names previously treated as synonyms of Coprinusare reviewed. It is demonstrated that taxonomic characters previously considered not to be generically significant gain importance when correlated with molecular evidence. Many new combinations are proposed. A key using anatomical features to molecularly (phylogenetically) recognised coprinoid genera is provided.

Redhead, S. A., Seifert, K. A., Vilgalys, R. & Moncalvo, J.‐M.: Rhacophyllusand Zerovaemyces—teleomorphs or anamorphs? – Taxon 49: 789–798. – ISSN 0040‐0262. The originally monotypic genus Rhacophylluswas conceived for an agaric‐like fungus that bore sheets of miniature sclerotium‐like bodies (lysomeres) in place of lamellae. Subsequently it was demonstrated that a “normal” Coprinus‐liketeleomorph exists as an alternative state (morph). Following this discovery, most authors have treated Rhacophyllusas an anamorph. Ontogenetic studies indicate that the Rhacophyllusstate is a variation on basidiome production. Rhacophyllusapparently was rediscovered and redescribed as a new genus Zerovaemyces, for which a new family, Zerovaemycetaceae, and a new order, Loculomycetes, were also described, all as teleomorphs. Nomenclatural application of these names are analysed, and it is concluded that Rhacophyllus(and Zerovaemyces, Zerovaemycetaceae) are best considered to be nomina anamorphosium.These decisions affect the naming of other taxa newly resolved molecularly. An analogous second case of modified basidiomes involves the anamorph Decapitatusgen. nov., described here for the well‐known gemmiferous state of Mycena citricolor, Decapitatus flaviduscomb. nov. (= Stilbum flavidum).

Phenetic and cladistic methods were both used to study phylogenetic relationships of fungi in the genus Collybiasection Levipedes.Ten North American taxa were scored for 23 morphological and ecological traits, and the resulting data set was used for both kinds of analysis. Essentially identical phenograms were generated regardless of the type of similarity or dissimilarity coefficient used. Both principal coordinate and minimum spanning tree analyses also produced results congruent with the various phenograms. For cladistic analysis, parsimony analysis was chosen to construct Wagner trees, which were rooted using several criteria. With only in‐group taxa in the analysis, a single Wagner tree resulted when the dictum ‘common is primitive’ was used to root the tree. Outgroup taxa were chosen from sections Striipedes, Vestipedesand Maculatae.Of the various runs using outgroup taxa from different sections of Collybia, only that with section Striipedesas outgroup resulted in a single unequivocal tree being resolved. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that Striipedesis most closely allied to Levipedes.All parsimony analyses indicated a high level of parallelism in section Levipedes.Both phenetic and cladistic analyses grouped taxa in a similar manner, although several differences in branching pattern were apparent. The C. dryophilacomplex was clearly distinguished from the rest of the section by all analyses. Other close relationships were suggested between C. alkalivirensand C. fuscopurpurea, and between C. spongiosaand C. kaufmanii.The Wagner trees are presented as hypotheses of phylogenetic relationship in Levipedes.