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The new lichenicolous fungusCapronia suijaegrowing on the thallus of corticolousXanthoria parietinais described from Belarus and compared with similar species. In addition to its host selection, the species is characterized by comparatively small ascomata, 40–80 μm diam., and (0–1–)3-septate ascospores, 9·5–11·5×4·0–5·0 μm. A key to the lichenicolous fungi growing onXanthorias. str. is provided.

The new lichenicolous Capronia paranectrioides Etayo, Flakus & Kukwa, inhabiting thalli of Erioderma leylandii, is described from Bolivia. The species is characterized by pale brown, submuriform and bicaudate ascospores, subglobose to barrel-shaped perithecia and I+ red, K/I+ pale blue hymenial gelatine. It is the first known Capronia species producing ascospores with long apical appendages.

Four new species of lichenicolous fungi are described from Bolivia: Capronia etayoi Flakus & Kukwa sp. nov. (on Dictyonema minus), Lichenosticta jurgae Kukwa & Flakus sp. nov. (on Lecanora sp.), Phaeosporobolus trypethelii Flakus & Kukwa sp. nov. (on Trypetheliumochroleucum; the host lichen new to Bolivia) and Spirographa usneae Flakus, Kukwa & Etayo sp. nov. (on Usnea sp.; also known from Ecuador).

Twenty species of lichenicolous fungi are reported onThamnoliaspecies and discussed.Epithamnolia karatyginiigen. et sp. nov.,Capronia thamnoliaesp. nov.,Cercidospora epithamnoliasp. nov.,C. thamnogalloidessp. nov.,C. thamnoliaesp. nov., andSphaerellothecium thamnoliaesp. nov. (var.thamnoliae, var.taimyricum) are described fromThamnolia.Dacampia thamnoliicolaandPhoma thamnoliaeare introducedad interim.Cercidospora lecidomaeis reduced to synonymy withC. punctillata.Polycoccum vermiculariumis new to Asia,Odontotrema santessoniiandO. thamnoliaeare new to North America,Cladosporium licheniphilumis new to the Arctic,Thamnogalla crombieiis new to Greenland and Svalbard,Stigmidium frigidumis new to Mongolia and confirmed in the USA,Lichenopeltella thamnoliaeis new to Bolivia.Cladosporium licheniphilumandPhaeospora arcticaare newly documented onThamnoliaandLichenopeltella thamnoliaeonThamnolia papelillovar.subsolida.Thamnolia vermicularis, supporting 23 species of lichenicolous fungi, is shown to be the 15th most hospitable lichen species in the world. A worldwide key to 23 species of fungi known to occur onThamnoliais provided.