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In recent decades, many developing countries have launched transfer initiatives to develop their infrastructure, economy, and standard of living because they have not had the knowledge and technical expertise to implement large and complex infrastructure projects. Therefore, scholars have examined the technology transfer process from various perspectives. However, there is still a lack of understating of how access to organisational resources may indirectly relate to the technology transfer process. Thus, the current study aims to address these limitations by examining how firm innovativeness mediates between access to organisational resources and international technology transfer. Based on social exchange theory and using a resource-based view, we aim to assess the potential mediating role of firm innovativeness and the moderating role of cooperative norms. Data were collected from 150 middle and top managers at innovative agricultural companies in Kazakhstan. The results show that firm innovativeness mediates access to organisational resources and technology transfer. Moreover, the moderating role of cooperative norms on the path between firm innovativeness and technology transfer was proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research and Development (R&D) service firms make significant contributions to innovation in other businesses. The extant literature considers these firms a homogenous sub-group of Knowledge Intensive Business Service firms (KIBS). The objective of this study is to investigate how R&D service firms innovate and the variety of innovation practices within these firms. Employing data from semi-structured interviews with senior managers from 32 UK-based R&D service firms, we suggest that there are two different modes of innovation: in the first mode, R&D service firms innovate similarly to KIBS whose innovation is ad-hoc in nature and driven by customers' requests; another group of R&D service firms innovate like New Technology-based Firms (NTBFs) relying more on structured in-house R&D activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multinational enterprises (MNEs) strive to commercialise their knowledge base globally by mobilising their technological competencies, transferring them across organisational boundaries, and selling the resulting systems, products, processes, and services worldwide. However, co-operation within MNEs still leaves potential for improvement, because intra-company transfers of technology as modes of corporate expansion and conquest of new international markets seldom work efficiently. Academic literature has not adequately addressed this important issue. Based on six case studies from MNEs, this paper highlights the challenges of intra-company technology transfer by examining exemplary cases of production process-related technology transfers. It establishes a conceptual framework model for intra-company technology transfers and identifies important success factors. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Theory on the diffusion of mobile information and communication technology (ICT) is mainly focused on technology diffusion, while prerequisites to such diffusion are largely disregarded or taken for granted. Moreover, few constructs for the assessment of technology diffusion take into account the inherent link between technology and strategy analysis. This study proposes that analysing what comes prior to diffusion and use of technology – here defined as ‘technology activation’ – is equally important, so as to identify external, not user-related determinants that enable or hinder a value proposition based on the new technology. To fill the existing gap and extend technology diffusion theory upstream, the limitations of the technology–organisation–environment model and of other technology diffusion models are reviewed, together with external strategy analysis models, and an original model is proposed to address four macro-determinants that affect technology activation: Regulation, environment, strategy, technology (REST). The REST model is then applied to the Italian mobile location-based services market, to qualitatively validate its comprehensiveness. Conclusions are drawn on the opportunities to extend the mobile technology diffusion analysis process upstream, and to integrate technology analysis with existing research on strategy analysis, thus providing new momentum to mainstream research on innovation diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The low-cost carrier (LCC) business model represents a strategic innovation that has had a significant impact on the dynamics of the commercial aviation industry in North America, Europe and increasingly Asia. This paper considers the adoption of the LCC model in China and discusses the effect of the particularities of the Chinese political, economic and regulatory context on the rate and character of adoption. We conclude by considering what the experience of the three companies that have adopted the LCC model can tell us about the prospects for the wider adoption of this model in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the view that the success of emerging technologies may be understood using a technological innovation systems analysis, drawing on a system functions approach. This is done in the context of a case study of the successful diffusion of biomass digestion technology in Germany. We show that that all system functions that are claimed to be important within the innovation systems approach are present in the German Biomass Innovation System; and that these system functions positively interact leading to virtuous cycles and a rapid growth of the German Biomass Digestion Innovation System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]