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Milanella familiaris n. gen. and n. sp. (Bothriocephalidea: Triaenophoridae) is proposed to accommodate a new cestode from blackfish Centrolophus niger (Gmelin) (Perciformes: Centrolophidae). Milanella is characterized as follows: trapeziform, i.e., markedly craspedote proglottids with a velum-like posterior margin and horn like lateral projections; pyriform uterine sac in the first gravid proglottids; arrow-shaped scolex with well-developed apical disc and prominent posterior margins; strobila with intensively stained corpuscles, most numerous in the anterior part; deeply lobated ovary; absence of a neck; a large, pyriform, thin-walled cirrus-sac with the proximal part bent anteromedially; vagina posterior to the cirrus-sac; and cortical vitelline follicles. Milanella most closely resembles Bathycestus Kuchta and Scholz, 2004, Pistana Campbell and Gartner, 1982, and Probothriocephalus Campbell, 1979, differing mainly in the shape of proglottids and uterine sac.

Here we describe the first species of sanguinicolid blood fluke (Trematoda: Digenea) from a polynemid fish. Chaulioleptos haywardi n. gen., n. sp. is described from Filimanus heptadactyla Cuvier, 1829 (Perciformes: Polynemidae), the sevenfinger threadfin from Sandgate, Moreton Bay (southeast Queensland, Australia). Chaulioleptos haywardi differs from existing sanguinicolid genera in the combined possession of the following 7 characters: 2 testes, an entirely postovarian uterus, a uterine chamber, separate genital pores, an H-shaped intestine with abbreviated anterior caeca, tegumental spines in incomplete ventro-marginal transverse rows that are continuous along the length of the body, and vitelline follicles that are tightly compacted and subsequently appear to form a solid branching mass occupying the area anterior to intestinal bifurcation and extending posteriorly to the level of the posterior margin of the anterior testis. Chaulioleptos haywardi is most closely related to Paracardicola Martin, 1960 and Adelomyllos Nolan and Cribb, 2004.

Torogregarina is revised to clarify the nature of the epimerite-protomerite complex and the method of gametocyst dehiscence, removed from the family Gregarinidae, and placed among the Hirmocystidae. Torogregarina sphinx n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinida) is described from Bembidion laevigatum (Coleoptera: Carabidae) collected along the Missouri River near Peru, Nemaha County, Nebraska. Measurements are means in micrometers. Association is precocious and caudofrontal. Primite epimerite depressed ovoid and persistent through syzygy; length 25.2, width 41.0. Protomerite a high toroid collar between epimerite and deutomerite; length 13.5, width 35.4. Deutomerite obovoid; length 137.3, width 90.7. Total length including epimerite 172.2. Satellite epimerite protomerite complex concentrically formed by a depressed ovoid epimerite within a transversely oblong protomerite, the protruding dome of the epimerite fitting into a posterior depression on the primite and the transverse anterior margin of the protomerite mating with the posterior margin of the primite to form the syzygial junction; length 25.0, width 48.8. Deutomerite obovoid; length 113.5, width 63.5. Total length 138.6. Gametocysts roughly spherical; diameter 142.9. Gametocysts mature and dehisce by simple rupture, extruding oocysts in a single mass without an epispore packet. Oocysts axially symmetric, dolioform in dorsal aspect, concavoconcave in transverse plane, uniform in size and shape; length 5.2, terminal width 2.4, equatorial width 3.1.

Cylicocyclus triramosus, a rare species of Cyathostominae from the southern African Burchell's zebra (Equus burchelli antiquorum) is redescribed, and a neotype is proposed. The external leaf-crown of the species consists of 30 elements and the internal leaf-crown of numerous small and clear elements. The buccal capsule is cylindrical, oval in cross section, and approximately 3 times as wide as deep. The thin walls of the buccal capsule taper anteriorly from a large ringlike, hoop-shaped thickening around the posterior margin. The dorsal gutter is nipple-shaped. The mouth collar is notched dorsally and ventrally. The dorsal ray of the copulatory bursa is slightly elongate and distinctly set off from the lateral lobes. The branches of the dorsal ray have auxiliary branches. Appendages of the genital cone consist of 2 separated, large, semilunar plates with finger-shaped processes on the margins. The vulva-to-anus distance is greater than the tail length. The species is most similar to Cylicocyclus radiatus. Cylicocyclus triramosus differs from all similar species in the presence of dorsal and ventral notches in its mouth collar. In addition, C. triramosus also has a distinctive form of male genital cone appendage. Cylicocyclus radiatus differs further from C. triramosus in lacking a dorsal gutter and having a more elongate dorsal ray and a female tail nearly equal in length to the vulva-to-anus distance.

Five new species of Acanthobothrium are described in stingrays from the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica. Acanthobothrium costarricense n. sp. in Dasyatis longus, most similar to Acanthobothrium lilium, Acanthobothrium lineatum, and Acanthobothrium himanturi, has bothridial hooks averaging 125 microns (lateral) and 145 microns (medial) long, an average of 47 testes per proglottis, cirrus sacs averaging 187 microns long, and asymmetrical ovarian lobes with poral lobes reaching the posterior margin of the cirrus sac, and aporal lobes reaching the middle of the cirrus sac. Acanthobothrium cimari n. sp. in D. longus, most similar to A. lilium, A. lineatum, A. himanturi, A. costarricense, and Acanthobothrium semnovesiculum, has bothridial hooks averaging 117 microns (lateral) and 121 microns (medial) long, an average of 50 testes per proglottis, cirrus sacs averaging 164 microns long, and asymmetrical ovarian lobes with poral lobes reaching the posterior margin of the cirrus sac, and aporal lobes reaching the level of the vagina. Acanthobothrium puntarenasense n. sp. in D. longus, distinctive in having a very small scolex relative to the width of the cephalic peduncle similar to Acanthobothrium microcephalum, has bothridial hooks averaging 111 microns (lateral) and 117 microns (medial) long, an average of 50 testes per proglottis, cirrus sacs averaging 170 microns long, and asymmetrical ovarian lobes with poral lobes reaching the posterior margin of the cirrus sac, and aporal lobes reaching the middle of the cirrus sac. Acanthobothrium vargosi in D. longus, most similar to Acanthobothrium brevissime, Acanthobothrium tasajerasi, Acanthobothrium urotrygoni, and Acanthobothrium campbelli, has bothridial hooks averaging 130 microns (lateral) and 133 microns (medial) long, an average of 25 testes per proglottis arranged in 2 single rows, cirrus sacs averaging 91 microns long, and asymmetrical ovarian lobes with poral lobes reaching the posterior margin of the cirrus sac, and aporal lobes reaching the middle of the cirrus sac. Acanthobothrium campbelli n. sp. in Urotrygon chilensis, most similar to a A. brevissime, A. Vargasi, A. lineatum, A. himanturi, and A. urotrygoni, has bothridial hooks averaging 108 microns (lateral) and 111 microns (medial) long, an average of 19 tester per proglottis arranged in 2 nearly linear rows, cirrus sacs averaging 74 microns long, and asymmetrical ovarian lobes with the poral lobe reaching the posterior margin of the cirrus sac, and the aporal lobes reaching the middle of the cirrus sac.

Specimens of a new species of Trombicula were collected on Bougainville Island by J. M. Fritts, PhM2c, during the summer and fall of 1944. These specimens are described under the name Trombicula frittsi. Womersley and Heaslip (1943) devised a series of standard measurements of the scutum. Their system is adopted and the designations of the measurements follow: AW-distance between the bases of the anterior-lateral setae. PW-distance between the bases of the posterior-lateral setae. SB-distance between the centers of the pseudostigmata. ASB-greatest perpendicular distance from a line drawn through the centers of the pseudostigmata to the anterior margin of the scutum. PSB-greatest perpendicular distance from a line drawn through the centers of the pseudostigmata to the posterior margin of the scutum. AP-distance between the bases of the anterior-lateral and posterior-lateral

The male of Haemaphysalis vidua Warburton and Nuttall, 1909, previously known only by a single specimen, is redescribed and the female is described for the first time. H. vidua, a parasite of Malayan civets, belongs to a haemaphysalid group with unusual capitular formations related to H. bispinosa Neumann. Haemaphysalis vidua was described by Warburton and Nuttall (1909) from a single male specimen taken in company with "H. leachii" from a Palm Civet, Paradoxurus sp., in the Federated Malay States, March 1909, by Dr. A. T. Stanton. It has not been reported since that time, and the female has remained unknown. This interesting species differs from other haemaphysalids in a peculiar uptilt of the basal margins of the palpi. Given only a brief description and rough sketch of H. vidua, based on a single individual, one might wonder whether this specimen could have been an imperfectly developed one. Study of the presently reported series, however, indicates that H. vidua is a valid species with several unique structural features, some of which have previously been unrecognized. Recently, through the kindness of Professor John R. Hendrickson of the Department of Zoology, University of Malaya at Kuala Lumpur, we have been privileged to receive some outstanding collections of Malayan ticks. Among these were 11 males and 1 female of H. vidua taken from a Malay Civet, Viverra tangalunga Gray, at Tasek Bera, Pahang, Malaya, on 12 October 1961, by Ben Ensoll, together with specimens of H. dentipalpis Warburton and Nuttall, H. koningsbergeri Warburton and Nuttall, and immature stages of Haemaphysalis sp. and Amblyomma sp. The specimens of "H. leachii" reported with H. vidua in Warburton and Nuttall's Received for publication 25 July 1962. From Research Project MR005.09-1402.3, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department, Washington 25, D. C. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the author and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Navy Department or the naval service at large. original description of this species were probably actually H. koningsbergeri. The description and sketch of the male H. vidua in Warburton and Nuttall (1909) and in Nuttall and Warburton (1915, p. 495-496) provide only an incomplete taxonomic diagnosis of this species and are not sufficiently detailed for modern needs. The present study is part of a larger work designed to elucidate the phylogenetic position of H. vidua and other members of this genus. The male is here redescribed and the female described for the first time. We are grateful to Professor Hendrickson for this fine material. Haemaphysalis vidua Warburton and Nuttall, 1909 (figs. 1-14) Redescription. Male: Length from apex of palpi to posterior margin of scutum measures approximately 2.0 mm, width 1.2 mm. Color yellowish. Capitulum (figs. 5, 6). Basis capituli essentially rectangular and with moderate cornua; length (including cornua) approximately 2.3 of width; surface with a few scattered minute punctations; lateral margins slightly convex bordering cornua; posterior margin straight between cornua; cornua widely triangular, apex bluntly rounded, almost half as long as base. Basis capituli ventrally bearing approximately 4 sublateral setae and a pair of short posthypostomal bristles. Palpi short, widely triangular, segment 2 with peculiarly uptilted basal margins. Dorsally, segment 1 prominent, with long lateral margin; segment 3 (including basal spur) almost as long as segment 2; segment 2 with long, uncurved, uptilted basal margin, basolateral juncture acutely recurved, lateral margin short (in some specimens even shorter than herein illustrated), inner margin long and sinuous; segment 3 widely triangular with short inner margin, long lateral margin, and basal margin which is slightly longer than apical margin of segment 2 and bears a short but widely triangular spur; segment 1 bearing one lateral seta; segment 2 bearing two lateral setae, two basal setae, and two short, narrow inner setae; segment 3 bearing at least two setae. Ventrally

A new species and new host and geographic records are established for rhinonyssine nasal mites from Louisiana birds. Ptilonyssus bombycillae sp. n. is described from Bombycilla cedrorum. The new species differs from others of the genus by a combination of characters including an almost straight posterior margin of the podosomal plate, 6 pairs of small blunt-tipped dorsal opisthosomal setae, entire pygidial plate, and all 3 anal setae posterior to the anal opening. Also, a new host record is established for Sternostoma hirundinis Fain from B. cedrorum. New geographic records include Rhinoecius cooremani Strandtmann from Strix varia and Tinaminyssus zenaidurae (Crossley) comb. n. from Zenaidura macroura. The systematics and host relationships of these species are briefly discussed. Continuing studies on the nasal mites of Louisiana birds have revealed a new species, Ptilonyssus bombycillae from Bombycilla cedrorum, and a new host and geographic records for several other rhinonyssine species. The materials and methods, including the designations and abbreviations used in the following description, have been outlined previously (Pence, 1972a). Genus Tinaminyssus Strandtmann and Wharton Strandtmann and Wharton, 1958, Contrib. Inst. Acar. Univ. Md. 4: 161. Synonymy: See Domrow, 1969. Tinaminyssus zenaidurae (Crossley) comb. n. Neonyssus zenaidurae Crossley, 1952, J. Parasit. 38: 386. Mesonyssus zenaidurae (Crossley) Fain and Aitken, 1967, Bull. Inst. Roy. Soc. Nat. Belg. 43: 39. Additional host record: 1 9 from Zenaidura macroura, mourning dove, Bonnet Carre Floodway, Norco, La., 13 October 1971, D.B.P.

In the course of examinations of Bob-white quail from Texas, three acanthocephalans were found in one bird and one in another. They represent a new species of the family GIGANTORHYNCHIDAE Hamann, 1892, genus Mediorhynchus Van Cleave, 1916. The quail viscera for examination were supplied by Mr. Valgene W. Lehmann; Dr. Asa C. Chandler directed the study. Dr. Harley J. Van Cleave and Dr. Donald V. Moore loaned specimens of other species from their collections for comparison. Mediorhynchus colini new species Diagnosis: Characters of the genus. Male unknown. Females 24 to 31 mm long by 0.6 to 1.0 mm wide. Body slender, ribbon-shaped. Pseudosegmentation slight. Cuticular vascular ducts prominent. Proboscis conical, 288 R wide at base and 292 R long, bearing 84 hooks, each 31 to 35 R long (including the root) and arranged in twelve spiral rows of 7 hooks each. Counted in longitudinal rows, there are twenty-four rows of alternately 3 and 4 hooks. Spines on posterior part of proboscis 26 to 28 R long, arranged in about forty longitudinal rows of 3 spines each. Proboscis receptacle a double-walled muscular sac 1.08 to 1.25 mm long by 274 R wide; both walls thicker dorsally than ventrally. Some of inverter muscle fibers of proboscis emerge from receptacle at posterior margin of outer sac. Retractor muscles of proboscis inserted with proboscis receptacle at boundary between hooks and spines. Lemnisci 3.48 to 3.56 mm long, each with 8 or 9 nuclei. Ovoid brain in center of anterior part of proboscis receptacle. Nearly-mature eggs, in body cavity, with granular outer shell, 29 to 36 R by 18 to 21 R. Host: Colinus virginianus texanus, Texas Bob-white. Location: Jejunum. Locality: Kleberg County, Texas. Type: Mature female mounted on two slides, U. S. Nat. Mus. Helm. Coll. No. 36998.

Color white. Movable chela bearing three teeth. Fixed chela about a third as long as movable chela, with a seta-like process near its tip. Anal plate bearing four paired and one unpaired setae, anteriorly truncate, larger than sternal plate. Peritremal and parapodal plates present. A pair of spindle-shaped plates present, one of which lies on either side of the dorsal plate between the latter and coxae I and II. A pair of large setae at posterior margin of dorsal shield.

Larvae, in life, orange, broad-elliptical. Size: Length, 500 to 643; width, 316 to 408. Capitulum (Fig. 1, B): Chelicerae moderately long, stout, with distinct subapical ventral tooth and inconspicuous dorsal tooth. Cheliceral base longer than wide, with few scattered punctations. Galeal seta forked or with two branches. Palpal claw trifurcate, the median prong largest; thumb with seven branched setae and a spur of moderate length; all palpal setae branched except the dorsal seta on article 4 which is either nude or forked. Scutum (Figs. 1-A and 8): Scutum punctate, as figured; about one and one-third times wider than long; roughly trapezoidal in shape with rounded, unexpanded corners and with poorly defined margins because of the encroachment of cuticular striae which, from the posterior margin, are projected perpendicularly on to the scutum between and as far as the sensillary bases. Setae plumose, all of similar form; length of anteromedian, anterolaterals and posterolaterals increases in the order cited. Sensillae capitate; the round head with few large, flattened setules; stem long, bare. Sensillary bases separated by somewhat more than the distance between anterolateral and posterolateral setae, and located far anterior to the posterolaterals. Standard measurements: Holotype: AW-57, PW-76, AP-36, SB-40, ASB-33, PSB-26, AM-36, AL-48, PL-52, S-32, DS-40 to 44. Average of ten specimens: AW-56, PW-72, AP33, SB-39, ASB-29, PSB-26, AM-32, AL-50, PL-56, S-32 (average of four), DS-40 to 45. Dorsum (Fig. 1, D) : Eyes 2/2, in ocular plate. Dorsal formula fairly constant, 2-8-6-6-42-2; the setae decreasing in length from anterior to posterior rows. Venter (Fig. 1, C): Two pairs of sternal setae. Ventrals 32 to 36, those posterior to the anus longest and similar in form to the dorsal setae. Legs: All legs with seven segments. Coxal setae, 1-1-1. Type data: Holotype and 15 paratypes, larvae from Odocoileus hemionus hemionus (Rocky Mountain mule deer), Sula, Montana, July 15, 1947, W. L. Jellison, AP23827.

During the course of investigations on Bilharzia infections among different snails, I came across a peculiar type of xiphidiocercariae liberated from Bulinus contortus. The cercariae were white in colour with elongated bodies and short stumpy tails. They were extremely sluggish and had a marked tendency to sink towards the bottom of the test tube. Specimens a few hours old, drawn from the tube, were surrounded with a rudimentary cyst wall and the tail was partially attached to them. The body was 0.57 mms. in length by 0.22 mms. in breadth. The tail was 0.3 mms. long in extended specimens. The oral sucker was 8o p in diameter and communicated with a well-developed pharynx leading to a thin oesophagus. This bifurcated, anterior to the ventral sucker into two intestinal ceca reaching as far posteriorly as the border of the body. The ventral sucker was 60 p in diameter. The surface of the body was covered with minute spines attaining their optimum size in the region of the oral sucker where they were arranged in concentric rows; then, they became sparsely distributed over the rest of the surface of the body. Its parenchyma was extremely cellular owing to the presence of numerous cystogenous glands, which obscured the minute details of the excretory system. On either side of the body, there were three stylet glands (fig. 3). Each had a separate duct opening in the vicinity of the stylet. This structure (fig. 4) was thin and fragile. It was partially embedded in the parenchyma of the oral sucker, had no marked shoulders and measured 40 p in length; the spine being onefourth the total length of the stylet. The excretory system (fig. 3) comprised two tubes; the anterior tube received two groups of tributaries, each with a couple of flame cells which drained the regions of the oral and ventral suckers. The posterior tube received a group of tributaries with three flame cells and another with a single flame cell. Both groups drained the region posterior to the ventral sucker. The two tubes joined each other at the level of the posterior margin of the ventral sucker, forming a thick main tube. The main tube from either side opened directly into the excretory vesicle, which received the main tributary from the tail, at its posterior margin. The formula of the excretory system would be 2 X (2 + 2) + (3 + I) I6. The cercariae developed in rediae (fig. i) about i mm. in length

and distinctly larger than those of dorsal shield; sternal pores short, with rounded ends; margins of shield indistinct. Genitoventral shield short, with a rounded posterior margin, and with one pair of genitoventral setae, which are short, stout, and smooth, and are located near the posterior margin of the shield. Outline of anal shield not distinct on the only available specimen; only two anal setae are visible. Endopodal and metapodal shields not present. Metasternal setae distinctly smaller than sternal setae; about equal in size with genitoventral setae. Ventral body setae of about equal length with setae of dorsal shield. Peritreme very short, about two and one half times as long as it is wide. Epistome not clear in specimen examined. Chelae relatively stout. Fixed chela with a bifid tip and a large distal tooth, as well as a distal seta; bears two proximal tufts of setae. Movable chela the smaller of the two; bears one blunt tooth. Maxillary corniculi distinct; all maxillary setae smooth. All palpal setae smooth; ventrally located coxal seta is largest on palp; tarsus bears the usual bifurcate seta of the Laelaptidae. Legs relatively short and stout. Most setae on legs small, although some ventral setae, especially on coxae and tarsi, are stout and spur-like; two conspicuous spur-like setae on femur of leg I; all setae smooth.