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The two most important legume species for food security and sovereignty in Colombia are the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and the cowpea bean (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), which have a different center of origin and domestication, Mesoamerica for the common bean and Africa for the cowpea bean; Both species lost their defense mechanisms associated with fruit dehiscence and seed dormancy during the domestication process, thereby guaranteeing food production for man. The cultivated area of common beans in the world, in 2020, was 34 million hectares with an average yield of 791 kg ha-1, while that of cowpea beans was 15 million hectares with an average yield of 591 kg ha-1. In Colombia, the cultivated area of cowpea beans does not exceed 14,000 ha and the average yield is 700 kg ha-1, which, compared to countries such as the United States and Peru, which have yields of 2,350 and 1,350 kg ha-1, shows a significant technological gap due to the restructuring of the agricultural sector in 1993, which affected many crops, such as sesame, peanuts and cowpeas, among others. The cowpea bean is very important in the Caribbean region of Colombia, it is grown in all the departments of this region of the country, with obsolete cultivars and vulnerable to biotic and abiotic factors that, together with poor seed quality, affect productivity per unit de planted area. However, its cultivation contributes to the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen to the soil and to the improvement of its physicochemical and biological properties; In addition, it is prepared and consumed in different ways, such as fritters, soups, starters, rice with cowpeas, thick cowpea soup, which, considering its nutritional properties, especially its iron and zinc content, make it very important to counteract the problems of hidden hunger in many regions of the country, especially on the Atlantic coast. For these reasons, one of the objectives of the plant genetic improvement program of the University of Córdoba is to obtain cowpea cultivars adapted to the conditions of the Colombian Caribbean with better dry grain yields and a higher percentage of protein and nutritional quality, in order to contribute to the food security of the region and, especially, in the reduction of the levels of hunger and malnutrition of the vulnerable population, and the formation of human capital for the economic and social growth of the region and the country. The program began in 2007, with the participation of the students of the plant breeding course of the Agronomic Engineering program, of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the University of Córdoba. With the sowing of the Córdoba criollo cultivar, 170 individual selections were made, given that, as it is a population with a homozygous heterogeneous genetic structure, its genetic variability allowed it. Today the program has 60 accessions from different countries, especially from Brazil and Colombia, 50% of them characterized morphoagronomically and nutritionally, and there is still available genetic variability. In the development of the breeding program for this species, studies related to the conservation of these plant genetic resources have been carried out through conventional germination and electrical conductivity tests, which were consistent in identifying the genotypes most affected by temperature and relative humidity. In the development of the breeding program for this species, studies related to the conservation of these plant genetic resources have been carried out through conventional germination and electrical conductivity tests, which were consistent in identifying the genotypes most affected by temperature and relative humidity. On the other hand, due to problems related to the efficiency of artificial hybridization, it was evaluated in the morning hours, at 7:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m., and in the afternoon, at 3:00 p.m. 5:00 pm, with different genotypes, finding that in the morning hours it is much better to do the hybridizations, achieving success percentages between 42% and 78% in the morning hours compared to 7.1% in the afternoon hours. In order to have an alternative rotation crop with rice, corn and cotton crops, it is projected, by 2025, to obtain a new variety, with bushy architecture and determined growth, mechanically harvestable and with better grain characteristics, both in size and in the nutritional component, and commercial yields above 1400 kg ha-1. In this research advance, the LM 40, LM 19 and LM 50 lines have shown promise and are being evaluated in the humid and dry Caribbean. In this process, the linking of producers has been important, since, through participatory selection, improvement is much more efficient and acceptance by farmers and consumers is achieved. Likewise, the program has contributed to the training of human resources at the doctorate and master's level, university professionals in Agronomic Engineering and Food Engineering, and more than 30 articles published in national and international indexed journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stevia cultivation is a viable agricultural activity in Colombia and the Caribbean region, which is based on the Morita II clone, representing a high risk of biotic and abiotic factors. For this reason, the morphoagronomic characterization of 25 clones from the germplasm collection at the University of Córdoba is important in order to group them according to their genetic affinity, and to identify and select those with the best agronomic advantages. For this purpose, 19 morphoagronomic descriptors were applied (11 quantitative and 8 qualitative); a dendrogram was performed using Ward's method to distinguish among groups and a multivariate analysis of principal components to identify the descriptors that contributed to variability. Two main components were identified, the first, contributing with 47,74% and the second with 21,67% of the total variation, supported by performance-related characters. Likewise, the identification of 6 late flowering clones, dry leaf production and erect growth habit, which is of interest to advance in genetic breeding programs in the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cowpea is an important food legume as a short-cycle crop in the humid Caribbean subregion of Colombia; however, there are technological limitations related to mineral nutrition and fungal diseases, among others, related to the sowing date, which affect yield and grain quality. Knowing the appropriate times for sowing is important to have better agroclimatic conditions and avoid the serious effects of drought and excess humidity, which influence the agricultural productivity and food security of the subregion. The objective of this research was to determine the grain yield of two cowpea cultivars: Missouri and Caupicor 50, on three sowing dates, in two locations in the Department of Córdoba, Colombia: Cereté and Cotorra. The randomized complete block design was used, replicated four times, in three serial experiments established with a difference of 15 days, starting on October 2, 2022 (end of the rainy period), and three more, starting on April 15, 2023 (end of dry period), for a total of six experiments per Location. The grain yield of both genotypes was influenced by the sowing date, with the best response being achieved on the first sowing date of 2022 (October 21), in which crop maturity coincided with the dry period. The Missouri cultivar outperformed Caupicor 50, with a grain yield 19.5% higher in Cereté, and 39.4% higher in Cotorra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Temas Agrarios is the property of Universidad de Cordoba and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Temas Agrarios is the property of Universidad de Cordoba and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Temas Agrarios is the property of Universidad de Cordoba and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Temas Agrarios is the property of Universidad de Cordoba and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Temas Agrarios is the property of Universidad de Cordoba and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The agronomic performance of 12 cowpea genotypes and the original population was evaluated in order to select genotypes with higher agronomic attributes, taking into account the agro-ecological conditions of the Sinú river valley, departament of Cordoba, Colombia. Randomized complete block design with 13 treatments and four replications was applied. Response variables were grain yield and its components. The populations together with their parents were sown in the experimental area located at the University of Cordoba in Montería - Colombia in 2009. Analysis of variance showed significant differences (P <0,05) for the number of pods per plant, pods per meter, number of seeds per pod and grain yield, while for the seed weight differences were highly significant (P <0,01). Otherwise, the precocity has not significance. The genetic variability present in the inbred lines allows select cultivars with good agronomic attributes and excellent yields of grain to improve production levels of farmers in the Sinú valley. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El fríjol caupí (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) es cultivado en pequeñas áreas y sus rendimientos actuales son inferiores a los 1000 Kg ha-1 debido a muchos factores, especialmente al déficit hídrico causado por la mala distribución de las lluvias, especialmente en la fase de llenado de grano. Se planteó evaluar el efecto de 4 láminas de riego sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento de cuatro genotipos de fríjol caupí (LC-019, LC-005-016, LC-014-016 y CAUPICOR 50). El estudio se realizó bajo un diseño de bloques completos con dos factores y cuatro niveles para cada factor, en un arreglo de parcelas divididas con cuatro repeticiones. El factor A correspondió a cuatro láminas de riego (2 mm dia-1, 2,8 mm dia-1, 3,6 mm dia-1 y 4,4 mm dia-1) aplicadas a los cuatro genotipos (Factor B), durante un periodo de 50 días. La investigación se llevó a cabo en el área experimental de la Universidad de Córdoba, ubicada a los 8º 48” latitud (N) y 75º52” longitud (W) con una elevación de 15 m.s.n.m. En lo pertinente a las variables de respuesta, se determinó la masa seca total (MSTL) en las fases vegetativas, floración y producción, número de vainas por planta (NVP), número de semillas por vaina (SPV), peso de cien semillas (P100S) y el rendimiento (REND) en Kg ha-1. CAUPICOR 50 y LC-019 en la etapa vegetativa registraron la mayor MSTL con 2 mm dia-1, en la fase de floración LC-019 y LC-005-016 presentaron los valores más altos (38,71 y 48,79 g), respectivamente con 2 mm dia-1 en la fase de producción no hubo interacción entre los factores. El número de vainas por plantas (NVP) se incrementó linealmente con el aumento de la lámina de riego, mientras que el número de granos por vaina (SPV) y peso de cien granos (P100S) no fueron influenciados por las láminas de riego. El rendimiento en cada uno de los genotipos aumento al incrementar la lámina de riego, resaltando los mayores valores de rendimientos de 2276,62 y 2092 Kg ha-1, en CAUPICOR 50 y LC-019 respectivamente con 4,4 mm dia-1. Por su parte LC-005-016 y LC-014-016 registraron sus rendimientos más altos con 3,6 mm dia-1 los cuales fueron de 1438,54 y 2024,57 Kg ha-1, respectivamente. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]