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Objective: To evaluate the CT and MRI findings of thymic carcinoid and to compare these findings with previously published findings of thymoma. Methods: 11 cases of pathologically proven thymic carcinoid were reviewed retrospectively. Three patients had typical carcinoid, and eight patients had atypical carcinoid. The characteristics of the tumours and related thoracic abnormalities were assessed in each case on CT and/or MRI by two chest radiologists. The final decisions on the findings were reached by consensus. Results: Thymic carcinoids were more likely to have a large mass (ranging from 18 to 105 mm), irregular contours (n=8), heterogeneous intensity on T2 weighted images (n=6; eight patients underwent MRI), heterogeneous enhancement (n=9) and local invasion (n=7). A necrotic or cystic component was identified in seven patients (one typical carcinoid and six atypical carcinoids). Lymphadenopathy was seen in four patients. Septum, capsule, haemorrhage and calcification were seen in three patients, two patients, two patients and one patient, respectively, with atypical carcinoid. Conclusion: Thymic carcinoids tend to have a high prevalence of large masses, irregular contours, heterogeneous intensity on T2 weighted images, heterogeneous enhancement and local invasion on CT and/or MRI. A necrotic or cystic component is often seen in atypical carcinoid. Advances in knowledge: Radiologic features of thymic carcinoid mimic those of high-risk thymomas and/or thymic carcinomas., The British Journal of Radiology, 90(1071), 20150341; 2017

A case is presented of anterior mediastinal bronchogenic cyst associated with adenocarcinoma arising from the cyst wall. The presence of a solid component in the lower portion of the mass was suspected from CT and confirmed by MRI.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the size and location of lung tumour and the extent of ground-glass opacity (GGO) on thin-section CT for the detection of peripheral lung cancer on chest radiographs. 100 posteroanterior chest radiographs of peripheral lung cancer 20 mm in diameter or smaller were reviewed retrospectively by two chest radiologists individually. Lung cancer was detectable on chest radiographs in 51 (51%) cases. However, in six cases, the tumour was recognized not as a nodular opacity but as a subpleural linear or localized hazy opacity. The median size of detectable lung cancer (17 mm) was larger than that of undetectable lung cancer (14 mm; p

The purpose of this paper was to study the frequency of visualization and characteristics of normal thoracic structures on posteroanterior (PA) chest radiographs in Japanese population. 1000 consecutive normal PA chest radiographs of men and women ranging in age from 20 years to 90 years were reviewed. Frequency of visualization and configuration of structures including (1) fissure lines such as major, minor, vertical fissure line, and accessory fissures, (2) vascular structures including normal apical opacity, aortic nipple, and descending aortic interface, and (3) other structures including air in the oesophagus, aortic pulmonary stripe, and diaphragm were studied. On PA chest radiographs: (1) minor fissure, superolateral major fissure, superomedial major fissure, vertical fissure line, superior accessory fissure, and inferior accessory fissure were visualized in 74.7%, 19.7%, 15.4%, 1.6%, 2.9% and 13.1%, respectively. (2) Normal apical opacity was seen in 3.7%, while aortic nipple was seen in 0.9%. Descending aortic interface was obliterated in 13.7%. (3) Air in the oesophagus and aortic pulmonary stripe were seen in 8.9% and 17.7%, respectively. Hemidiaphragm was obliterated in 10.3% on the right, and in 32.4% on the left. Scalloping of the diaphragm was seen in 10.6% on the right, 6.5% on the left, and 4.3% bilaterally. Frequency of visualization and characteristics of various normal anatomical structures on chest radiographs in Japanese population differ from those reported previously from the West. Familiarity with these normal thoracic structures and variations is important for our daily image interpretation.

We report a case of coexistence of lung cancer and tuberculoma in the same lesion. The component parts of lung cancer and tuberculoma were identified on the basis of morphology on high-resolution CT as well as enhancement patterns and time-attenuation curves by contrast-enhanced dynamic CT. With the increasing incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in older patients, the presence of concomitant tuberculosis and lung cancer has stimulated great interest. However, it is often difficult to identify the coexistence of lung cancer and tuberculosis. There have been several reports about these lesions in different lobes or even in the same lobe, at different locations (1-4). We report a case of coexistence of lung cancer and tuberculoma in the same lesion. The parts of lung cancer and tuberculoma were demonstrated on high-resolution CT (HRCT) and contrast-enhanced dynamic CT.

The aim of this study was to analyse and compare the chest radiographic and CT findings in patients with primary and secondary Sjogren's syndrome. We retrospectively evaluated the frequency of abnormality and findings of both the chest radiography (n=107) and CT (n=59) in patients with Sjogren's syndrome. Abnormal cases were classified into five patterns based on predominant CT findings. Chest radiographic and CT abnormalities were seen in 24 (22%) and in 34 (58%) patients, respectively. Most frequently observed abnormal findings were linear and reticular opacities on chest radiograph, and ground-glass opacity, interlobular septal thickening and intralobular interstitial thickening on CT in both primary and secondary Sjogren's syndrome. Centrilobular abnormalities were significantly more common in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (p=0.018). According to our CT classification, interstitial pneumonia (IP) pattern was the most common in patients with both primary and secondary Sjogren's syndrome. Bronchiolitis pattern was more common in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome and lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) pattern was only observed in primary Sjogren's syndrome. In conclusion, although the most frequently observed pattern in our CT classification was IP pattern in both primary and secondary Sjogren's syndrome, centrilobular abnormalities and LPD pattern were relatively characteristic in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome.

This pictorial review looks at the pitfalls in the diagnosis of lobar atelectasis on chest radiographs. Lobar atelectasis with marked volume loss is hard to recognize and may be easily missed. Lobar atelectasis presenting as a mass-like opacity may be misdiagnosed as mediastinal or lung tumour. Lobar atelectasis in an unusual location may also be misdiagnosed as other entities. Familiarity with such manifestations and consideration of anatomical alterations as the signs of lobar atelectasis are important in making the correct diagnosis.