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Aim: To study relationship between anemia and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of chronic kidney disease stage 5 patients (CKD) undergoing renal replacement therapy by programmed hemodialysis., Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on the basis of dialysis centers/departments in Moscow. The Russian-language version of the KDQOL-SF TM questionnaire, validated in Russia, was used to assess the HRQOL of patients on hemodialysis. A total of 723 patients were interviewed. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels were assessed in 442 patients based on outpatient records. To identify the relationship between Hb level and HRQOL scales, a correlation analysis was performed, as well as a HRQOL analysis in the three groups differing in hemoglobin levels (<100; 100-120 and >120 g/l). Statistical data processing was carried by SPSS.22 and using parametric and nonparametric statistical methods., Results: Correlation relationship was revealed between Hb and HRQOL of patients on hemodialysis on the scales "symptoms/problems", "pain", "vital activity, energy" and "total physical component of health". According to the scales "symptoms/problems" and "vital activity, energy", higher rates were noted among patients with Hb higher than the target level, which confirms the recommendations concerning the possibility of achieving higher Hb among individual patients who have not serious concomitant diseases and cardiovascular complications in order to improve their quality of life., Conclusion: HRQOL assessment is important tool for planning and evaluating the effectiveness of anemia drug therapy among patients with CKD on hemodialysis.