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This paper applies time modulation to deal with the design of antenna arrays for UAVs formation flight using a rectangular micro-strip as antenna element in the frequency of 2.4 GHz. The motivation for this paper is to exploit the properties and advantages of time-modulated arrays in an interesting application: UAVs formation flight. This design considers the optimization of the position of the drones (or antenna elements) and the time switched sequences of the elements in a linear geometry. The design process to find the optimal positions of the drones for flight formation and the switch-on interval of each element is carried out by means of the methods of Particle Swarm Optimization and Invasive Weed Optimization. The main contribution to the field of this paper is a performance evaluation of the design problem for UAVs-based linear antenna arrays considering time modulation in terms of side lobe level (SLL) and sideband levels (SBLs). Simulation results are provided in terms of SLL, SBLs, switching time and positions of the drones. These simulation results illustrate that the time modulation could provide a SLL improvement with respect to previous results in literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of different planar geometries of antenna arrays for isoflux radiation is presented in this paper. This synthesis considers the reduction of the side lobe level and the isoflux radiation requirements for Geostationary Earth Orbit satellites. The behavior of the radiation is studied in three geometries of two-dimensional antenna arrays such as uniform planar arrays, aperiodic planar arrays (APA) and concentric ring arrays (CRA). The well-known methods of genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization are utilized for the optimization problem. In this way, the designs of APA and CRA presented in this paper could provide an acceptable solution for reducing the antenna hardware and simplifying the power feeding even more than results presented previously in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]