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Primary lymphoma of the bladder is a rare entity, and when found in such an unusual location it frequently is difficult to distinguish between a lymphoma and an undifferentiated carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining techniques have been used to identify tumor cell origins when the tissue type or a primary site of involvement is unknown. We report a case of primary lymphoma (nonHodgkin’s type) of the bladder and the use of immunohistochemical staining to distinguish definitively tissue type and then specific immunotype.

Congenital arteriovenous malformations in the true pelvis are extremely rare: only 7 cases have been described in male patients. We report on a patient who presented with massive hemorrhage after transrectal prostatic biopsy and transurethral resection of the prostate. Diagnosis was established by means of magnetic resonance imaging and confirmed by arteriography. Our attempt at management by embolization and subsequent surgical ligation is described. A literature review and discussion of arteriovenous anomalies are presented.

Significant (grade III/V or greater, International Reflux Study) postoperative vesicoureteral reflux was noted in 4 children who underwent technically satisfactory ureteral reimplantation. All patients had moderate to severe preoperative ureteral dilatation necessitating ureteral tapering in 3 of the 8 ureters reimplanted. Reoperation was considered in all 4 children but a conservative approach was used, with subsequent spontaneous resolution of the reflux 19 to 55 months after reimplantation. We conclude that even high grade reflux after satisfactory reimplantation can resolve spontaneously.