1. Tropism and innate host responses of a novel avian influenza A H7N9 virus: an analysis of ex-vivo and in-vitro cultures of the human respiratory tract
- Author
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John M. Nicholls, J. S. Malik Peiris, Yi Guan, Louisa L. Y. Chan, Joanne H.M. Fong, Chris Ka Pun Mok, Kenrie P Y Hui, Renee W. Y. Chan, Kin Pong Tao, Leo L.M. Poon, and Michael C. W. Chan
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Genes, Viral ,viruses ,Respiratory System ,Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Tropism ,H5N1 genetic structure ,Article ,Virus ,Influenza, Human ,Pandemic ,Veterinary virology ,Influenza A virus ,medicine ,Humans ,Cells, Cultured ,Macrophages ,virus diseases ,Immunohistochemistry ,Virology ,Immunity, Innate ,Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ,Up-Regulation ,Cytokines ,Oncovirus - Abstract
Summary Background Since March, 2013, an avian-origin influenza A H7N9 virus has caused severe pneumonia in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis of this new virus in human beings. Methods We obtained ex-vivo cultures of the human bronchus, lung, nasopharynx, and tonsil and in-vitro cultures of primary human alveolar epithelial cells and peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages. We compared virus tropism and induction of proinflammatory cytokine responses of two human influenza A H7N9 virus isolates, A/Shanghai/1/2013 and A/Shanghai/2/2013; a highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus; the highly pathogenic avian influenza H7N7 virus that infected human beings in the Netherlands in 2003; the 2009 pandemic influenza H1N1 virus, and a low pathogenic duck H7N9 virus that was genetically different to the human disease causing A H7N9 viruses. Findings Both human H7N9 viruses replicated efficiently in human bronchus and lung ex-vivo cultures, whereas duck/H7N9 virus failed to replicate in either. Both human A H7N9 viruses infected both ciliated and non-ciliated human bronchial epithelial cells and replicated to higher titres than did H5N1 (p
- Published
- 2013