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This study explores the symbolic political phenomenon of Karaeng power in Jeneponto, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The main objective of this research is to understand how Karaeng traditional symbols of power are maintained and utilized in the local political context. Qualitative research methods are used by conducting in depth interviews with community figures and content analysis of related primary and secondary data. The research results show that traditional Karaeng symbols of power still have strong relevance in influencing local political dynamics, even in the modern era and ongoing democratization. The discussion in this paper highlights the importance of understanding the role of symbols in the local political context, as well as its implications for power dynamics and community political participation in Jeneponto. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fundamental values, such as human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, and respect for human rights are essential values of a democratic, social and participatory society. Despite this, in the past few years, it is possible to see an increase in hate speech, racism and hate crimes in many countries of the EU. This paper aims to present the state-of-art of the Portuguese situation regarding to discrimination, hate speech and racism, based on literature review of national and international resources, and interviews with persons that have suffered from hate speech, as well as experts in the field. Results forecast a long pathway still to mitigate these phenomena and claim that it is fundamental to have an intervention that includes all societal actors: government, organisations, civil society and citizens. The researchers hope that this paper enriches the knowledge around the concepts discussed and that is useful for the development of strategies towards the promotion of a more equitable society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the introduction of democracy in 1994, South Africa was faced with significant issues that necessitated action to improve the levels of domestic and foreign direct investments required to accelerate economic growth. Moreover, the South African economy comprised a narrow range of exports and an over-dependence on primary production. These challenges hindered the growth within the country as well as the continent. The emergence of Special economic zones (SEZs) internationally as a policy to support industrial development targeted at incentivising economic and infrastructure development based on specific geographical areas and responding to the needs of a particular local area. This is especially useful when the government wants to extend incentives for particular activities outside designated zones. This paper is conceptual and seeks to make a critical analysis of the contribution of SEZ to the country's economy through the use of a literature review. The article further points out the extent to which jobs, foreign direct investments, and employment were triggered by SEZ use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to establish if Zimbabwe has the potential and Information Communication Technology (ICT) capacity to implement e-voting methods in the country's often discredited electoral process. The study adopted qualitative methods and secondary data collected from relevant reports, questionnaires randomly distributed to the general populace as well as interviews with Zimbabwe Electoral Commission (ZEC) and the Postal and Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of Zimbabwe (POTRAZ) officials. The paper highlights the global and national status of ICT adoption in Zimbabwe which is the key driver to the successful implementation of e-voting, internet coverage, and use in the country. The research also investigated how Zimbabwe citizens in the diaspora, through new Internet platforms, can exercise their right to participate in the country's political discourse and vote using the e-voting model. The findings indicate that though it can be done, it is not being practiced. Hence citizens in the diaspora are being excluded from the electoral process. The research findings also give credence suggesting Zimbabwe has sufficient infrastructure to implement evoting methods as a trial in selected local government elections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo in its basic provisions has defined the form of government and separation of state powers, as a fundamental principle of democracy, where the President of the Republic of Kosovo is not part of any of the state powers, but the constitutional powers he exercises affect that he has connections with all state powers. This paper addresses the relation of the President of the Republic of Kosovo with the legislative power, including the exercise of some of his constitutional powers, namely the convening of the constitutive session of the Assembly, the dissolution of the Assembly and the annual speech of the President in the Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo. The above-mentioned competencies, in addition to the theoretical aspect, are also analyzed in the practical aspect when these constitutional competencies of the President were materialized by President Jahjaga during the mandate 2011-2016. Also, the political stalemate and the actions taken by the President, Mrs. Atifete Jahjaga for his overcoming, criticisms and recommendations of the European Commission in the Progress Reports regarding the political stalemate in the country. since the declaration of Kosovo as an independent state in 2008, it has managed to complete a full constitutional mandate, five years, unlike its predecessors and successors until 2019. Therefore, this paper aims to elaborate the exercise of some constitutional powers and the practice of one of the most important constitutional institutions in the Republic of Kosovo, that of the President of the Republic of Kosovo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between India-Canada is built upon a mutual respect for democracy, multiculturalism and people to people contact over the period of time. Despite of this, India and Canada relationship is yet to develop its full potential. The present article tries to examine and analyses the geopolitical relations and bilateral engagement between India-Canada and its geoeconomic potential in the present century. The various efforts were made to conclude a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between the two nations on the lines of a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with commitments to tariff reductions and reforms in the commercial environment. Despite of few irritants, both the country started moving towards greater trade cooperation and collaboration. It is against this backdrop the research article aims to analyze the degree of convergence and divergence of geopolitical and geoeconomic issues that have affected New Delhi's interest in seeking a broader relationship with Ottawa. Further, the paper will try to examine the other factors in cementing the multilateral collaboration and cooperation between the two nations in the present century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of political family networks (PFNs) is an anomaly in Indonesian democracy post-New Order authoritarianism. This article discusses the emergence of political family networks in Banten Province, Indonesia, and how they maintained stability and stayed in power for over two decades. The research data, crucial for our comprehensive understanding, were collected through rigorous, in-depth interviews with key informants in Banten. Observation and study of documents were also carried out during the process of collecting data in the field. The result of the study shows that in the two decades since the 1998 democratic transition, as many as five PFNs emerged and existed in Banten Province. However, the role of local strongman Tubagus Chasan Shohib, who leveraged his social and political influence, became the most intriguing aspect of this study. His influence was critical in this region's emergence and consolidation of PFNs. Stability in the political arena was built through the strengthening of social bonds and transactional, as well as the spread of institutions in a mimetic, normative, and coercive manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management of societal diversity through multicultural-based public policies is an interesting issue that is developing in the democratic system of the Indonesian nation today. This research aims to analyze multicultural-based public policy in three elements such as managing diversity, democratic politics, and national identity in strengthening Indonesia's national resilience. Through a study of the intertextuality of documents on multicultural issues, this research analyzes library data related to the policy concepts, regulations, and responses of society to the practice of multicultural policies in the public sector. The findings of this research describe several multicultural policies that are difficult to implement in the democratic political system of Indonesia. It often deals with identity politics based on religion. To strengthen national identity, the Indonesian government applies two essential philosophies in all aspects of national life, namely Pancasila and Bhineka Tunggal Ika. Both contain strong multicultural values as the historical heritage of the Indonesian society which are continuously maintained through the policy of establishing the Pancasila Ideology Development Agency (BPIP). Multicultural-based public policies have strengthened national identity, nationalism attitude, social integration of society that supports the resilience of the Indonesian nation for unity in its diversity to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The highest written legal basis in the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia is the 1945 Constotution of the Republic of Indonesia. This means that some provisions in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia gelede normstelling need further regulation with laws and regulations. Given that the product of state law is the Constitution and laws and regulations, it is correct and appropriate if some provisions in the Constitution are further regulated by laws and regulations. The laws and regulations, as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republikc of Indonesia are Law, Perpu, PP, Perpres.G [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Money politic in election for regional head in Indonesia is the behavior of group of people who destroy democracy. Money politic in the general election in Indonesia have become commonplace. The purpose of this research is to analyze money politic in election for regional head in Indonesia. The research method used is the normative legal research method, with the analysis approach to the Law of the election for regional head in Indonesia. The result of research showed that money politic in election for regional head in Indonesia, Based on the Law of 10 of 2016, money politic constitutes bribery. The category of bribery due to money politic contains the tendency of giving money to influence voters to choose or not for candidate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, authors attempt to provoke the need of renewed understanding and researching related to the mythologization of the Balkans in Postmodern period. In the midpoint of this article is postmodern critic of international experts for legitimacy in 'new state democracy' (for example Bosnia and Herzegovina). Authors will try to make distinction between what is reality on the ground and what is the desirable model of Bosnia and Herzegovina for Europe. Regardless of various processes that are ongoing in Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is not possible to move away from mythological narratives and concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]