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A one-pot simple and concise methodology has been developed for synthesizing aromatic carboxylic anhydrides starting from easily accessible aromatic aldehydes using cuprous chloride as the catalyst and TBHP as the oxidant in DMSO solvent to garner moderate to good yields via radical pathway in short and convenient reaction time at room temperature.

We have successfully developed a transition metal free green methodology for the synthesis of carboxylic anhydrides from aldehydes via CDC pathway and have also demonstrated the reaction mechanism. The developed method has also been successfully applied for the synthesis of amides.

A short and convenient hetero-annulation protocol has been developed for the synthesis of substituted phenanthridines via domino Suzuki coupling and condensation between N -(2-iodo-aryl)-formamide derivatives and 2-formylphenylboronic acid in the presence of Pd(OAc) 2 , Cs 2 CO 3 and PPh 3 as catalytic system in dry DMF at 85–90 °C for 6–7 h. The intermediate after Suzuki coupling and deprotection of nitrogen under the same catalytic system, furnishes the corresponding phenanthridines in good yields after immediate condensation and dehydration.

A facile, mild, efficient, and copper-free method has been developed for the synthesis of 2-substituted indoles via domino Sonogashira coupling/cyclization reaction catalyzed by ZnCl2 and palladium on carbon with simultaneous formations of C–C and C–N bonds.

A convenient methodology has been developed towards the synthesis of substituted phenanthridines and analogous benzo[ k ] and benzo[ i ] derivatives via aerobic ligand-free domino Suzuki coupling–Michael addition reaction in the presence of Pd(OAc) 2 and K 3 PO 4 as a catalytic system in H 2 O at 90 °C in good yields. Reaction was believed to be catalyzed by in situ generated palladium nanoparticles in water with the elimination of acetone.