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Background: Improving glycemic control with Metformin therapy, glycemic index (GI), and glycemic load (GL) have been protectively associated with prostate cancer risk. No studies have yet assessed ...

Background: Tree nut consumption is associated with reduced diabetes risk, however, results from randomized trials on glycemic control have been inconsistent. Aim: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the effect of tree nuts on glycemic control in individuals with diabetes. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases through 14 May 2013 for relevant randomized trials 蠅3-weeks reporting HbA1c, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and/or HOMA-IR. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data. Data were pooled using the generic inverse variance method and expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran’s Q and quantified by I2. Results: 10 trials (n=374) met the eligibility criteria. Diets emphasizing tree nuts significantly lowered HbA1c (MD=-0.11 %, 95% CI:-0.18, -0.04 %; P=0.001) and fasting glucose (MD=-0.20 mmol/L, 95% CI:-0.38, -0.03 mmol/L; P=0.02) compared wit...

Background and Aims: Elevated postprandial glucose (PPG) levels have been associated with higher incidence of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Dietary pulses including beans, lentils and chickpeas have resulted in low and medium PPG responses, however most studies have included few subjects and their overall PPG responses, when taken in equicarbohydrate amounts either alone or in mixed meals, have not been systematically summarized and quantitated. Objective: to synthesize the evidence of the effect of dietary pulses on PPG responses in individuals with diabetes. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane were searched through Oct 31, 2013 for all acute human trials in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes reporting data for areas under the PPG curve or glycemic indices. Data were pooled by the generic inverse variance method using random effect models and expressed as ratio of means (RoM) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed by Chi2 and quantified by I2. ...